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MEMOIRS 



OP THE 



MARQUIS DE LA FAYETTE, 

M^'m^asirtMtvaX in tfie Hcboltttionarg ^rmg 



OF THE 



INITED STATES OF AMERICA, 



TOGETHER WITH 



HSS TOUR 



THROUGH THE UNITED STATES. 



i^ 

BY FREDERICK BUTLER, A. M. 



WITH COPPERPLATE ENGRAVINGS. 



WETHERSFIELD : 

PUBLISHED BY DEMING & FRANCIS^ 

A. Francis, printer. 



1826. 



A-.'z-^S 



DISTRICT dP CONNECTICUT, SS. 
Be it rememberedf That on the twenty-second day of June, m 
L, S. the forly-ninth year of the Independence of the United States 
of America, Deming & Franci?, of the said District, have de- 
posited in this Office the title of a Book, the right whereof they claim 
as Proprietor!?, in the words following, to wit : — " Memoirs" of the 
Marquis de La Fayette, Major General in the Revolutionary Army of 
(he United States of America, together with his Tour through the 
United States. — By Frederick Butler, A.M. With copperplate engrav- 
ings/' 

Iq conformity to an act of the Congress of the United States, en- 
titled, "An Act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the 
copies of Maps, Charts, and Books, to the Authors and Proprietors of 
such copies, during the times therein mentioned." 

CHARLES A. LNGERSOLL, 

Clerk of the District of Connecticut. 
A true copy of Record, exaniined and sealed by me, 
CHARLES A. INGERSOLL, 

Clerk of the District of Connecticut 



PREFACS. 

riie Author gave his name to the public for the publica- 
tion of the Memoirs of the Marquis La Fayette, so^n after 
he arrived in America, and before it was known that any oth- 
er writer Avould appear on the subject. Soon after this, one 
volume of Memoirs of La Fayette appeared in New York, 
by General Holstein, another in Boston, and a third in Hart- 
ford ; the two last are anonymous. 

It was the intention of the Author to have presented this 
work to the public at a much earlier day ; but soon after 
those works appeared, it was judged best to defer this, so as 
to embrace a sketch of the southern and western Tour of 
General La Fayette, and his visit at Bunker Hill, on the 17tb 
of June, where he engaged to be present at the dedication, 
of the .Monument. 

The Author feels himself much indebted to General Hol- 
stein for the particular knowledge he has acquired of the 
life of General La Fayette while in exile, and his retirement 
at La Grange, after his return to France. 

That the eventful scenes through which General La Fay- 
ette has been called to pass may be clearly understood, and 
tbe tirmness, integrity, and magnanimity of his character 
full}' realized, the Author has judged it proper and necessary 
to give a general sketch of the American and French Revo- 
lutions. 

If it should be inquired what connection the movement? 
of the French armies can have with the Memoirs of Gener- 
al La Fayette, after he fled into exile, or the expedition of 
General Bonaparte into Egypt and Syria, it must be remem- 
bered, that the successful campaign of General Bonaparte in 
Italy was the immediate cause of the liberation of General 
La Fayette, and family, and friends, from the prison of 01- 
mutz, by the peace of Campo Formio ; and that the defeat 
of General Bonaparte in Syria was the immediate cause of 
his return to France, and effecting the revolution in the gov* 
ernment of the 18th Brumair, (October,) that rendered it safe 
for the Marquis La Fayette to return into France under tbe 
Consv.lar Government. 



4 PflEFACE. 

The other movements of the French armies were the im- 
mediate causes of those revolutions in the government of 
France, that raised the Consul to the imperial dignity, and 
ultimately proved his ruin. These changes in the govern- 
ment served to illustrate the character of General La Fay- 
ette, by shewing the firmness of his principles and integrity 
when he refused to give his vote to General Bonaparte as 
Consul for life, without a sufficient guarantee for the rights 
of the people ; and when he declined the flattering honors 
and emoluments of office, proffered him by the Emperov 
Napoleon to attach him to his government^ but more par- 
ticularly when he bared his breast to the storm that produc- 
ed the abdication of the Emperor Napoleon. 

The Author has cautiously avoided every description of 
remark, by way of panegyric ; the actions of the Marquis Lii 
Fayette, when fairly understood, are his highest possible 
eulogium. 

^^Jn^ compiling the Tour of General La Fayette through 
tu5 vnlted States, the Author acknowledges himself indebted 
to the several Gazettes of the country, and has given the de- 
scriptions generally, in the original language of the several 
writers, in order to preserve the true spirit of the scenes. 
For it is fully believed that no person could do justice to 
those proud triumphs, like those whose pens were inspired 
by the cheering spirit of the several occasions. 

The only merit the Author claims in the narrative of tht> 
Tour, is that of having selected the numerous detached de- 
scriptions, and arranged them in their present order : a task 
not altogether less arduous than to have written the whole 
narrative. 

In making this compilation it was found difficult to give the 
quotation marks, or editorial credits, because so many of 
the narratives are necessarily composed of detached descrip- 
tions from several Gazettes, and interwoven by the Author, 
so as to complete their unity ; it has been therefore judged 
most proper to give this general credit.* 

The Tour of General La Fayette exhibits to the world 
the proud triumphs of civil liberty ^ unparalleled in the an- 
nals of the world. 



* Iq doing this the Author has followed the example of the Author 
of the Boston Memoirs, 



CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER I. 

Page 

'J he descent and connections of La Fayette - 13 

The fiwours of the Court of Louis XVI - - 14 

Commencement of the American Revolution • *' 

iSession of the 2d Congress — they appoint Colonel 

George Washington as Commander in Chief of 

the American armies - - - - - *' 

General events of the war - - - 15 

Marquis La Fayette embarks for and arrives in America 17 

His reception by Congress and the Commander in Chief 18 

Battle of Brandy wine ----- 19 

Philadelphia taken by the British - . • «- 

Battle of Germantown - - - - - ** 

Marquis La Fayette vested with a Major General's 

command --.--_, go 

General Burgoyne taken with his whole army - " 

Treaty between America and France - - *' 

American commission^^rs accredited at the Court of % 

Versailles - - - - - -21 

French Minister sails for America, on board the Toulon fleet *' 

Expedition of the Marquis La Fayette - - 22 

Sir Henry Clinton evacuates Philadelphia - - *' 

Battle of Monmouth «< 

CHAPTER H. 

The Toulon fleet arrives in America from France and 

lands the Frei ch Minister, and arrives at Newport 23 
Marquis La Fayette detached to aid in the reduction of 

that place ----«« 

Battle off that port between the French and English 24 

Retreat of the Americans from before Newport - 26 
Resolution of Congress in favour of the Marquis La Fayette " 

General La Fayette's reply - - •* 

Remarks of General Washington - - 26 

1* 



6 COI^TENTS. 

Page 
Washington's letter to Congress r - 27 
La Fayette's letter to Congress - - " 
Resolves of Congress - - - 28 
The President's letter to the Marquis, and his reply 29 
General La Fayette sails for and arrives in France 30 
Letter of Dr. FrankUn to General La Fayette, accom- 
panied with a sword - - - '■' 
General La Fayette's reply - * - - 31 

CHAPTER III. 

General La Fayette succeeds in his negociations at Paris 32 

Embarks again for America ; arrives at Boston - " 

General Washington's letter to Congress - '* 

Resolve of Congress, and La Fayette's letter - 33 

Resolve of Congress - - - - " 

General La Fayette repairs to Head (Quarters ; writes to 

Samuel Adams - . - - 34 
Mr. Adams' reply - - - - 35 
Doings of Massachusetts General Court - - 3G 
Sir Henry Clinton's expedition to Charleston - " 
Fall of Charleston - . . - 40 
Southern war under Cornwallis and General Greene *' 
French armament arrives at Newport _ _ << 
General Washington meets the French officers at Hart- 
ford 42 

Treachery of Arnold - - - •' 

CHAPTER IV. 

General La Fayette detached to Virginia to catch Arnold 
— Borrows of the merchants at Baltimore 2000 

guinea?, to supply the army - - - 43 

Enters the lists with Lord Cornwallis ; general movements " 

General La Fayette's letter to General Greene - 44 

General Washington meets the French officers at Weth- 

ersfield - - - - - 40 

'Washington's letter to the Governors of the Northern 

States ,--.-" 

Count Rochambeau joins General Washington with the 

whole French army - - - *« 

Count de Grasse arrives at the Chesapeak from France 41 



CONTENTS. 7 

Poge 
General Washington puts in motion the whole allied 

army to co-operate in the conquest of Lord Cornwallis 47 

Battle off the mouth of the Chesapeak - - 48 

The allies form a junction at Williamsburg - '» 

Washington's general orders - - - 49 
Seige of Yorktovvn 

General Ln Fayette storms a redoubt - . 50 

Washington's general orders - - - a 

Fall of Yorktown, and capture of Cornwallis - 51 

Washington's general orders, and letter to Congress " 

Resolves of Congress - - - - 52 
General Washington repairs to Philadelphia — state of 

public feeling - - > . 53 

Address of Monsieur Bandole . - - "• 

CHAPTER V. 

Marquis La Fayette addresses a letter to Congress 55 
Resolves of Congress - - - - 56 
La Fayette's reply - - - - 57 
General La Fayette sails again for France - - <' 
His reception by the king, the Court, and the nation 6C 
His visit to the king of Prussia - - 59 
His letter to Sir Henry Clinton . . tt 
Sir Henry's reply - - - - 60 
The British evacuate New York - _ « 
General Washington resigns his commission - *< 
Defmitive treaty arrives from France , . c 
Genpral Washington invites General La Fayette to re- 
visit America - - - - 61 

CHAPTER VL 

The Marquis arrives at New York - - 6i 

Address and reply - - - - 62 

Visits General Washington at Mount Vernon - 63 

' Marquis arrives at Hartford on his way to Boston - 64 

Arrives at Watertown . - - - - 65 

Arrives in Boston . ... 67 

Resolves of Congress - - - 68 

Marquis La Fayette takes leave of Congress - 60 



^ CONTENTS. 

General La Fayette naturalized by the U. States generally 70 

GenenU La Fayette embarks at New York for France '• 

CHAPTER VII. 

General events of the French Revolution - 71 

Marquis La Fayette arrives in France - - 72 
The Marquis is called as a member of the Assembly of 

the Notables - - - - 73 
The king dissolves this Assembly and the Parliament of 

Paris check the measures of the king - '• 

The king orders the States General to be convened 74 

They resolve themselves into the National Assembly " 
Remarks of Marquis La Fayette as a member of the 

Assembly - - . . <t 

Letter of Marquis La Fayette - - 77 

General La Fayette's letter to the Legislative body 85 

Also to the king - - - - 89 

La Fayette's address to the National Assembly - 90 

General La Fayette's address to the army - 94 

The Assembly decree his arrest - - 95 

General La Fayette flees into exile . . <* 
is taken by the Austrians and delivered to the 

Prussians - - - - 97 
is delivered again to the Austrians, and im- 
prisoned at Olmutz - - 99 

CHAPTER VIIL 

Riots in Paris on the 2d of September - 101 

National Convention organized - - 102 

Trial of the king - - - - 103 

Execution of the king - - - 105 

Bloody scenes that followed in the Convention " 

Arrest and trial of the Queen - - - 106 

Execution of the Queen - - - 107 

General events that followed - - " 

CHAPTER IX. 

French Revolution continued - - 108 

War in La Vandee - - - - •' 

Revolution in Holland - - - 112 



CONTENTS. V 

CHAPTER X. 

Page 
Overtures of the American government for the libera- 
tion of General La Fayette - - 113 
President Washington's letter - - '' 
Speech of General Fitzpatric in the British House of 

Commons - - - - 114 

Plan of Count Lally Tolendal for the liberation of Mar- 
quis La Fayette - - - 117 
General Holstein's acco|int of Dr. Bollman's adventure ItO 

CHAPTER XL 

Bollman and Huger arrive at Olmutz, and attempt to res- 
cue General La Fayette - - 12-1 
Adventure ot Bollman and Huger continued '* 

CHAPTER XIL 

Tyranny of the Austrian Minister, Baron Thugut, and 

Count Saurau - - - ]33 

Sufferings of Francois Huber - - 1 34 

Adventures of General Holstein - - 135 

Fate of Passy, friend of the prisoners at Olmutz 140 

CHAPTER XIIL 

La Fayette, Bollman and Huger, arrested and imprison- 
ed at Olmutz - - - - 140 
Further sufferings of the prisoners - . <« 
Bollman and Huger liberated - - 147 

CHAPTER XIV. 

Baron de Schroter succeeds Count d'Arco, as governor 
of the castle of Olmutz - . . «< 

He gives some relief to the rigid confinement of La 

Fayette - - - - 14f> 

Adventures of the prison - - - " 

CHAPTER XV. 

Important events in France - • - 151 

Sketch of the character and suflferings of Madame La 

Fayette in France » - - 162 



10 CONTENTS. 

Page 

Madame La Fayette's liberation - - 153 

journey to Vienna, with her two daughters - 154 

interview with the Emperor of Austria - 155 

departure for Olmutz - - - 156 

interview with her husband in the prison of Olmutz, 

%vhere she remained with her two daughters, in 

close confinement ■ - - - 157 

CHAPTER XVI. 

General Holstein, under the fictitious name of Peter 
Felflmann, commissioned by La Fayette's friends at 
Hamburg, to repair to Olmutz and contribute to 
the relief of the prisoners - - 160 

His adventures at Olmutz - - 161 

CHAPTER XVH. 

General movements of the French armies - 166 

Rise of General Bonaparte - - - 168 

Campaign of Italy - - - - 169 

General operations of the campaign in Germany 1 72 

Peace of Campo Formio, by which the prisoners of 

Olmutz are to be set at liberty - - Ho 

CHAPTER XVIII. 

Conditions of liberation attempted to be imposed on La 
Fayette, and his two companions, by the Emperor 
of Austria - - - - ^"^ 

They all depart for Holstein 

CHAPTER XIX. 

Expedition from Toulon to Egypt - - " 

Battle of Aboukir - - - - 121 

Conquest of Egypt by Bonaparte ; return to France 
Revolution in the government of France, and return of 

General La Fayette and his family - - ISS 

CHAPTER XX. 

General La Fayette under the Consular government 1 83 

General La Fayette's interview with the Consul 

Address of General La Fayette to the First Consul 184 



178 



CONTENTS. n 

CHAPTER XXI. 

Page 
War between France and England, and Austria - 184 
New Revolution in the government of France - 187 
Russia joins the coalition against France - " 

General movements of the armies ; Battle of Austerlitz " 
Peace with Austria and Russia - - '^ 

Emperor Napoleon crowned king of Italy - 188 

Battle of Trafalgar - - - - '* 

New coalition against France — battle of Jena - 189 

Peace of Tilsit ; Berlin decree - - *« 

Treaty of Fontainbleau — Intrigues with Spain - 1 90 

Joseph Bonaparte upon the throne of Spain — War, &c. " 
Coalition of England and Austria against France-War, &c. 191 
General movements in the Austrian war - 192 

Peace with Austria — Continental system - 193 

General movements for the Russian war' - 194 

CHAPTER XXII. 

The Emperor Napeleon commences the Russian war 195 
General movements of the grand army - " 

Battle of Smolensk — of Borodino - - <' 

Destruction of IMoscow — Retreat of the French 197 

Flight of the Emperor Napoleon — Ruin of the French 

army - - - - 198 

Battle of Leipsic — Banishment of Napoleon — Restora- 
tion of the Bourbons ... qqq 
Recovery of the Emperor Napoleon — Battle of Wa- 
terloo - - . . . 201 
Napoleon in England - - - 202 

CHAPTER XXIII. 

Character of La Fayette by Madame de Stael 203 

Description of La Grange - - - 205 

Visit of Charles J. Fox - - - 206 

The tamily at La Grange - - - 208 

Death of M idame La Fayette - - 209 
Part taken by La Fayette at the abdication of Napoleon 210 

The family at La Grange continued - - 212 

La Fayette proposes to revisit America - 216 

Invitations to La Fayette - - - 217 

La Fayette embarks for America - - 221 



12 cbNTENTS. 

CONTEJVTS OF THE TOUR. 

CHAPTER I. 

Page 
Landing of the Nation's Guest at New-York — his visit 

to the Eastern States, in 1824 - .. 223 

CHAPTER H. 
Visit of La Fayette up the Hudson river - 238 

CHAPTER HI. 

The General commences his tour for Washington city 35 1 
Visit to the tomb of Washington - - 384 

Reception by Congress - - - 394 

CHAPTER IV. 

A summary of the Southern and Western Tour of 

the General, and his return to Boston - 399 

CHAPTER V. 

Reception of General La Fayette by the Legislature 

of Massachusetts - _ . 4(jt 

Proceedmgs at Bunker Hill - - - 404 

General La Fayette leaves Boston for Maine - 415 

CONCLUSION - - - - 416 

I. Portrait - - - - . - 

II. General La Fayette storming a redoubt at York- 
Town - - .■ ■ 
HI. Interview between La Fayette, wife, and two 

daughters, in the prison of Olmutz - 157 

IV. La Grange, or La Fayette's castle of residence 

in France - . . . 20!: 

V. Landing of General La Fayette at Castle Garden, 

in New York, 1824 ' - - - 225 






MEMOIRS 



OF THE 



MARQUIS DE LA FAYETTE. 



CHAPTER I. 

r-HE MARQUIS LA FAYETTE IN EARLY LIFE IN FRANCE, AND IN 
CONNECTION WITH THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION. 

Gilbert Mottie La Fayette, now marquis de la fayette, 
was born in France at the Chateau de Chavagnac, in the pro- 
vince of Auvergne, now department of Haute Loire, Sep- 
tember6th, 1757. He sprang from the ancient and illustri- 
ous family of Mottie, which, for several centuries past, he. 
added the name of La Fayette.* Early in the 15th century, 
the Marshal de La Fayette defeated and killed the Duke of 
Clarence at Beauge, and thus saved his country from falling 
entirely into the power of Henry V. of England. Another of 
his ancestors, though not in a direct line, Madame de La Fay- 
ette, the intimate friend and correspondent of Madame de 
Sevigne, and one of the most brilliant ornaments of th^ 
court of Louis XIV. was the first person who ever wrote a 
romance, relying for success on domestic character, and thus 
became the founder of the most popular department in mod- 
ern literature. His father fell in the battle of Munden, and 
therefore survived the birth of his son only two years. 
This elevated descent, with an inheritance of 200,000 francs 
per annum,! secured for him all the advantages of edu- 
cation peculiar to the higher ranks of life in France, which. 



* This name has long held a dislinguished rank in the nsilitaTy aud 
literary annals of France, 
t $40,000 a year. 

2 



14 MEMOIRS OF 

according to the fashion of the age, united a knowledge o! 
tactics with classical and polite literature. At the age of 
17 he became allied by marriage to the illustrious house de 
Noailles, which greatly increased his fortune and respecta- 
bility, and blest him with the happiest connubial enjoyments. 

Louis XVI. then filled the throne of France, and the dig- 
nity of his throne, was highly exalted by his recent alliance 
with the House of Austria, in his marriage to the Arch Duch- 
ess Maria Antoniette. The Queen had bestowed her favours 
upon young La Fayette, before his marriage, and introduced 
him into the number of her household ; and under her pat- 
ronage he obtained the rank of a commissioned officer. 

At this eventful period, the controversy between Great 
Britain and her North American colonies had arrived at the 
crisis, that shed the first blood at Lexington, and opened a 
civil war in America. This crisis interested the feelings and 
passions, as well as the politics, of the court of Versailles. 

France remembered that the peace of Paris, in 1763, had 
stripped her of all her vast possessions and prospects in 
America, and that her ancient enemy and rival had been 
enriched and strengthened by the acquisition ; she exulted in 
the quarrel between England and her colonies, and secretly 
fanned the fire. The colonies were not unmindful ot the 
feelings of France ; their sages and patriots had learned these 
fully in the struggles which they had experienced with the 
British crown, through a period of ten years, that led to the 
crisis now before them.* 

On the 1 9th of April, 1775, the war opened in America 
with the battle of Lexington. On the 10th of May, Ticon- 
deroga and Crown Point were taken by the Americans. — 
The same day the second general Congress met at Philadel- 
phia. 

On the 15th of June, Colonel George W^ashington was 
chosen, by Congress, Commander in Chief of the American 
armies. 



* Great Britain bad rommenced a system of duties on merchan, 
dize in America in 1764. She passed her famous Stamp Act in 1765, 
which the Americans so manfully resisted, that she repealed it in 1766. 
In 1767, Great Britain pursued her system of revenue in America, by 
duties on paper, glass, tea &c. which excited a spirit of oppositio 
that led to open hostiUtiea in 1775. 



LA FAYETTE. 15 

On the 2d of July, General Washington arrived at Cam- 
bridge and took the command : just 15 days from the date of 
his commission. 

On the 10th of September, General Washington detached 
Colonel Arnold, at the head of 1000 men, to penetrate into 
Canada, by the way of Kennebec river, and co-operate with 
General Montgomery in the capture of Quebec. 

On the 18th of October, the town of Falmouth, (Massa- 
chusetts,) was laid in ashes by the British. 

On the 1st of January, 1776, the British burnt Norfolk, 
in Virginia. 

On the 17th of March 1776, the British evacuated Boston. 

" On the 26th of June a powerful naval armament, under 

the command of Sir Henry Clinton, commenced an attack 

upon Charleston, (South CaroHna) ; but on the 28th they 

were repulsed with great loss and disgrace. 

At the same time, the British armament, from Boston, ar- 
rived at New York, by the way of Halifax, and were joined 
at the Hook by a fleet from England, under Lord Howe, on 
the 12th of July. 

On the 4th of July, Congress passed the Declaration of In- 
dependence. 

On the 27th of August, was fought the battle of Long Isl- 
and. 

On the 16th of September, General Washington evacuated 
New York, and General Howe took possession. 

On the 29th of October, was fought the battle of White 
Plains. 

On the 16th of November, the British stormed Fort 
Washington, and put the garrison to the sword. When Gen- 
eral Washington beheld the awful scene, he wept with the 
feelings of a compassionate father. The shock was felt with 
the keenest sensibihties throughout the American army ; 
General Lee wept with indignation, and cursed the unrelent- 
ing foe. 

General Greene abandoned Fort Lee on the 18th, and 
joined General Washington, with his garrison of 3000 men ; 
and on the 22d, General Washington retired to Newark.— 
General Howe pursued. General Washington continued to 
retire, and on the 8th of December, crossed the Delaware 
r%i Trenton, and secured the boats upon the river. The arr- 
Tfty of General Washington was now reduced to about 2000 
men. 



16 MEMOIRS OF 

While General Howe was delayed at Trenton, General 
Washington, by the aid of General Miflin, collected a body 
of Pennsylvania militia, and on the night of the 25th re-cros- 
sed the Delaware, and commenced an attack upon the British 
army, and took a regiment of Hessians, with all their camp 
equipage, &,c. General Washington followed up the blow, un- 
til General Howe was compelled to abandon New Jersey 
and return to New York. 

General Montgomery had penetrated into Canada by the 
tvay of lake Champlam in the autumn of 1775, and joined 
Colonel Arnold before Qiiebec. On the 31st of December, 
he attempted to carry the city by storm, and failed, with the 
loss of his life. The next season General Sullivan, (who htid 
succeeded General Montgomery) abandoned the siege of Q,ue- 
bec and retired out of Canada, before a superior British ar- 
my. General Carlton, at the head of the British army, made 
himself master of lake Champlain, which closed the cam- 
paign of 1776. 

Early in the year 1775, Congress sent Silas Dean to the 
court of Versailles, as agent in behalf of the colonies. — 
In December 1776, Dr. Franklin joined Mr. Deane at 
Paris. They were not acknowledged by the king in their 
diplomatic capacities ; but were courteously received in Pa- 
ris, and by the French people, as illustrious strangers ; and 
the cause of the American colonies, through their influence, 
was cordially cherished. Louis XVI. secretly furnished sup- 
plies of arms, amunition and clothing, for the American com- 
missioners, under cover of mercantile transactions, througli 
the House of Beaumarchais, and others, in Paris ; and 
while he secretly promoted the revolution in America, he 
held out the olive branch to Great Britain. Under this train 
of things the campaign had opened in America in 1776. 
Great Britain had hired of the Prince of Hesse Cassel 
^0,000 men and transported them to New York, to strength- 
en her army, and had put forth all her efforts to crush the 
rising colonies of America. 

At this eventful crisis, the character of Washington, the 
hero and father of his country began to interest the atten- 
tion of Europe, particularly th« maratime states of France, 
-Spain, and Holland. At this time, the young La Fayette, hav- 
ing matured his plans, by his intercourse with the American 
commissioners, resolved to tear himself away from the honors 



LA FAYETTE. IT 

Df the court, and the tenderest and most endearing ^cohnuLiall 
ties ; embark in the cause of suffering humanity, and shed 
his blood in the contest of freedom and the rights of man. — 
The sacrifices made by the Marquis La Fayette were truly 
great ; but the cause in which he engaged was great, and the 
champion that espoused it was exactly suited to the exigences 
of the times. He w is young and ardent in his feelings ; rich, 
and of noble descent ; possessed the confidence of the court 
and of the nation ; and his talents and zeal were fully ade- 
quate to the perilous enterprise. In short, the Marquis was 
ill all respects the character calculated to serve the best inter- 
ests of America in their fullest extent. 

When the Marquis announced his intention of embarking 
for America, the king openly opposed it, and the American 
commissioners had not funds to provide for his conveyance ; 
but these embarrassments served only to heighten his zeaL 
He hired a vessel at his own expence, and when he took 
leave of the American commissioners, at Paris, he thus ex- 
pressed himself: " Hitherto I have only cherished your 
cause : I now go to serve it." 

In the month of January, 1777, the Marquis La Fayette em- 
barked for America, at Passage, in Spain,* and arrived in 
Charleston, (South Carolina.) on the 19th of April. 

Charleston had suffered severely in the siege of June^ 
1776 ; these sufferings were the first objects that met the at- 
tention of the Marquis La Fayette on his arrival, and afforded 
him an opportunity to display his liberality. He purchas- 
ed clothing and arms for the garrison of fort Moultrie, and 
presented them through their commander, General Moultrie. 
The dignified zeal and deportment of this young stranger, 
cheered the hearts of the patriots of South Carolina, and great- 
ly interested the feelings of every description of character. 



* On the very borders of France and Spain, a leller de catchei 
overtook him, (by Ihe instigation of Lord Stormont, the English 
Ambassador,) and he was arres^d and carrrtd back to Bordeaux. 
There, of course, his enterprise was near being finally stopped ; but 
watching his opportunity , and assisted by one or two friends, he dis- 
guised himself as a courier, with his face blacked and false hair, and 
rode on, ordering post horses for a carriage which he had caused to 
follow him at a suitable distance for this very purpose, and thus fairly 
passed the frontiers of the two kingdoms, only three or. four hours be 
fore his pursuers reached them.— JV*or//i Afiteritan Eenieic. 
2» 



i8 MEMOIRS OF 

From Charleston, the Marquis repaired to Philadelphia, 
and presented to Congress the despatches of the American 
Commissioners, at Paris, and at the same time proffered his 
services, as a volunteer, in the cause of America,^ without 
compensation. Struck with admiration at such a display of 
disinterested magnanimity, Congress immediately accepted 
his services, by the following resolution, July 31st, 1777 : 

'* Whereas, the Marquis La Fayette, in consequence of his 
ardent zeal for the cause of liberty, in which the United 
States are engaged, has lelt his family and friends, and cros- 
sed the ocean, at his own expence, to offer his services to the 
said States, without wishing to accept of any pecuniary pay, 
whatever ; and as he earnestly desires to engage in our 
cause, Congress have resolved that his services be accepted, 
and that in consideration of his patriotism, his family, and il- 
lustrious relations, he shall hold the rank and commission of 
« Major General, in the army of the United States." 

At this time, the campaign of 1777 had been opened iiv 
America, under the following movements : General Burgoyne 
had succeeded General Carlton in the command of the forces 
in Canada, and had crossed lake Champlain, at the head of a 
well appointed British army of 10,000 men, taken Crown 
Point, and Ticonderoga, and was marching upon Albany, iir 
the style of a conqueror. Sir William Howe had embark- 
ed at New York with a strong armament, landed at the 
head of Chesepeak bay, and was marching upon Philadel- 
phia ; and General Washington had drawn off his army from 
1)efore New York, and marched to oppose him. The city of 
New York still remained the strong hold of the British army 
in America. 

The Marquis, now Major General La Fayette, repaired' 
immediately to head quarters, near Brandywine Creek, 
r Delaware,) and presented himself to his Excellency the 
Commander in Chief of the American armies, by whom he 
was kindly received, and cordially welcomed. At the same 
time, he presented to his E«iellency the sum of 60,000 
francs, for the public service.* 

On the morning of the 1 Ith September, General Howe 



BostoB Memoirs. 



LA FAYETTE, i9 

advanced upon the American army with his whole force, and 
commenced the action of Chadd's-ford. General Washing- 
ton met the enemy with a firm determination to oppose his 
passage, and thus cover Philadelphia. The action became 
warm and bloody, and General La Fayette displayed great 
talents, zeal and fidelity, in the cause he had so nobly es- 
poused, and at the head of his brave troops received a sev^ere 
wound in his ancle, early in the engagement ; but he wrap- 
ped it up with his sash, and kept his station until the actios 
was closed, and General Washington had taken his position 
upon the heights in his rear. 

So pleased was his Excellency with the conduct of the 
young General, that in his communications to Congress, he 
thus expressed himself: *' From the disposition that Gen- 
eral Layette discovered at the battle of Brandywine, he pos- 
sesses a large share of bravery, and military ardour.'* 

General Washington fell back upon Philadelphia ; General 
Howe advanced, and on the 26th, after various skirmishings, 
he entered the city ; but the main body of the British army 
took post at Germantown, 7 miles north of Philadelphia* 

On the 4th of October, General Washington surprised 
the British army at Germantown, and gained advantages 
that promised a signal victory ; but a thick fog suddenly 
arose and parted the combatants, and General Howe drew 
off his army to Philadelphia, where he was closely investetl 
through the winter. 

The action of Germantown drew forth this shrewd r**- 
mark from Dr. Franklin : — Not that Howe had taken Phil- 
adelphia, but '* that Philadelphia had taken Howe." 

As soon as the wound of General La Fayette was healed, 
he joined General Greene in New Jersey, and at the head 
of a body of militia attacked and defeated a body of Hes- 
sians. General Greene in his letter to General Washington » 
thus expressed himself : 

" The Marquis La Fayette, with about 400 militia, and 
the rifle corps ^ attacked the enemy's picquet last evening, 
killed about twenty, wounded many more, and took about 
twenty prisoners. The Marquis is charmed with the be- 
haviour of the militia and rifle corps ; they drove the ene 
my until dark. The enemy's picquet consisted of about 300, 
and were reinforced during the skirmish. The Marquis iss 
determined to be in the way of dangero" 



^0 MEMOIRS OF 

This commaoication of General Greene was transmitted 
by General Washington to Congress, soon after, with a re- 
quest, *' that the Marquis might.be vested with an immediate 
command, agreeable to his rank." The request was soon 
after granted, and the Marquis was authorized to select for 
his immediate command, a corps of young men, consisting ot 
1200 ; it was soon after augmented to 2000. 

His military career, as Major General, now commenced : 
and such was his zeal, activity and courage, that his every 
movement endeared him to the army, and called forth fresh 
proofs of affection from the Commander in Chief ; he soon 
acquired the appellation of " Washington's adopted son." 

General La Fayette devoted himself to training and dis- 
ciplining his troops, and as a proof of his aifection, he pre- 
sented each of his officers with an elegant new sword, and 
each of his soldiers with clothing, arms, and accoutrements, 
complete, at his own private expense. His division soon 
became the flower of the American army. 

On the 17th of October, General Burgoyne surrendered 
to General Gates the whole British army under his com- 
mand, at Saratoga, State of New York, which closed the 
campaign of the north, gloriously. 

On the 1st of December, the ship Alamand arrived from 
Marseilles, in France, with 48 pieces of brass cannon (4 
pounders) with carriages complete ; 19 nine-inch mortars : 
2500 nine-inch bombs ; 2000 four-pound balls ; a quantity 
of intrenching tools ; 3000 fusees — 1 1 10 for dragoons ; 18000 
pounds of gun-powder ; and 6 1 ,000 pounds of brimstone ; 
from the House of de Beaumarchais. This seasonable sup- 
ply was then supposed to have been purchased by the Amer- 
ican commissioners ; but has since been found to have been 
forwarded by the order of the king, as a mark of his royal 
favour. Although the Marquis La Fayette had now been in 
America about nine months, yet an intimate connection coup- 
led this act of royal munificence with the services of the 
Blarquis. 

On the 16th of December, Mr. Gerard, the French min- 
ister, presented to the American commissioners the prehm- 
inaries of a treaty between the two nations, and on the 16th 
of February, 1778, the treaty was signed, which produced 
great excitement in the councils of Great Britain. On the 
*31st of March, the Ameiican conamissioners "weve admitted t© 



LA FAYETTE. 21 

a public audience at the Court of Versailles, and presented 
to his Majesty, by Mr. Vergennes, the French minister, in 
character of the Ministers Plenipotentiaries of the United 
States of America. On the 13th of April, the Toulon fleet, 
consisting of twelve ships of the line and four 'frigates, sail- 
ed fo«- America, bearing Mr. Gerard, as minister to the U. 
States. In the same month, the American Commissioners 
transmitted the news of the treaty to Congress, by the 
French frigate* La Sensible ; and on the 5th of May, General 
Washington announced it to the army, at Valley Forge. The 
joy inspired by this treaty, was felt by Congress, the army, 
and the nation, like a shock of electricity, and produced new- 
movements in the war. 

On the 7th May, General Howe detached a battalion oi 
infantry from Philadelphia, to destroy the skipping and stores 
at Bordentown ; the enterprise succeeded, and the enemy 
destroyed two frigates, nine large ships, six privateers of from 
10 to 16 guns each, twenty-three brigs, besides several sloops 
and schooners, together with provisions, camp equipage, mil- 
itary stores, &c. to a large amount. 

At this .eventful moment. Sir Henry Clinton arrived at 
Philadelphia, with orders to succeed General Howe in the 
command of the British army. On the 18th, the British 
officers took leave of Sir William Howe, by honouring him 
with a magniticent entertainment, that continued 12 hours, 
accompanied with a most splendid exhibition of fireworks, 
&LC. ; and his Excellency retired to England, 

General Washington detached the Marquis La Fayette, 
from his camp at Valley-forge, with about 2500 men, to ap- 
proach the city of Philadelphia, and add, if possible, to the 
amusements of the scene. The Marquis promptly obeyed, 
crossed the Schuylkill, and took post on Barren hill, 12 
miles in advance of the American army, and within view of 
the city of Philadelphia. Sir Henry Clinton soon learned 
the situation of the Marquis, and on the night of the 19th, 
detached General Grant, with about 7000 men, with field 
pieces, to surprise the Marquis, and cut off his retreat. 
General Grant marched out upon the Frankfort road, cros- 
sed over through the old York and White marsh-roads, and 
entered the road that led to Barren hill, about two miles in 
the rear of the Marquis. Sir Henry, at the same time, sent 
another detachment to engage the Marquis in front. The 



23 jy^MOIRS OF 

Marquis soon learned the movements of the enemy, and 
filed off his detachment, with such adroitness that he gain- 
ed the Matron Ford, (distant one mile,) and crossed over 
before the enemy were prepared to push their attack, and 
thus eluded the enemy, and saved his detachment. General 
Washington, in his letter to Congress, -pronounced this *' a 
timely and handsome retreat." 

On the 18th of June, Sir Henry Clinton, agreeable to or- 
ders from his court, evacuated the city of Philadelphia, and 
put the whole British army in motion, to return to New 
York. The American army, under General Washington, 
followed close in their rear. The two armies were each 
about 10,000 strong. On the 21st, General Washington de- 
tached General Wayne, with 1000 chosen troops, to rein- 
force General Maxwell's advance guard, and directed the 
Marquis La Fayette to advance and take command of the 
whole. 

On the night of the 25th, General Washington moved 
forward his army from Kingston, and arrived at Cranbury 
early the next morning, where they were detained by heavy 
rains, through the day, and the Marquis was ordered to 
check his pursuit, and file off to the left, towards English- 
town, which he accomplished on the 27th. The next day 
General Washington ordered General Lee, with a strong de- 
tachment, to reinforce the advance guard, and take the com- 
mand, with instructions to commence an attack. General 
Washington put his whole army in motion, at the same time, 
to support General Lee. A skirmishing ensued ; but the 
doubtful niovements of General Lee prevented a general 
action. The enemy suffered severely, and the American 
troops lay on their arms through the night, impatient for the 
attack the next morning ; but Sir Henry withdrew his army 
in the night, and made his escape to Sandy-FIook, in order 
to embark his army for New York. The extreme heat of 
the weather rendered a pursuit, by forced marches, imprac- 
ticable ; General Washington therefore detached a strong 
party of light troops to watch the motions of the enemy, and 
drew off his army to the North River, to cover the fortress 
at West Point. 

General La Fayette acquitted himself so honorably in this 
whole affair at Monmouth, that he merited, and received, 
the commendations of the Commander in Chief. 



LA FAYETTE. 43 



CHAPTER XX. 

TH2 MARQUIS -LA FAYETTE, IN CONNECTION WITH THE AMERI- 
CAN REVOLUTION, CONTINUED. 

On the 8th of July, Count De Estaing entered the Capes 
of the Delaware, with the Toulon fleet, after a passage of 
87 days. Lord Howe had been gone only ten days from 
Philadelphia, and Sir Henry Clinton had evacuated that city 
just twenty days before, and was then embarking his army 
at Sandy Hook, for New York. 

The French fleet was about double the force of the Eng- 
lish, both in number of ships and weight of metal. 

Count De Estaing landed Mr. Gerard, French minister to 
the United States, who was most cordially and respectfully 
received by Congress, and on the 9th, sailed for Sandy- 
Hook, where he arrived on the 11th, and blockaded the 
English squadron in the harbour. All possible efforts were 
made by Count De Estaing to attack the English fleet, but 
he found it impracticable to cross the bar with his heavy 
ships. On the 22d, agreeable to advice from General Wash- 
ington, he set sail for Newport, to co-operate with Generals 
Sullivan and Greene, in destroying the British fleet and army 
at Rhode Island. 

Admiral Byron's fleet arrived at Sandy-Hook a few days 
after the French fleet had sailed, in a broken, sickly, dis- 
masted and distressed situation ; but the Cork provision 
ships arrived at New York in good order. 

Count De Estaing arrived off Point Judith on the 29th of 
July, and Geneial Sulhvan waited upon the Count to concert 
measures of mutual co-operation. General Washington, at 
the same time, detached4he Marquis La Fayette, with 2000 
men, to co-operate in the reduction of Rhode Island, which 
augmented the torce of General Sullivan to 10,000 men 

Sir Robert Pigot, who commanded at Newport, received 
a reinforcement of five battalions, which rendered his force 
about 6000 strong. Thus balanced, the parties commenced 
their operations. 

Count De Estaing entered the harbour of Newport with 
his fleet, on the 8th of August, without opposition ; General 
Pi^ot had ordered the British armed vessels at Newport t» 



24 MEI^OIRS OB^ 

be destroyed on the 5th, te prevent their falling into the 
hands of the enemy ; they consisted of four frigates, and 
several smaller vessels. 

On the 9th, at eight in the morning, General Sullivan be- 
gan to cross with his army, from Tiverton, and the enemy 
abandoned their works at the north end of the island. At 
two in the afternoon, Lord Howe appeared off Point Judith, 
with a fleet of twenty-five sail of the line, and came to an- 
chor for the night. 

On the 10th, Count De Estaing, eager to meet the enemy, 
took advantage of the wind and put to sea. The two fleets 
manoeuvered through the day, without coming to action. 
On the 11th, a violent gale commenced, which continued 
through the 12th and 13th, and parted the fleets ; dismasted 
the French admiral's ship, destroyed her rudder, and greatly 
damaged several others. On the 14th, the gale abated, and 
close and severe actions commenced between several single 
ships of the two fleets, in which both were much damaged ; 
but nothing decisive took place. 

The Count collected six of his ships, covered his disabled 
ones, stood in for Newport, and came to anchor. General 
Greene and the Marquis La Fayette waited upon the Admiral 
en board his ship, and pressed him to enter the harbour again, 
and complete the enterprise ; but the fleet was so shattered 
by the storm, and the officers were generally so averse, that 
the Count declined, and soon after he weighed anchor and 
stood for Boston. 

The troops under General Sullivan had gained the north 
end of the island, advanced upon the enemy's lines, and 
were in readiness to co-operate with the French fleet ; but 
their sufferings were so severe in the storm, that the army 
was in a deplorable state, and had General Pigot known their 
situation, anattackmust have provecfruinous. On the 15th, 
the troops had recovered their misfortunes, and waited with 
anxious impatience to act in concert with the fleet, until the 
24th, when to their grief and astonishment, they saw them 
weigh anchor and set sail for Boston. The mortification of 
General Sullivan was greater than the pride of an American 
soldier could sustain, and he expressed himself unguardedly 
in his general orders on the occasion. 

The Marquis La Fayette, accompanied by General Haa- 
cock, at the request of Generals Sullivan and Greene, re- 



LA FAYETTE. 25 

paired to Boston to confer with the Count De Estaing, and 
\£ possible, persuade him to return to his station. 

When General Sullivan had learned that all further co-op- 
eration from the Count must be abandoned, he made his ar- 
rangements to withdraw the troops from the island. At the 
same time, he received advice from General Washington, that 
the enemy at Newport would soon be reinforced. Great 
address now became necessary to effect a retreat, in the 
presence of an enemy, flushed with the delivery they had 
60 recently experienced, and the flattering prospects before 
them. But General Sullivan, with the assistance of General 
Greene and the Marquis La Fayette, who had now returned 
from Boston, conducted this, in the presence of an enemy, 
whose sentinels were not more than 400 yards distant from 
those of the Americans ; and on the first of. September, the 
retreat was effected, without the loss of a man, or any part 
of his artillery or baggage. 

The Marquis La Fayette acquitted himself so honourably* 
m this affair, that Congress passed the following resolution* 
expressive of their approbation of his conduct : 

" In Congress, September 9th, 1778--Resolved, That the 
President be requested to inform the Marquis La Fayette, that 
Congress have a due sense of the sacrifice he made of his 
personal feelings, in undertaking a journey to Boston, with a 
view of promoting the interests of these States, at a time when 
an occasion was daily expected of acquiring glory m the 
field ; and that his gallantry in gomg a volunteer to Rhode 
Island, when the greatest part of the army had retreated, and 
his good conduct in bringing off the picquets and out-sentries, 
deserves particular approbation." 

The President of Congress communicated this resolve to 
The Marquis, in a polite note ; to which the Marquis made the 
following reply : 

" Sir — I have received your favour of the 13th instant, ac- 
quainting me with the honor Congress has been pleased to 
confer upon me, by their most gracious resolve. Whatever 
pride such approbation may justly give me, 1 am not less af- 
fected by the feelings of gratitude, and that satisfaction of 
thinking my endeavours were ever looked upon as useful in 
the cause in which my heart is so deeply interested. Be so 
3 



26 x>I£!MOIRS OF 

good, Sir, as to present to Congress, my plain and hearty 
thanks, with a frank assurance of a candid attachment, the 
only one worth being offered to the representatives of a free 
people. The moment I heard of America I loved her ; the 
moment I knew she was fighting for liberty I burnt with a de- 
sire of bleeding for her ; and the moment I shall be able to 
serve her, at any time, or in any part of the world, will be 
the happiest of my life. I never so much as wished for oc- 
casions of deserving those obliging sentiments I am honored 
with by these States, and their representatives ; and that so 
flattering confidence as they have been pleased to put in me, 
filled my heart with the warmest acknowledgments, and most 
eternal affection. I pray you to accept my thanks, for the 
polite manner in which you have communicated the resolve 
o{ Congress ; and I have the honour to be, kc. <. 

LA FAYETTE." 

Agreeable to notice given to General Sullivan, by General 
Washington, Lord Howe appeared off Newport, with the 
British fleet, and a reinforcement of 4000 troops ; but learn- 
ing that the American army had made good their retreat, he 
sailed for Boston, and on the 3d September appeared off the 
mouth of the harbour ; but finding the French fleet safely 
moored within the harbour, hedetached a part of the fleet 
upon a marauding expedition, and returned himself, the next 
day, to New York. 

*' It is not a little pleasing, nor less wonderful," said Gen- 
eral Washington in one of his letters, " to contemplate, that 
after two years manoeuvering, and undergoing the strangest 
vicissitudes, that perhaps ever attended any one contest, 
since the creation, both armies are brought to the very 
point they set out from, and the offending party in the be- 
ginning, is brought to the spade and pick-ax, for defence. 
The hand of Providence is so conspicuous in all this, that 
he must be worse than an infidel, that lacks faith, and more 
than wicked, that has not gratitude enough to acknowledge 
his obligations." 

The failure of the expedition against Newport, led Gen- 
eral Washington and the Marquis La Fayette clearly to fore- 
see, that unless some more specific arrangement could be 
made with the French Court, for the command of such ar- 
maments as might in future be sent to the aid of America, no 



LA FAYETTE. 27 

operations could be relied upon with any degree of cer- 
tainty. To effect such an arrangement, it was agreed that 
the Marquis La Fayette should return to France, at the 
close of the campaign, and General Washington wrote the 
following letter to the President of Congress accordingly : 

''Headquarters, Oct. 6thy 1778. 

Sir — This will be delivered to you by Major General the 
Marquis La Fayette. The generous motives that first in- 
duced him to cross the Atlantic, and enter the army of the 
United States, are well known to Congress. Reasons equal- 
ly laudable, now engage his return to France, which in her 
present circumstances, claims his services. His eagerness 
to offer his duty to his Prince and country, however great, 
could not induce him to quit the continent, in any stage of 
an unfinished campaign. He resolved to remain, at least, 
till the close of the present, and embraces this moment of 
suspense, to communicate his wishes to Congress, with a 
view of having the necessary arrangements made in time, 
and of being still within reach, should any occasion offer 
for his distinguishing himself in the field. The Marquis, at 
the same time, from a desire of preserving a relation with 
us, and the hope of having it yet in his power to be useful, 
as an American officer, solicits only a furlough, sufficient for 
the purpose above mentioned. A reluctance to part with 
an officer, who unites to all the fire of youth an uncommon 
maturity of judgment, would lead me to prefer his being ab- 
sent on this footing, if it depended on me. I shall always be 
happy to give such a testimony of his services, as hisbrave» 
ry and conduct on all occasions, entitle him to ; and I have 
no doubt that Congress will add suitable' expressions of his 
merit, and of their regret on account of his departure. 
I have the honor to be &;c. 

GEORGE WASHINGTON." 

The Marquis took leave of his beloved General, at his 
quarters, at Fishkill, October 6th, 1778, and repaired imme- 
diately to Philadelphia, where he opened his business to Con- 
gress by the following letter : 

*' Philadelphia, October Sth, 1778. 

Whatever care I should take not to employ the precious; 
instants of Congress in private considerations, I beg leave: 
lO lay before them my present circumstances, with that con- 



£8 MEMOIRS OF 

fidence that naturally springs fi^om aflfection and gratitude.— - 
The sentiments that bind me to my country, can never be 
more properly spoken of, than in the presence of men, who 
have done so much for their own. As long as I thought I 
could dispose of myself, I made it my pride to fight under 
American colours, in defence of a cause which I dare more 
particularly to call ours, because I had the good fortune of 
bleeding for her. Now that France is involved in a war, I 
am led, by a sense of duty, as well as of patriotism, to pre- 
sent myself before my king, and know in what manner he 
chooses to employ my services. The most agreeable of all 
will always be such as to serve the common cause, among 
those whose friendship I had the happiness to obtain, 
and whose fortune I had the honor to follow in less smiling 
times. That reason, and others, which I leave to the feel- 
ings of Congress, engage me to beg from them the liberty 
of going home the next winter. 

As long as there were any hopes of an active campaign f 
did not think of leaving the field. Now that I see a peacea- 
ble and undisturbed moment, I take this opportunity of wait- 
ing on Congress. If my request is granted, I shall so man- 
age my departure, as to be certain, before going, that the 
campaign is really over. Inclosed you will receive a letter 
from his Excellency, General Washington, wherein he ex- 
presses his assent, to my obtaining leave of absence. I dare 
flatter myself, that I shall be considered as a soldier on fur- 
lough, who most heartily wants to join again his colours. — - 
Should it be thought that I can in any. way be useful to Amer- 
ica, when I am aa*ongst my countrymen, I hope I shall aT 
ways be considered, as one most interested in the welfare of 
these United States, and one who has the most perfect affer- 
tion, regard, and confidence for their representatives. 
With the highest regard &:c. 

LA FAYETTE." 

Congress took the request of the Marquis into their mos? 
serious consideration, and passed thereon the following re- 
solves : 

" In Congress, October 21st, 1778— Resolved, That tho 
Marquis La Fayette, Major General in the service of the 
United States, have leave to go to France ; and that he return 
at such time as shall be most convenient to him. 



LA FAYETTE. 20 

Resolved, That the President write a letter to the Mar- 
quis La Fayette, returning him the thanks of Congress for 
that disinterested zeal, which led him to America, and for thf 
services he has rendered to these United States, by the ex- 
ertion of his courage and abilities, on many signal occasions. 

Resolved, That the Minister Plenipotentiary of the United 
States, at the Court of Versailles, be directed to cause an el- 
egant sword, with proper devices, to be made, and presented, 
in the name of the United States, to the Marquis La Fay- 
ette." * 

The President, agreeable to his instruction, inclosed the 
foregoing resolves, to the Marquis La Fayette in the follow- 
ing letter : 

'' Philadelphia, October 24tk, 1778. • 

Sir — I had the honor of presenting to Congress your lettei 
soliciting leave of absence : I am directed by them to express? 
their thanks for your zeal in promoting that just cause in 
which they are engaged, and for the disinterested services 
you have rendered to the United States of America. 

In testimony of the high esteem and affection, in which 
you are held by the good people of these States, as well as ac- 
knowledgement of your gallantry and military talents, dis- 
played on many signal occasions, their representatives in 
Congress assembled, have ordered an elegant sword to be 
presented to you, by the American Minister at the Court 8f 7 
Versailles. Inclosed within this cover, will be found the 
acts of Congress of the 21st instant, authorising these de- 
clarations, and granting a furlough for your return to France, 
to be extended at your pleasure. I pray God to bless and 
protect you ; to conduct you in safety to the presence of 
your Prince, and to the re-enjoyment of your noble family, 
and friends. 

I have the honor to be, kc. 

H. LAWRENS.^^ 

The following reply of the Marquis will shew the feehng? 
of his heart : 

''Philadelphia, October 26th, 1778. 
Sir — I have received your Excellency's obliging letter,* en- 
closing the several resolutions Congress have honored me 
with, and the leave of absence they have been pleased tc 
grant. Nothing can make me happier,«^than the reflection 
3* 



30 MEMOIRS OF 

tliat my sein^ices have met with their approbation. Thr 
glorious testimonial of confidence and satisfaction respecttill 
ly bestowed upon me, by the representatives of America, 
though much superior to my merit, cannot exceed the great 
ful sentiments they have excited. I consider the noble pres- 
ent offered to me in the name of the United States, as the 
oiost flattering honor. It is my most fervent desire, soon to 
employ that sword in their service, against the common ene- 
my of my country, and their faithful and beloved allies.— 
That liberty, safety, wealth, and concord, may ever extend, 
and bless these United States, is the earnest wish of a heart 
glowing with a devoted zeal and unbounded love for them, 
and the most sincere affection for their representatives. 

Be pleased, Sir, to present my thanks to them, and accept 
yourself the assurances of my most respectful attachment, 

LA FAYETTE.'^ 

The Marquis La Fayette repaired soon after to BostoL 
embarked for France, and arrived in Parrs on the llth oi 
February, 1779, where he was received by his Majesty 
With a cordial welcome. 

The Marquis early communicated to his Majesty, and to 
the Minister of State, the Count de Vergennes, the object 
of his visit, and clearly pointed out to them the necessity' of 
giving more effectual aid to the United States, and of placing 
that aid under the immediate direction of Congress, and the 
Commander in Chief. The example of the Count De Esta- 
ing was before them, and. the Ministry, as well as the King, 
were fully impressed with the weight of the argument, and 
liis Majesty signified his pleasure, that more considerable 
forces and supplies, should be sent to America. The Min- 
ister issued orders for the equipment of an armament, des- 
tined for the American service, and disposal of Congress, 
and the Commander in Chief. 

When the Minister of the United States had procured a 
sword, agreeable to the resolve of Congress, he forwarded 
|f, to the acceptance of the Marquis La Fayette, then at 
Havre, accompanied with the following letter : 

"Passy, Aug. 24th, 1779. 

Sir — The Congress, sensible of your merit towards the 
United States, but unable adequately to reward it, deter- 
mined to present you with a sword, as a small mark of their 



LA FAYETTE. 31 

grateful acknowledgmentg. They directed it to be orna^ 
merited with suitable devices. Some of the principal ac 
tions of the war, in which you distinguished yourself by 
your bravery and conduct, are represented upon it. These, 
with a few emblematical figures, all admirably executed, 
make its principal value. By the help of the exquisite ar- 
tists France affords, I find it easy to express every things 
but the sense we have of your worth, and our obligations to 
you. For this, figures, and even words, are found insuffi- 
cient. I therefore only add, that with the most perfect es- 
teem, I have the honour to be, &c. 

B. FRANKLIN." 

To the above the Marquis returned the following reply 

''Havre, Aug., 29th, 1779. 
Sir — Whatever expectations might have been raised from 
ihe sense of past favors, the goodness of the U. States for 
me has ever been such, that on every occasion it far sur- 
passes any idea I could have conceived. A new proof oi 
that flattering truth, I find in the noble present, which Con- 
gress have been pleased to honour me with, and which is 
offered in such a manner by your Excellency, as will ex- 
ceed any thing, but the feelings of my unbounded gratitude-r 
Some of the devices I cannot help finding too honourable u 
reward for those slight services, in concert with my fellow 
soldiers, and under the god-like American hero's orders, I 
had the good fortune to render. The sight of these actions, 
where I was a witness of American bravery and patriotic 
spirit, I will ever enjoy with the pleasure that ^becomes » 
heart glowing with love for the nation, and the most ardeni 
zeal for their glory and happiness. 

Assurances of gratitude, which I beg leave to present U> 
your Excellency, are much inadequate to my feelings, and 
nothing but those sentiments may properly acknowledge 
your kindness towards me. The polite manner in whicli 
Mr. Franldin was pleased to present that inestimable sword, 
lays me under great obfigations to him, and demands my par- 
ticular thanks. 

With the most perfect respect, I hare the honour to be, &c 

LA FAYETTE/' 



MEMOIRS OF 



CBAPTSR X». 

THE MARQUIS LA FAYETTE, IN CONNECTION WITH THE AMERI- 
CAN REVOLUTION, CONTINUED 

The Marquis La Fayette devoted himself to the best inter- 
ests of the United States with as much zeal and assiduity in 
France, as he had done in America. He secured the inter- 
est and confidence of the king, the ministry, and the nation, 
in the cause of America, and brought them clearly to see. 
that more immediate and effectual aid must be sent out to 
the United States. The reputation he had at Court, before 
he left France, added to the influence of his noble family, 
and the reputation he had acquired in America, enabled him 
to accomplish all the objects of his mission, to his satisfaction. 

In the spring of 1780, the Marquis La Fayette, by per- 
mission of the king, embarked for America, and arrived at 
Boston some time in April, and proceeded immediately to 
Head Qjuarters, where he was received by the Commander 
in Chief, with that joy and affection, that is known only to 
!»uch Idndred souls. The Marquis announced to General 
Washington, that a strong armament would soon follow him 
from France. From Head Quarters, he proceeded directly 
to Philadelphia, where he was received by Congress with 
those markg of distinction and regard, to which his constant 
and indefatigable zeal, in support of the American cause, as 
well as his signal services, gave him such just pretensions. 
The tidings he brought from France cheered the hearts of 
Congress^ the Commander in Chief, and of the army, and the 
nation. New energies and new efforts kindled in every breast. 

The following letter of General Washington accompanying, 
the Marquis LaFayette, to Congress, will shewthe sense he en- 
tertained of his services, as well as the emotions of his heart. 

" H&ad Quarters y Morristown, May I3th, 1780. 
Sir — The Marquis La Fayette does me the honour to take 
charge of this note, i am persuaded Congress will partici- 
pate in the joy I feel at the return of a gentleman, who has 
so signally distinguished himself in the service of this coun- 
try ; who has given so many and such decided proofs of his at- 
tachment to its interests ; and who ought to be dear to it by 
every motive. The warm friendship I have for him, con- 



LA FAYETTE. 33 

spires, with considerations of public utility, to afford me a 
double satisfaction in his return. During the time he has 
been in France, he has uniformly manifested the same zeal 
in our affairs, which animated his conduct while among us ; 
and has been, upon all occasions, an essential friend to Amer- 
ica. He merits, and I doubt not Congress will give him. 
every mark of consideration and regard in their power. 
I have the honor to be kc. 

GEORGE WASHINGTON. 
To his Excellency the President of Congress." 

This letter had the desired effect, and produced in Congress 
the following resolve : 

" In Congress, May 16th, 1780— Resolved, ThatCongres.^ 
consider the return of the Marquis La Fayette to America, 
to resume his command in the army, as a fresh proof of the 
distinguished zeal, and deserving attachment, which have 
justly recommended him to the public confidence and ap- 
plause ; and that they receive with pleasure, a tender of fur- 
ther services of so gallant and meritorious an officer." 

When this resolution of Congress was communicated to the 
Marquis he addressed to Congress the following letter : 

''Philadelphia, May I6th, 1780. 

Sir — After so many favours, which on every occasion, 
and particularly at my obtaining leave of absence. Congress 
were pleased most graciously to bestow on me, 1 dare pre- 
sume myself entitled to impart to them the private feelings 
\vliich I now so happily experience. 

In an early epoch in our noble contest, I gloried in 
the name of an American soldier, and heartily enjoy the 
honor I have of serving the United States ; my satisfac- 
tion is, at this long wished-for moment, entirely complete, 
when putting an end to my furlough, I have been able again 
to join my colours, under which I hope for opportunities oi 
indulging the ardent zeal, the unbounded gratitude, the warm, 
and I might say, the patriotic love, by which I am forever 
bound to America. 

I beg you. Sir, to present Congress with new assurance of 
my personal respect, and my grateful and affectionate senti- 
ments. I have the honor to be, &c. 

LA FAYETTE, 

To hisExcelhncy the President of Congress." 



34 MEMOIRS OF 

The Marquis had negociated for America, at the French 
Court, and obtained 8uppUes adapted to her wants, and now 
announced that a fleet and armament would soon follow him 
from France. 

Congress immediately resolved, " that bills, to the amount 
of £25,000 be drawn on Dr. Franklin, Minister at the 
Court of France, and that bills to the same amount be drawn 
on Mr. Jay, Minister at the Court of Spain, and the money 
be applied to the immediate use of the armies." Extensive 
arrangements were immediately made to fill up the armies by 
regulars and militia ; extensive supplies were collected, and 
preparations made for a vigorous campaign. 

The Marquis La Fayette repaired again to Head Quarters, 
where he soon, was intrusted with the command of a select 
corps of the Light Infantry, of the continental army. This 
afforded him a new opportunity for the display of his munifi- 
cence. He presented each officer of the corps with an ele- 
gant sword ; and the soldiers were clothed in uniform, prin- 
cipally at his expense. He infused into this corps a spirit of 
pride and emulation ; viewing it as one formed according to 
liis own wishes, and worthy of his entire confidence. They 
were the pride of his heart, and he the idol of their regard ; 
constantly panting for an opportunity of performing some sig- 
nal achievment, worthy of his and their own characters. The 
corps was probably equal for discipline and bravery, to any 
in the world. 

On the 30th of May, the Marquis addressed the following 

letter to Mr. Samuel Adams : 

• 

" Dear Sir — Had I known that I should have the pleasure 
of meeting you at Boston, and holding confidential conversa- 
tions with you on public and private matters, I should have 
anticipated the uneasiness I was put under by the obligation 
of secrecy, or previously obtained the leave of breaking 
that so strict law in your favor. Now, my dear sir, that Con- 
gress have set my tongue at liberty, at least for such men as 
Mr. Samuel Adams, I will, in referring you to a public letter 
from the committee of Congress, indulge my private feelings 
in imparting to you some confidential ideas of mine on our 
present situation. 

As momentary visits did not entirely fulfil the purpose of 
freeing America, Fra^ice thought they would render them 



LA FAYETTE. x. 

selves more useful, if a naval and land force were sent for 
co-operating with our troops, and by a longer stay on the 
coast of the continent, would give to the States, a fair oppor- 
tunity of employing all their resources. The expectations 
are very sanguine at Versailles, and ought to be more so, 
when that letter shall be received, by which you know Con- 
gress engaged to furnish on their part, Jive and twenty thousand 
Continental troops, that are to take the Jicld by the beginning 
of the spring. 

On the other hand, my dear sir, all Europe have their eyes 
upon us : they know nothing of us, but by our own reports, 
and our first exertions, which have heightened their esteem ; 
and by the accounts of the enemy, or those of some dissatis- 
fied persons, which were calculated to give them a quite dif- 
ferent opinion ; so that, to fix their own minds, all the na- 
tions are now looking at us ; and the consequence of Ameri- 
ca, in the eyes of the world, as well as its liberty and happi- 
ness, must depend upon the ensuing campaign. 

The succour sent by France, I thought to be very impor- 
tant, when at Versailles : now that I am on the spot, 1 know 
it was necessary; and if proper measures are taken, I shall 
more heartily than ever, enjoy the happiness I had of being 
somewhat concerned in the operation . But if things stood as 
they now do, I confess, that whether as an American soldier, 
whether as a private man that said a great deal, and knows 
Congress have ordered much more to be said on the future 
exertions of America, — who took a particular delight in 
praising the patriotic spirit of the United States, I would feel 
most unhappy and distressed, were I to tell the people thai 
are coming over, full of ardour and sanguine hopes, that wc 
have no army to co-operate with them, no provisions to ^ead 
the few soldiers that are left, &c. &;c. But I hope, my dear 
sir, it will not be the case ; and more particularly, depending 
upon the exertions of your state, I know Mr. Samuel Adajns' 
influence and popularity will be, as heretofore, employed in 
the salvation and glory of America. 

If proper measures are taken for provisions, if the States 
do immediately fill up the continental battalions by good drafts, 
which is by far the best way ; if all the propositions of the* 
committee are speedily complied with, I have no doubt, bui 
that the present campaign will be a glorious and decisive one, 
^nd that we may hope for every thing that is good - if. on the 



36 MEMOIRS OF 

contrary, time be lost, consider what unhappy and dishonora- 
ble consequences would ensue from our inability to a co-ope- 
ration. 

Your State began the noble contest ; it may be gloriously 
ended by your State's exertions, and the example they will 
once more set the whole continent. The reception I met 
with at Boston, binds me to it by the strongest ties of a great- 
ful affection. The joy of my heart will be to find myself 
concerned in an expedition, that may afford peculiar advan- 
tages to them ; and I earnestly hope it will be the case, m the 
course of this (improper measures are taken) glorious cam- 
paign. 

I flatter myself, you will be yet in Boston, and upon this ex- 
pectation, I very much depend for the success of the combin- 
ed expeditions. Such a crisis is worth your being wholly en- 
gaged in it, as it will be glorious and important ; and I may say 
it now, because necessary for the support of the great cause, 
in which you acted so early and decisive a part. What you 
mentioned confidentially to me at Boston, I have duly noticed, 
and shall ever remember with the attention of a friend. For 
fulfilling the same purpose, I wish we may be under particu- 
lar obligations to you on this occasion. 

Give me leave, my dear Sir, to suggest to you an idea 
which I have lately thought of ; all the continental officers 
labor under the most shameful want of clothing. When I say 
shameful, it is not to them, who have no money to buy — no 
cloth to be bought. You can conceive what may be theirs 
and our feelings, when they will be with the French general, 
and other officers ; and from a general idea of mankind, and 
human honor, it is easily seen how much we should exert our- 
selves to put the officers of the army in a more decent situ- 
ation. 

I beg, my dear sir, you will present my respects to your 
jamily, and believe me most affectionately, 

Yours, LA FAYETTE." 

To the above Mr. Adams communicated the following re- 

" Boston, June 1780. 

My Dear Marquis- 
Yesterday, your very obliging letter of the 30th of May, 

was brought to me by Mons. Guinard. 
The succour coming from France will be so seasonable and 



LA FAYETTE. 37 

important, that if America is not wanting to herself, she will 
have it in her power, by the blessing of heaven, to gratify the 
utmost of her wishes. His most Christian Majesty's expect- 
ations from us must needs be great ; and gratitude to so gen- 
erous an ally, as well as a due attention to our own safety, in- 
terest and honor, lay us under the strongest obligations to be 
in readiness to co-operate with the greatest advantage. I have 
long been fully sensible of your most cordial and zealous at- 
tachment to our great cause ; and to your personal represen- 
tation to his Majesty, in addition to the benevolence of his 
royal heart, I will take the liberty to attribute his design to 
afford us such aid, and for so long a time, as may put in our 
power to employ all our resources against the enemy. 

It fortunately happened that the General Assembly of this 
State was sitting, when the letter and inclosures from the com- 
mittee of Congress came to the President of the Councils 
They were immediately laid before the Assembly, and I have 
the pleasure to assure you, that the filling our battalions by an 
immediate draft, furnishing the army with provisions, and ev- 
ery other measure, for the fulfilling of the just expectations 
of your sovereign, and of Congress, on this most important oc- 
casion, are the objects of their closest attention. I had for 
several months past been flattering myself with the prospect 
of this aid. It strongly impressed my mind from one circum- 
stance which took place when you was at Philadelphia the 
last year. But far from certainty ; I could only express 
to some confidential friends here, a distant hope, though as I 
conceived, not without some good effect : at least it seemed 
to enliven our spirits, and animate us for so great a crisis. 

If it were possible for one to be forgetful of our all-impor- 
tant cause for a moment, my particular friendship for you 
would be a prevailing inducement with me, to make my ut- 
most feeble exertions to prevent your disappointment after the 
great pains you have taken to serve us. I have endeavoured, 
and shall continue those endeavours while I stay here, to bright- 
en the dark side of the picture, which your imagination has 
painted in one part of your letter before me — God forbid thai 
we should be obliged to tell our friends, when they arrive » 
that we have not a sufficient army to co-operate with them» 
nor provision to feed the few soldiers that are left. I think f 
may venture to predict, that this State will comply with the 
Requisition upon her, to give the utmost respectability to our 
4 



38 Mi;j\IOIRS OF 

army, on so promising an occasion. I was in the Council 
Chamber when I received your letter, and took the liberty 
to read some parts of it to the members present. I will 
communicate other parts of it to some leading members of 
the House of Representatives, as prudence may dictate, par- 
ticularly, what you mention of the officers want of clothing. 

I thank you, my dear Sir, for the friendly remembrance you 
had of the hint I gave you when you was here. Be pleased 
to pay m}'' most respectful compliments to the Commander in 
Chief, his family, &c. and be assured of the warm affection of 
your obliged friend and very humble servant, 

SAMUEL ADAMS. 

Marquis de la Fayette." 

The Legislature of Massachusetts did immediatel}*", viz. on 
June 5, 1780, pass a resolve for raising four thousand men, as 
a reinforcement of the continental army. The preamble to 
the resolve was as follows ; — " Whereas arequision has been 
made to this court for a reinforcement to the continental army, 
in order that it may be able to act vigorously the ensuing cam- 
paign, and the present situation of affairs requiring the ut- 
most exertions at this period, affords the most flattering pros- 
pect of putting an end to the distressing war, if the army is 
reinforced at this juncture, and enabled to improve the great 
advantage offered." To carry this resolve into effect, the 
Brigadier Generals through the State were directed, im- 
mediately on receipt of the resolve, to issue orders for call- 
ing the companies together, and raising the men required from 
each town, by voluntary inlistments, or by drafting them, on 
failure of a full number being otherwise raised. 

On the 26th of December, 1779, Sir Henry Clinton em- 
barked 7000 troops at New York, and set sail for Charleston, 
(S. C.) under convoy of Admiral Arbuthnot, where he arrived 
the last of January, 1780. On the 11th of February, Sir Hen- 
ry landed a body of troops upon the south side of John's Island, 
distant about 30 miles from Charleston. 

The legislature of South Carolina was then in session, and 
they delegated absolute power to Governor Rutledge, for the 
defence of the State, in all cases, excepting that of the life 
of the citizen without legal trial ; and he called on the,militia 
to meet in general rendezvous, for the public defence, but 



LA FAYETTE. 39 

his call was very partially obeyed. He next summoned the 
militia by proclamation, and threatened with confiscation of 
property, all such as should disobey ; but even this was dis- 
regarded ; and had Sir Henry marched directly to Charleston, 
the resistance would have been but feeble. 

General Lincoln, who held the southern command, and then 
in Georgia, repaired immediately to Charleston, and took the 
command of only about 1400 continentals, and 1000 militia, 
for the defence of Charleston. General Lincoln exerted 
himself to strengthen his lines, in defence of the city, and did 
all that the most able commander could have done, to give the 
enemy a warm and spirited reception. 

On the 29th of March, Sir Henry moved forward his light 
troops, grenadiers, and infantry ; crossed Ashley river, ad- 
vanced to the distance of 3000 yards from the American lines, 
nnil commenced his operations. 

Admiral Arbuthnot entered the harbour, with such of his 
ships as could be floated over the bar ; and the American frig- 
ates retired up to the town, landed their crews and guns, and 
joined in the defence. 

On the 10th of April, Sir Henry had so far completed his 
approaches, that he summoned the town ; but the General 
returned a spirited reply ; and the operations of the siege 
went forward. 

Admiral Arbuthnot availed himself of a strong breeze, pas- 
sed fort Moultrie, and anchored under the batteries of the 
town. 

On the 12th. Sir Henry opened his batteries upon the 
town ; but the fire was received and answered with firmness 
and spirit, eight days successively. On the 28th, Sir Henry 
received a re-inforcement of 3000 men, from New York, and 
on the 20th he advanced a parallel to the distance of 300 yards 
from the American lines. 

General Lincoln called a council of war to deliberate ; 
but the council were divided in sentiment. 

On the 23d, Sir Henry advanced his 3d parallel to the dis- 
tance of 100 yards from the American hues ; and the besieg- 
ed made an unsuccessful sally, and returned with loss. 

On the 8th of May, Sir Henry renewed his summons, and 
offered terms : General Lincoln replied, by proposing a con- 
ference ; but this was rejected with a threat that hostilities 
=hould re-commence at 8 o'clock. The eventful hour arrived ; 



40 MEMOIRS OF 

an awful, solemn silence ensued, but neither party fired a goi- 
AH was anxious suspence for one hour. At 9 o'clock tli*; 
garrison opened their fire upon the besiegers, who in their 
turn opened their batteries upon the town, and a terrible 
shower of shot, bombs and carcases, poured in, which threat- 
ened to overwhelmn it in one general destruction. The town 
was repeatedly on fire ; many houses were burnt, and the en- 
emy at the same time advanced their last parallel to the distance 
of 20 yards ; and on the 11th, they prepared for a general 
assault, by sea and land. The critical moment had now ar- 
rived when life and property were both at stake ; and the 
people, by their leaders, called on General Lincoln to re- 
new the conference, and accept the terms of the enemy : 
this request was enforced by the Lieutenant Governor and 
Council. The mihtia threw down their arms, and all parties 
became convinced that all further resistance was desperate- 
General Lincoln renewed the correspondence with Sir Hen 
ry, and accepted his terms ; Sir Henry complied,Vand the 
next day the convention was signed, and the city of Charles- 
fon was delivered up to the enemy, May 12th, 1780. 

Upon the fall of Charleston, General Gates, who was then 
in Virginia, was appointed to succeed General Lincoln in the 
command of the south. By the 1st of June, the States of 
Georgia and South Carolina were wholly subdued, and the 
onemy saw his way clear to advance into North Carolina. 

Sir Henry Clinton returned to New York in May, and 
left Lord Cornwallis to finish the southern campaign. His 
Lordship gained a signal victory over General Gates at Cam- 
den, (N. C.) on the 16th of August. General Greene, by ap- 
pointment from General Washington, arrived soon after, in 
North Carolina, and took the comni :nd of the southern de- 
partment. General Gates retired. General Greene retreat- 
ed before his Lordship, as far as Guilford, near the confines 
of V'irginia, where he gave him battle ; and such was the 
severity of this action, that his Lordship made a retrograde 
movement to recover his losses, and General Greene, at the 
same time, eluded his Lordship, and made a movement to car- 
ry the war into the south again. Lord Cornwallis moved 
forward to Petersburg, (Virginia,) where he was re-inforced 
by a body of 1800 regulars. 

On the 10th of July, the armament from France, announc- 
ed bv the Marquis La Fayette, arrived at Newport, (R. L) 



LAFAYETTE. 41 

consisting of two ships of 80 guns, one of 74, four of 64, two 
frigates of 40 each, a cutter of 20, an hospital ship pierced 
for 64, one bomb ship, and thirty-two transports, under the 
command of the Chevelier de Terney ; also, 4 old regi- 
ments of land troops, together with the legion of De Lu- 
zerne, and a battalion of artillery — total, 6000, under the 
command of Lieutenant General Count De Rochambeau. 

Th^ese illustrious allies were received with the highest ex- 
pressions of joy and respect. General Heath received the 
Count, at his landing, and put him and his troops in possession 
of the island, where they were handsomely accommodated. 
The General Assembly of Rhode Island, then in' session at 
Newport, by their special committee, presented the Count 
with a complimentary address ; to which the Count replied, 
with assurances, " that a much greater force w*ould soon fol- 
low him, and that his whole powers should be devoted to the 
service of the United States. The French troops (added 
the Count,) are under the strictest discipline, and acting un- 
der the orders of General Washington, will live with the 
Americans as brethren. I am highly sensible of the marks 
of respect shewn me by the Assembly ; I beg leave to assure 
them, that as brethren, not only my life, but the lives of the 
troops under my command, are devoted to their services." 

The same honors were paid to the French Admiral ; and 
the same respectful notice was returned. 

The Marquis La Fayette met the French officers at New- 
port, and witnessed the respectful attention, as well as the 
;eneral hilarity of the occasion. 

General Washington recommended to the officers of the 
American army, in general orders, to wear black and white 
:ockades, as a compliment to their illustrious alhes. 

The arrival of the French fleet, gave a shock to the Brit- 
sli at New York, under the command of Admiral Arbuthnot, 
■vhich consisted of four ships of the line only ; but they were 
reinforced on the 20th by sis ships of the line, under Admi- 
ral Graves, and felt themselves secure. 

Sir Henry Clinton meditated an attack upon the French, at 
Newport, and immediately embarked 8000 men, and moved 
•vith the fleet up to Huntington bay, to be in readiness to act 
iccording to circumstances. 

Massachusetts and Connecticut took the alarm, and detached 
4* 



.n MEMOIRS OF 

large bodies of militia to Rhode Island, to co-operate with 
their illustrious allies. 

General Washington made a diversion, and moved his 
whole force down to King's Bridge, determined to act offen- 
sively against New York. This movement changed the views 
of Sir Henry, and he made a hasty return to the defence of 
his strong hold. 

In the month of September, 1700, General Washington left 
Head-Quarters, with his suite, General Knox and the Marquis 
La Fayette, to meet Admiral Terney and Count Rochambeau 
at Hartford, (Conn.) agreeable to appointment ; and on the 
2 1st, the parties met accordingly. The avowed object ot 
this conference was to concert measures for the reduction of 
aTew York. The conference closed on the 27th. At this 
moment, an express arrived from the fortress at West Point, 
announcing the traitorous designs of General Arnold ; and 
General Washington flew to the relief of West Point. On his 
arrival, he found the fortress dismantled, and that Arnold had 
made his escape to the enemy in New York. While his Ex- 
cellency was employed in repairing the fortress, a prisoner 
was announced, who proved to be the unfortunate Major An- 
dre, who had volunteered his services to Sir Henry Clinton, 
to negotiate this treacherous plan with General Arnold. His 
character was that of a spy ; his fate was death ! Let us pas? 
over the distressing scene ; the righteous sacrifice touched 
the feelings of every American breast. 

The feelings of General Washington may be seen by the 
following extract from his private correspondence : 

" In no instance, since the commencement of the war, has 
the interposition of Divine Providence appeared more con- 
spicuous, than in the rescue of the fort and garrison at West 
Point. Andre has met his fate, and with that fortitude which 
was to have been expected from an accomplished man, and 
a gallant officer ; but I am mistaken, if Arnold is not under- 
going at this time the torments vf a mental Ae//." 

On the 18th of December, died at Newport, (R. L) his Ex- 
cellency Charles Louis de Terney, knight of St. John of Je- 
rusalem, late Governor of the Isles of France and Bourbon, 
and Chief Commander of the French squadron in the Amer 
ican seas. 

On the 6th of May firilowing, he was succeeded by Men- 
sieiir de BarraSo 



I.A FAYETTE. 43 



CHAFTER ZV. 

AMERICAxV REVOLUTION CONTINUED GENERAL LA FAVETTi. 

COMMANDS IN VIRGINIA. 

In the month of January, 1781, the Marquis La Fayette 
was detached by the Commander in Chief, with his brave 
corps, to take the command in Virginia, atid co-operate with 
with the French fleet, against the marauders, Arnold and 
Phihps, who were ravaging, and laying waste the tinest set- 
tlements. When the Marquis reached Baltimore, such wa? 
the destitute state of his army, his military chest, and the 
public credit, that he was constrained to borrow of the mer- 
chants 2000 guineas, upon his own private credit, in order to 
procure supplies necessary to enable him to proceed. His 
soldiers were mostly destitute of shoes. By the aid of this 
loan he advanced to Richmond, where he was joined by the 
Baron Steuben, on the 29th April, at the head of the Virginia 
militia.. The Marquis watched the motions of the enemy, 
and checked their operations with gi'eat zeal and activity : 
but his force was not sufficient to cover Petersburg. Gen- 
eral Philips entered that city on the 9th of May, where he 
died on the 13th. 

A plan had been laid between the Commander in Chief and 
the Marquis La Fayette, to catch the traitor Arnold ; but 
Lord Cornwaliis moved forward from Guilford to Wilming- 
ton, in Virginia, by forced marches, and left General Greene 
to pursue his march to the south. On the 30th of May, his 
Lordship entered Petersburg, where he was reinforced by 
the army of General Phihps, to the number of 1800 men. 
Cornwaliis put himself at the head of his whole force, and 
marched upon Richmond, to dislodge the Marquis, who was; 
now destined to enter the lists, with about 3000 men only, 
against his Lordship, at the head of a powerful and victo- 
rious army. Flushed with his victorious career, his Lord- 
ship, in one of his communications to Sir Henry Clinton, thu^ 
expressed himself : " The boy cannot escape ?«e." The 
Marquis evacuated Richmond on the 27th, and thus eluded hi? 
Lordship's movement. 

The Marquis, on the 7th of June, was joined by General 
^Vayne, with about 800 Pennsylvania militia. 



44 IVffeMOIRS OF 

His Lordship next made a movement to destroy the store^^ 
of the Marquis, which had been removed from Richmond to 
Albemarle ; distant two days march. The Marquis apprised 
of his intention, intercepted his movement, by throwing him- 
self into an old cross-road, considered by his Lordship as im- 
passable, and taking a strong position, that covered his stores. 
His Lordship abandoned the enterprise, and made a hasty re- 
trograde movement upon Richmond, which he gained in two 
days. The Marquis pressed close upon his rear, June 17th. 
On the 19th, the Baron Steuben rejoined the Marquis, and 
the next day his Lordship eracuated Richmond, and moved, 
by a hasty march, to Williamsburg, where he took a strong 
position, protected by his shipping, and at the same time re- 
ceived a strong reinforcement from Portsmouth. 

The British, in these movements, destroyed more than 
2000 hogsheads of tobacco, and a number of brass and iron 
-ordnance ; but they gained few recruits in Virginia. 

The Marquis watched the motions of his Lordship, andi 
checked his movements, with such adroitness, as to force him 
to evacuate Williamsburg, July 4th, and retire to Portsmouth. 
General Wayne, supposing that the main body of the British 
had crossed James river, at the time of the evacuation of 
Richmond, moved forward with his 800 Pennsylvanians, and 
commenced a sudden attack upon what he supposed to be his 
Lordship's rear guard ; but to his surprise he discovered his 
Lordship at the head of the British army ready to receive him. 
General Wayne saw but one alternative, and this he promptly 
adopted ; advanced to the charge, at the head of his advance 
column, consisting of 500 men, and the conflict became sharp 
for a short time ; he then availed himself of this first impres- 
sion, and hastily withdrew, leaving his Lordship in as much 
surprise as he found him. No pursuit followed, from a cau- 
tious fear, that this might have been a stratagem of the Mar- 
quis, to draw him into an ambuscade. His Lordship crossed 
James river in the night, and retired to Portsmouth ; and the 
Marquis, with his little band of heroes, indulged themselves 
in a few day* of repose. 

The Marquis, in his letter to General Greene, of July 8th, 
m speaking of this affair, thus expressed himself : 

" From all accouats, the enemy's loss is great. We had 
none killed, but many wounded. Wayne's detachment suf- 
fered most. Many horses were killed, which rendered it im- 



LA FAYETTE, 45 

possible to move the field pieces. But it is enough for the 
glory of General Wayne, and the officers and men under his 
coRiAiarid, to have attacked the whole British army, with only 
a reconnoitering party, and to have obliged them to retreat 
over the river. I have the honor to be, fcc. 

LA FAYETTE. 
JVear James River, July ^th, 1781." 

Under date of July 1 Ith, an officer of rank in the army 
of the Marquis, gives the following account of this masterly 
movement : 

*' In the attack upon the main body of the Brltisli army, 
the enemy had 300 men killed and wounded ; and among the 
latter were several officers. Their precipitate retreat tlK' 
same evening, to Jamestown Island, and thence to the other 
side of the river, is a tacit acknowledgement, that a general 
action is not their wish. We hear that the British officers 
are much mortified at the issue, and confess they were out- 
generaled. This manoeuvre upon our part, was a bold, but 
necessary measure." 

Extract from the general orders of the Marquis La Fay- 
ette, July 8th, 1781 : 

*' The General is happy to acknowledge the spirit of the 
detachment under general Wayne, in the engagement witJi 
the whole of the British army, of which he was an eye-wit- 
ness. He requests General Wayne, and the officers and men 
under his command, to accept his best thanks. The bravo 
and destructive fire of the riflemen, rendered essential ser- 
vice. The fire of the light-infantry checked the enemy's 
progress round our right flank. The General was much 
pleased with the conduct of Captain Savage, of the artillery, 
and is satisfied, that nothing but the loss of horses occasioned 
that of the two field pieces. The zeal of Colonel Mercer's 
corps, is fully expressed in the number of horses he had 
killed." 

On the 6th of May, 1781, Monsieur de Barras arrived at 
Boston, in the Concord Frigate, to succeed the late Cheve« 
lier de Terney, in the command of the French squadron a< 
Newport. Immediately upon his arrival at Newport, the 
Count de Rochambeau announced to General Washington, 



46 MEMOIRS OF I 

I 
the despatches he had received from France. General Wash- 
ington immediately requested an interview with the French 
officers, at Wethersfield, (Conn.) The General, with his suite. 
Generals Knox and du Portail, met the Count de Rocham- 
beau and the Chevalier de Castellux, accordingly, on the 21&t 
of May. The ostensible object of this meeting was to con- 
cert measures for the reduction of New York. This confer- 
ence continued about one week, with the greatest harmony 
and cordiality ; when the illustrious chiefs returned to their 
posts. 

General Washington next communicated, by letter, the 
following requisitions to the Governors of the several North- 
♦?rn States : 

" On the calculations I have been able to form, in a con- 
cert with some of the most experienced French and Ameri- 
ican officers, the operations in view will require, in addition 
to the French army, all the continental battalions, from New- 
Hampshire to New Jersey, to be completed." He after- 
wards added-: *' As we cannot count upon their being full, 
and as a body of militia will moreover be necessary, I havet 
called upon the several States to hold certain numbers in read- 
iness, to move within a week of the time I may require them." 

These despatches, as well as several others, of the Gener- 
al, were intercepted by one James Moody, who was employ- 
ed by the British adjutant General, and conveyed directly to 
New York. Sir Henry Clinton took the alarm, and began to 
exert himself to strengthen his works, to resist the expected 
attack. 

Count Rochambeau immediately upon his return at New- 
port, marched the whole French army, to join General 
Washington before New York, including a reinforcement ot 
1500 men, which had arrived at Bostor*, from France, on the 
8th of June, and had joined him the 14th ; in the whole about 
7,500. 

At the same time, General Washington put his army in 
motion towards New York, without any other baggage than a 
blanket and a clean shirt ; and on the 3d of July, General Lin- 
coln approached so near to Fort Independence, that he was 
sharply attacked by about 1 ,500 British troops. General 
Lincoln made a retrograde movement^ to give the Duke de 
Luzerne, with the French legion, and Colonel Sheldon, with 
his American dragoons, an opportunity to turn their flanks, 



LA FAYETTE. 47 

and cut off their retreat ; but the party hastily retired, and 
the stratagem failed. 

On the 4th of July, General Washington moved his army 
towards White Plains ; on the 6th, he was joined by Count 
Rochambeau, and the van of the French army ; on the 8th, 
the whole French army arrived, and encamped in a line with 
the American army. 

On the 21st, General Washington wrote to the French Ad- 
miral at Newport, as follows : "I hope there will be no oc- 
casion for a movement to the southward, for the want of force 
to act against New York, as I flattered myself, that the glory 
of destroying the British squadron at New York, is reserved 
for the King's fleet under your command, and that of the land 
forces, at the same place, for the allied arms." 

These communications, as was intended, were intercepted 
by Moody, and conveyed directly to Sir Henry Clinton, at 
New York. 

On the evening of the 18th, precisely at 8 o'clock, the al- 
lied armies commenced a grand movement, marched from 
their encampment down to New York, and at 4 in the morn- 
ing were drawn up in order of battle. General Washington, 
Count Rochambeau, with all the other general officers, and 
engineers, reconnoitered the works of the enemy, through- 
out their whole line ; the next day they renewed their re- 
connoitering, and in the afternoon drew off their troops, and 
returned to their encampments, where they arrived at half 
past 12, at night. 

These movements confirmed Sir Henry Clinton in the be- 
lief of the intercepted letters, and led him to withdraw A 
strong force from under the command of Lord Comwallis. 
then in garrison at Portsmouth, Virginia, where he was close- 
ly watched by the Blarquis La Fayette. 

At this period, a letter from Count de Grasse to General 
Washington, announced his arrival at the mouth of the Ches- 
apeak bay. The allied commanders despatched assurances 
that they would put their troops in motion to co-operate with 
him. 

General Washington still kept up the alarm of Sir Henry 
Clinton, by sending forward a detachment to construct ovens 
for the French army, opposite toStaten Island, as preparato- 
ry to the attack upon New York. At the same time, the al- 
lied armies crossed North-river, and raoverd by forced march? 



48 ayEMOIRS OF 

es to Philadelphia, and from thence to the river Elk, where 
they expected to have met the transports of Count de Grasse, to 
convey them down the bay ; but at that critical moment 
the British Admiral Graves appeared off the mouth of the 
Chesapeak, with 24 ships of the line, and Count de Grasse, 
after having despatched the Marquis St. Simon with 3300 land 
troops to reinforce the Marquis La Fayette, slipped his cables, 
and put to sea, to meet Admiral Graves. At 4 o'clock in the 
afternoon of September 5th, the action commenced, but it was 
not so much an object with either commander to fight as to 
gain, and possess the bay. Only 15 ships, on each side, were 
engaged ; yet the French had so decidedly the advantage that 
both fleets continued to manoeuvre, in sight of each other, to 
gain the bay, and both at the same time exerted themselves 
to repair their damages, and renew the conflict ; but on the 
10th, Count de Grasse again entered the bay, and the British 
Admiral Graves stood away for New York. 

During this period of manoeuvreing, Count de Barras en- 
tered the bay, with his fleet from Newport, consisting of 8 
ships of the line, besides frigates and transports, victualers,, 
$zc. and proceeded to land his ordnance stores, to carry for- 
ward the siege. 

During these operations, the Marquis La Fayette, uniting 
the experience of age to the fire of youth, hovered about 
Lord Cornwallis, so adroitly, as to check, and cramp all his 
movements, until he had made himself secure, in his strong 
post at York Town. 

De Barras immediately upon his arrival, sent up his trans- 
ports, to convey the allied armies down the bay. When 
Count de Grasse returned into the bay, he despatched for 
that service, all the frigates he could spare, and by the 25th 
o^ September, the allies were all landed at Williamsburg. 

General Washington and Count Rochambeau having 
reached that place on the 14th, embarked on board a vessel 
m waiting, with their suits, to visit Count de Grasse, on board 
the Ville de Paris ; where they were most cordially, as well 
;iS respectfully received ; and a plan of future operations was 
arranged, to accomplish the enterprise. 

The Marquis La Fayette, with the troops of the Marquis 
St. Simon, joined General Washington and Count Rocham- 
beau, at Williamsburg, where the whole allied forces united, 
amounted to 12,000 men. 




iiBiiiiiir^fa^ 



LA FAYETTE. 49 

Governor Nelson called into service the militia of Virginia, 
und took the field in person. 

On the 27th of September, General Washington issued the 
ibllowing orders. '*If the enemy should be tempted to 
meet the army on its march, the General particularly en- 
joins it upon the troops to place their principal reliance upon 
the bayonet, that they may prove the vanity of that boast 
"which the British make of their peculiar prowess^ in deciding 
battles with that weapon.''^ 

The next morning the whole army moved forward to the 
distance of two miles from York-Town ; encamped about 
sunset, and lay on their arms through the night. 

Count de Grasse, at the earnest and pressing solicitations 
of General Washington, by letter, and the personal address 
of the Marquis La Fayette, who was the bearer, moved his 
whole fleet up to the mouth of York river, and his Lordship 
was closely invested in York-Town. 

On the 6th of October, the trenches of the allies were 
opened upon his Lordship, at the distance of 600 yards. 
On the 9th, the American line began to play upon York- 
Town, with 24, 18, and 10 inch mortars, which continued 
through the night. The next morning the French opened 
a destructive fire from their batteries, without intermission, 
for about eight hours ; and on the succeeding night a terri- 
ble fire was kept up from the whole line, without intermis- 
sion, until morning. The horrors of this scene were great- 
ly heightened by the conflagration of two British ships, set 
on fire by the shells of the allies, and consumed in the night. 
The next morning, October 11th, the allies opened their 
second parallel, at the distance of 200 yards, and another 
British ship was consumed by their shells. 

On the 14th, General Washington ordered two battalions 
to advance to the second parallel, and begin a large battery 
in the cebtre, and in advance. The enemy met this move- 
ment with an incessant fire from two redoubts, in advance 
of their works, as well as from their whole line, that contin- 
ued through the night. 

General Washington detached the Marquis La Fayette in 
the morning, at the head of the American light infantry, sup- 
ported by the Baron Viominel, from the line of the French, 
to advance and storm these redoubts, which had so annoyed 
them through the night. Lieut. Colonel Hamilton command- 



^0 MElVfOIRS OF 

<id the Tan of the corps of the Marquis La Fayette. The 
redoubt was promptly carried by La Fayette at the point ot 
the bayonet ; but the captives were spared. The Marquis 
sent his aid, Major Barbour, through the whole hne of the 
enemy's fire, to notify the Baron Viominel of his success, and 
enquire where he was ; to which the Baron repHed, *'I am not 
in my redoubt, but shall be in five minutes ;" in five minutes 
his redoubt was carried. 

General Washington was highly gratifyed with the success 
of this exploit, and commended the officers and soldiers en- 
gaged in it, in the highest terms, in the following general 
orders : 

** The Marquis La Fayette's division will mount the 
trenches to morrow. The Commander in Chief congratu- 
lates the alHed army on the success of the enterprise, last 
evening, against the two important redoubts on the left of 
the enemy's works. He requests the Baron Viominel,* who 
commanded the French grenadiers, and the Marquis La Fay- 
ette, who commanded the American light infantry, to ac- 
cept his warmest acknowledgments for the excellence of 
their dispositions, and for their own gallant conduct on the 
occasion. And he begs them to present his thanks to every 
individual officer, and to the men of their respective com- 
mands, for the spirit and rapidity with which they advanced 
to the points of attack assigned them, and for the admirable 
firmness with which they supported them, under the fire of 
the enemy, without returning a shot. The General reflects 
with the highest pleasure on the confidence which the troops 
of the two nations must hereafter have in each other : as- 
sured of mutual support, he is convinced there is no danger 
which they will not cheierjiilly encounter ; no difficulty 
which they will not bravely overcome." 

On the morning of the 16th, his Lordship detached Lieut. 
Colonel Abercrombie at the head of 400 men, upon a sortie. 
to destroy two batteries, the alHes had erected in the night ; 
the enterprise succeeded, and he spiked the cannon. The 
French suffered severely in the defence of these works ; 
but the British gained no permanent advantage. On the 
afternoon of the same day, the allies opened their batteries, 
covered with about 100 pieces of heavy cannon, and such 
was their destructive fire, that the'British lines were soou 



LA FAYETTE. 51 

demolished, and silenced. Alarmed for his safety, his Lord- 
ship now began to prepare to retire ; his boats were col- 
lected, and a part of his army was embarked across to Glou- 
cester point ; but a violent storm suddenly arose, which de- 
feated the plan, and it was with the greatest difficulty that his 
Lordship could recover his boats, and restore the division. 

His Lordship now seeing that all hope of succour or es- 
cape was vain, and that there was no alternative to avoid 
the tremendous fire of the allies, but submission, request- 
ed a parley on the 18th, for 24 hours ; and that commission- 
ers might be appointed to arrange articles of capitulation. 
General Washington consented, and commissioners were ap- 
pointed accordingly. On the 19th, the articles were signed, 
and his Lordship, with the whole British army, marched out 
prisoners of war. Thus the mission of the Marquis La 
Fayette to France, in the winter of 1779-80, was consumma- 
ted by the fall of the hero of the south, at York-Town.* 

The noble generosity of the French officers to those of the 
British, after the capitulation, called forth the following ac- 
knowledgment of his Lordship : 

" The deliberate sensibibity of the officers of his Most 
Christian Majesty towards our situation ; their generous 
and pressing offers of money, both public and private, to 
any amount, has really gone beyond what I can possibly de^ 
scribe." 

His excellency General Washington closed this glorious 
scene at York-Town, by publishing in general orders, the 
grateful effiisions of his heart, to the army, both officers and 
soldiers, and ordered the whole ariiij. ^ be assembled in di- 
visions and brigades, to attend divine service, and render 
thanks to that God who had given them the victory. 

Congress received the letter of General Washington on 
the 24th, announcing the capture of the British army at 
York-Town, with the most heartfelt satisfaction, and imme- 
diately resolved to move in procession, at 2 o'clock, to the 



'^ Seren thousand troop?, 1500 seamen, 1 frigate of 24 guns, besides 
transports, (20 of which had been sunk, or otherwise destroyed,) 
144 brass and iron ordnance, howitzers, and mortars; also a mili- 
tary chest, containing 2,1 13^ sterling, were the trophies of this vic- 
tory. 



5e ME^^MOIRS OF 

Lutheran Church, and return public thanks to Almighty 
God, for crowning with success the allied arms of the United 
States and France, by the capture of the whole British army 
under the command of Earl Cornwallis. Congress next pro- 
ceeded to issue a proclamation for the religious observance 
of the 13th day of December next, as a day of public 
Thanksgiving and Prayer, throughout the United States. 
Thus joy, gratitude, and praise to God, were united and be- 
came universal, and swelled with transports every patriotic 
breast throughout United America. 

On the 29th, Congress resolved, " that thanks be presen- 
ted to General Washington, Count de Rochambeau, Count 
de Grasse, and the officers of the different corps, and the 
men under their command, for their services in the reduc- 
tion of Lord Cornwallis," They next resolved, " that a 
marble column be erected at York-Town, adorned with em- 
blems of the alliance between the United States, and his 
Most Christian Majesty ; and inscribed with a succinct ac- 
count of the surrendry of the British army." 

Congress next resolved that two stands of colours, taken 
at York-Town, be presented to his excellency General 
Washington, in the name of the United States, in Congress 
assembled ; and that two pieces of ordnance thus taken, be 
presented by his excellency General Washington, to Count 
de Rochambeau, with an inscription thereon, " that Con- 
gress were induced to present them from considerations of 
the illustrious part which he bore in effectuating the surren- 
der." Congress farther resolved, " that the Chevalier de 
La Luzerne be requested to inform his Most Christian Ma- 
jesty, that it was the wish of Congress that Coynt de Grasse 
might be permitted to accept a testimony of their approba- 
tion, similar to that to be presented to Count de Rocham- 
beau." 

The troops under the command of the Marquis de St. 
Simon were embarked for the West Indies, and the Ameri- 
can troops repaired to their former stations ; excepting 
such cavalry and infantry, as were necessary to the service 
of General Greene ; these were sent forward about the 
first of November, under the command of General St. Clair, 
to co-operate in the southern war. 

The French fleet, under Count de Grasse, sailed at the 



LA FAYETTE. 5S 

fc . 

''auiTie time, for the West Indies, and the operations of the sea- 
son were generally closed. 

His excellency General Washington, repaired to Phila- 
dc^'^i'^' ^'^ g*^^ repose to bis mind, and at the same time to 
confer with Congress upon the future exigencies of the na- 
tion. Congress pursued the plan of loans from France and 
Holland, and through their ministers, liberal supplies were 
obtained. 

A spirit of gratitude and mutual congratulation blazed 
throughout America ; addresses from all public bodies, a? 
well as many societies, flowed spontaneously to his excellen- 
cy General Washington, accompanied with the warmest and 
most grateful acknowledgments to Count de Rochambeau. 
Count de Grasse, with all the officers in the service of hi? 
Most Christian Majesty. Ministers at the altar, of all de- 
nominations, caught the sacred flame, and the temples of Al- 
mighty God resounded with gratitude and praise to his great 
name throughout the United States. 

On the 4th of November, Congress honoured the Cheva- 
lier de La Luzerne with their attendance at the Roman 
CathoUc chapel, where the following address was delivered 
by Monsieur de Bandole, chaplain to the French Legation : 

*« Gentlemen — A numerous people, assembled to render 
thanks to Almight}" God for his mercies, is one of the most 
affecting objects, and worthy the attention of the Supreme 
Being. While camps resound with triumphal actions ; 
v.'hole nations rejoice in victory and glory, the most honour- 
able office the minister of the altar can fill, is, to be the 
organ by which public gratitude is conveyed to the Omnip- 
otent. Those miracles which he once wrought for his 
chosen people, are renewed in our favour ; and it would be 
equally ungrateful and impious, not to acknowledge, that the 
event which lately confounded our enemies, and frustrated 
their designs, was the wonderful work of that God, who 
guards our liberties. And who but He could so combine the 
events that led to such success ? We have seen our ene- 
mies push forward amidst perils almost innumerable, amidst 
objects almost insurmountable, to the spot which was de- 
signed to witness their disgrace ; yet they eagerly sought it 
as the theatre of their triumph ! Blind as they were, they 
bore hunger, thirst, and inclement skies ; poured out their 
5* 



54 lVi:^MOmS OF 

blood in battle against brave republicans, and crossed irn 
raense regions to confine themselves in another Jericho : 
tvhose walls were fated to fall down before another Joshua, 
It is He whose voice commands the winds, the seas, and the 
seasons ; who formed a junction on the same day, and the 
same hour, between a formidable fleet from the south, and 
an army rushing from the north like an impetuous torrent. 
Who but He, in whose hands are the hearts of men, could 
have inspired the allied troops with the friendship,, the con- 
fidence, the tenderness of brothers ! How is it that two 
nations, once divided, jealous, inimical, and nursed in recip- 
rocal prejudices, are now become so cordially united as to 
form but one I Worldlings would say it is the wisdom, the 
virtue, and moderation of our phiefs ; it is a great natiorkal 
interest that has performed this prodigy. They will say, 
that to the skill of the generals, to the courage of the troops, 
to the activity of the whole arm}^ we must attribute this 
splendid success. Ah ! they are ignorant that the combin- 
ing of so many fortunate circumstances, is an emanation 
from the All-perfect Mind ; that courage, that skill, that ac- 
tivity, bear the sacred impressions of Him who is divine. 
For how many favours have we not to thank Him during the 
present year ? 

"Your union, which was at first supported by justice 
alone, has been consolidated by your courage, and the knot 
which ties you has become indissoluble, by the accession of 
all the States, and the unanimous voice of all the confeder- 
ates. Yon present to the universe the noble sight of a society, 
which^ founded in equality and justice^ secures to the individ- 
atals -SDho compose it, the utmost happiness that can he derived 
from human institutions. This advantage, n-hich so many 
other nations have been unable to procure, even after ages of 
eff'ort and misery^ is granted by Divine Providence to the Uni- 
ted States ," and His adorable decrees have marked the present 
moment for the completion of that memorable happy revolution, 
lichich has taken place in this extensive continent. These 
large States are at once wrested from the foe. The rapa- 
cious soldier has been compelled to take refuse behind his 
ramparts, and oppression has vanished like those phantoms 
which are dispelled by the morning ray. On this solemn 
occasion we might renew our thanks to the God of battles^ 
for the success he has granted to your allies, and your 



LA FAYETTE. 65 

ti lends, by land and sea, through the other partes of the 
globe. But let us not recall those events which too dearlv 
])rove how much the hearts of our enemies have been obdu- 
rated. Let us prostrate ourselves at the altar, and implore 
the God of mercy to suspend his vengeance, to spare them 
in his wrath, to inspire them with sentiments of justice and 
moderation, to terminate their obstinacy and error, and to 
ordain that your victories be followed with peace and tran- 
quiUty. Let us intreat Him to continue to shed on the coun- 
cils of the king, your ally, that spirit of wisdom, of justice, 
and of courage, which has rendered his reign so glorious. 
Let us beseech Him to maintain in each of the States that in- 
telligence by which the United States are inspired. Let u.^ 
return Him thanks that a faction, whose rebellion he ha^ 
corrected, and now deprived of support, is annihilated. 
Let us offer Him pure hearts, unsullied by private hatred, or 
})ublic dissension ; and let us with one voice pour forth to 
the Lord that hymn of praise, by which christians celebrate 
rheir gratitude and i/zs glory. ""• 

I have given this extract at large, because it is the puresi 
expression of that civil and religious gratitude that glowed in 
the American breast at that most eventful period, that ha-^ 
appeared. 



CHAPTER IT. 

THE MAPtQUIS LA FAYETTE TAKES LEAVE OF CONGRESS, ANE' 
RETURNS TO FRANCE. 

Immediately upon the fall of Lord Cornwallis, the State 
of Virginia presented the Marquis La Fayette with a busi. 
on which were engraved various honorary inscriptions, 
commemorative of his public deeds ; and as soon as those 
scenes of festivity and hilarity were closed, that follower! 
the fall of Cornwallis, the Marquis La Fayette repaired tc 
Philadelphia, and presented a letter to Congress, bearing date 
November 22d, requesting permission to retura again t<> 



6r3 MEMOIRS OF 

France. Congress immediately appointed Mr. Carroll, Mr. 
JMadison, and Mr. Cornell, a special committee to act, and re 
port upon the letter of the Marquis La Fayette. 

Journal of Congress, November 23d, 1781.—" On report 
of a committee consisting of Messrs. Carroll, Madison, an({ 
Cornell, to whom was referred a letter of the 22d, from 
Major General the Marquis La Fayette ; 

Resolved, '• That Major-General the Marquis La Fay- 
ette, have permission to go to France ; and that he return nl 
such time as shall be most convenient to him. 

"That he be informed, that upon a review of his conduct 
thro ugh the last campaign, and particularly during the period 
in which he had the chief conmiand in Virginia, the many new 
proofs which present themselves, of his zealous attachment 
to the cause he has espoused, and of his judgment, vigilance, 
gallantry, and- address in its defence, have greatly added to 
the high opinion entertained by Congress, of his merits and 
military talents. 

"That he make known to the officers and troops whom he 
commanded, during that period, that the brave and enterpris- 
ing services with which the}' seconded his zeal and efforts, 
and which enabled him to defeat the attempts of an enemy 
far superior in numbers, have been beheld by Congress with 
particular satisfaction and approbation. 

" That the Secretary of Foreign Affairs acquaint the Min- 
isters Plenipotentiary of the United States, that it is the de- 
sire of Congress, that they confer with the Marquis La Fay- 
ette, and avail themselves of the situation of public affairs 
in the United States. 

" That the Secretary of Foreign Affairs. further acquaint 
the Blinister Plenipotentiary at the Court of Versailles, that 
he will conform to the intention of Congress, by consulting 
with, and employing the assistance of the Marquis La Fay- 
ette, in accelerating the supplies which may be afforded by 
iiis Most Christian Majesty for the use of the United States. 

" That the Superintendant of Finance, the Secretary of 
ForeignjAffairs, and the Board of War, make such communi- 
cations to the Marquis La Fayette, touching the affairs of 
their several departments, as will best enable him to fulfill 
the purpose of the two resolutions immediately preceding. 

" That the Superintendant of Finance take orders for dis- 



LA FAYETTE. 57 

charging the engagements entered into by the Marquis La 
Fayette, with the merchants of Baltimore, referred to in 
the act of the 24th of May last. 

" Ordered that the Superintendant of Finance furnish 
the Marquis La Fayette with a proper conveyance to France. 

** That the Secretary for Foreign Affairs feport a letter to 
his Most Christian Blajesty, to be sent by the Marquis La 
Fayette." 

Impressed with a sense of the honor done him by the fore- 
going resolutions, the Marquis addressed the following reply. 

•'' To the President of Congress — 
Sir — I have been honored with the resolutions which 
Congress have been pleased to pass in my favour. Testi- 
monies of their esteem and their confidence that are so very 
dattering to me, could not but excite those exalted senti- 
ments of gratitude, which I am unable sufficiently to express. 
31}'^ attachment to America, the sense of my obligations, and 
the new favours conferred upon me, are so many everlasting 
ties that devote me to her. At all times, and in every part 
of the world, my heart will be panting for opportunities to 
be employed in her service. With unspeakable pleasure, 
I shall transmit the resolve of Congress to the brave and vir- 
tuous troops, whom it has been my happiness to command 
I have the honor to be, k,c. 

LA FAYETTE.'* 

When he transmitted the foregoing resolve of Congress, 
to the troops he had lately commanded, he observed to them, 
•'In the moment the Major General leaves this place, ho 
wishes once more to express his gratitude to the brave corpus 
of light infantry, who, for nine months past, have been the 
companions of his fortunes. He can never forget, that, 
with them alone, of regular troops, he had the good fortune 
to mau'xuvie before an army, which, after all its reductions, 
was still six times more numerous than the regular force he 
had under command." 

In Dec. 1781, the Marquis La Fayette sailed again for 
France, where he was received by the king, the court, and 
the whole city of Paris, with such acclamations of joy, grati- 
tude and respect, as were justly due to the man who was con^ 



as MgMOIRS OF 

sidered qs the pride and ornament of his country. All heart? 
glowed with affection, and all classes of the people vied with 
each other, in honoring the young hero of America. 

*' After the king had listened to the history of American 
affairs which La Fayette had related, he inquired, with hia 
usual frankness and good nature, " But what was you doino- 
all this time ?" for the young General had not said one word 
about himself. Louis bestowed upon the Marquis many ex- 
pressions of his favour, and the Qeeen complimented him 
with her miniature. 

Madam La Fayette, shared also in the honors of her hus- 
band. Voltaire, at that time the idol of France, upon a pub- 
lic occasion, at the Duke de Choiseuls, approached Madam 
La Fayette, and dropping upon his knee, in the most respect- 
ful manner, complimented her with an eulogium upon the 
patriotic virtues of her husband. 

After this, no person will be surprised, that La Fayette 
attracted such public attention ; for wherever he appeared, 
crowds were drawn around him, crying, " long live La Fay- 
ette." 

Dr. Franklin, the American Minister Plenipotentiary at 
the court of Versailles, soon became acquainted with the 
merits of the Marquis La Fayette, and in his correspondence 
with General Washington, thus expressed himself: 

'* I received but lately the letter your Excellency was 
pleased to do me the honor of writing to me, in the recom- 
mendation of the Marquis La Fayette. His modesty de- 
tained it long in his own hands. We became acquamted. 
however, from the time of hi« arrival in Paris ; and his zeal for 
the honor of our country, his activity in our affairs here, and 
his firm attachment to our cause, and to you, impressed me 
with the same regard and esteem for him, that your Excellen- 
cy's letter would have done, had it been immediately deliv- 
ered to me." 

After remaining six weeks in Pans, and perceiving that the. 
enthusiasm did not abate, he hastened to quit the capital, and 
make a journey, with his young wife and son George, now 
three years of age, to one of his estates in Touraine. Even 
this journey, was a triumph ; for no sooner was it known that 
General La Fayette was about to arrive in any place, than the 
bells were rung, a procession was formed, and the magistrates 



LA FAYETTE. 59 

welcomed him with little less than regal honors. The city 
of Orleans, in particular, detained him a whole week. 

Frederick the Great, King of Prussia, had attracted the at- 
tention of Europe for a longtime, and the Marquis took this 
opportunity to pay his respects to this great man. On his 
way to Berlin, he was honored with the same marks of atten- 
tion in Germany, that he had witnessed in his own country. 
" It is said that persons rode 600 miles to see him." 

The Marquis La Fayette arrived at Potsdam, in Sept. 
1782, at the time of a general review.* 

As soon as the king heard that General La Fayette was pre- 
sent, he despatched an aid-de-camp to invite him to the pal- 
ace of Sans Souci, where he was courteously received. 
After the king had expressed his admiration of Washington, 
and La Fayette, and the firmness with which the American 
revolution had beenconducted, he presented the Blarquig 
with his miniature, set in diamonds, adding, that " he hoped 
this little memento would sometimes recall him to his recol- 
lection.'* 

After the return of the Marquis to France, he became 
closely engaged in the affairs of the general negotiations, un- 
til the treaty was closed, and the general affairs of the peace 
arranged, he then addressed the following note to Sir Henry 
Clinton, to correct an aspersion, that reflected upon his own 
honor, and that of his brave companions in arms in America. 

'' Paris, April 29, 1783. 
Sir — Upon a perusal of your printed correspondence, I 
must beg leave to trouble you with an observation ; not that 
I have claims to set forth, or relations to criticise. A sen- 
tence in your letter of — is the only one I intend to mention. 
*' Having said to Lord Cornwallis, that he may be opposed 
by about 2000 continentals ; and, as La Fayette observes, a 
body of ill-armed mihtia," you are pleased to add, " as spir- 



* '* At (his place were assembled 50,000 men from every part ot 
the kingdom, who, for three successive days, went through the evolu- 
tions of battles, sieges and storms, under the immediate command of 
the king himself" 

*• As the discipline and tactics of the Prussian army were in high re- 
pute, vast numbers of foreign officers and strangers of distinction, were 
attracted together on these occasions. Their encampment resembled 
an immense c\ty''>^Holstein. 



9 



6(MHp MI^MOIRS OF 

itless as the militia of the southern provinces, and %vithout any 
service ;" which reads as if it was a part of my letter. HovV 
far your description is undeserving, I think experience has 
proved ; and that it came from me, no American will believe. 
But your correspondence is so public, that, with full rehance 
on your candour and politeness, I have taken the liberty to 
transcribe the passage, and to return it to you, Sir, as its true 
author. At the same time permit me to assure you, &lc. 

LA FAYETTE." 

The reply of Sir H. Clinton. 

" London, May 29 y 1783. 
Sir — In consequence of the letter you have done me the 
honor to write me, I have read over the publication in ques- 
tion ; and I confess the remark alluded to, from the manner 
in which it is introduced, appears to make a part of your let- 
ter. You have certainly, Sir, a right to this acknowledge- 
ment, and permit me, at the same time, to add the assurances, 
&c, H. CLINTON." 

On thef^25th of Nov. 1783, the British evacuated the city 
of N. York, and the Americans took possession, with great 
dignity and good order. His Excellency Gen. Washington 
took an affectionate leave of the officers who had been his 
brave companions in arms ; retired to Philadelphia, and ex- 
hibited his accounts to the comptroller, in his own hand wri- 
ting. He then retired to Annapolis, where Congress were 
then sitting (by adjournment,) and on the 20th of Dec. 1783, 
resigned his commission as Commander in Chief of the Amer- 
ican armies. 

This was a sublime, a momentous scene ; the affections 
and emotions of Congress, and of a numerous and splendid 
audience, did homage to his virtues, by these. tears of grati- 
tude, that flowed spontaneously upon this solemn, this inter- 
esting occasion. 

The father of his country retired to his seat in Virginia, 
there to enjoy in the bosom of repose, the prayers and bene- 
dictions of a free and grateful people. 

The definitive treaty between Great Britain and the Uni- 
ted States, accompanied with the joint letter of the American 
Commissioners, bearing date, Passy, Sept. lUth, was laid be- 
fore Congress on the 13th of Dec. and referred to a special 



LA FAYETTE. ^6) 

committee for consideration ; who made their report on the 
t4th of Jan. 1784, to the acceptance of the nine states, then 
present, and thus the treaty was ratified, and the seal of the 
United States affixed thereunto, with the signature of his Ex- 
cellency Thomas Miflin, president of Congress, 

General Washington announced these events to his adopted 
son, the Marquis La Fayette, by letter, and pressed him once 
more to return to America and enjoy the embraces of his 
friends and companions in arms. The numerous and pres- 
sing invitations from his American friends, called the attention 
of the Marquis to these shores of peace, of happiness, and 
freedom. His heart obeyed the call, and on the 1st of July 
he embarked at Havre, on board the packet ship Courier. 



CHAPTER VX. 

THE MARQUIS LA FAYETTE RE-VISITS AMERICA. 

The Marquis La Fayette arrived safe in New York, on the 
5th of August, 1784. 

-Here opened to view a scene in all respects the contrast of 
the one that presented itself on his first landing in America 
in 1777. Then the city of N. York was possessed by astrong 
British army ; Gen. Burgoyne at the head of a second, was 
marching upon Albany, victoriously ; and Gen. Howe at the 
head of a third, had landed at the ferry of Elk, and was march- 
ing upon Philadelphia. Now every hostile Briton had aban- 
doned the shores of America ; peace, happiness and concord, 
waved their banners over the 13 United States, and the joy 
that beamed in every eye, welcomed the young hero to that 
land of freedom, whose cause he had so nobly bled to defend. 

No sooner was his arrival announced, than soldiers and 
citizens, with one heart, pressed to meet him with their con- 
gratulations, and bid him welcome to his adopted country, 
the land of liberty and peace. The next day the Marquis 
was invited to a sumptuous dinner, when his brave compan- 
ions in arms, once more met him in their mihtary dresses, to 
give an expression of former days to the hilarity of the 

6 



62 MEMOIRS OF 

scene. Here were displayed those feelings of fraternal joys 
v hich none but kindred souls can feel or express. 

From the congratulaticns of N. York, the Marquis retired 
to Philadelphia, where the same scenes again awaited him. 
His former companions in arms, large bodies of militia, and 
all the citizens of the first respectability, assembled to meet 
him, and conduct him into the city ; and in the evening they 
greeted him with a grand illumination. 

The next day the corps of revolutionary officers deputed 
Generals St. Clair, Wayne and Irvine, as a committee to wait 
on General La Fayette, with the congratulations of the inhab* 
itants cf Fernsylvania. 

The folio';ring address, and reply, will shew the feelings 
of thft occasion : 

" We, the officers of the Pennsylvania line, deeply impres- 
sed with a grateful remembrance of your zeal and activity in 
the cause of our country, beg leave to welcome your return 
to this city. 

*' We very sensibly feel all the warmth of affection arising 
from the intercourse of the field ; and while we look on the 
scenes of distress that freedom had to encounter, we can nev- 
er forget, that when destitute of foreign friends, you gener- 
ously stepped forth, the advocate of our rights. The noble 
example you gave, by early bleeding in our infant cause, im- 
prosses us with an idea of your zeal and patriotism. A re- 
cc'lection of the fortitude and patience with which you have 
since encountered every difficulty, particularly during that 
important crisis^ v/herein you were called to the chief com- 
i^and in Virgin'va., endears you to us as a soldier ; and while 
we mingle with the class of citizens, we can never forget the 
influence your conduct had, ia leading us to tlie libert}' and 
independence we now enjoy. 

We have the honor to be, with the most perfect esteem, 
your verv obedient servants. In behalf of the line, 

A. ST. CLAIR. 
A WAYNE. 
WM. IRVING. 
Major General the Marquis La Fayette. 

Philadelphia, August 10, 1784." 

Reply : 
" Gentlemen — In the wished-for meeting with my brother 
officers, in your so kind reception, and most obliging ad» 



LA FAYETTE. 63 

(iress, I am more happily, more deeply affected, than words 
can express ; but my heart has long been open to you gen- 
tlemen ; and from the value it has by your esteem and friend- 
ship, you may conceive what, on this occasion, must be my 
feelings of affection and gratitude. That I early enlisted 
with you in the cause of liberty, shall be the pride and satis- 
faction of my life. But while on the glorious conclusion I 
rejoice with those with whom I had the honor of being a 
companion in gloomy times, let me once more thank you for 
the peculiar obligations, which either as a commanding ofl&- 
cer in Virginia, or as a brother soldier and affectionate friend, 
ever bind me to the officers of the Pennsylvania line. 

I have the honor to be gentlemen, with the warmest sen- 
timents of esteem and respect, your most obedient servant. 

LA FAYETTE." 

This interesting scene being closed, the legislature of the 
State then in session, appointed a committee, composed of a 
delegate from each county, to present the Marquis La Fay- 
ette with an address in behalf of the Legislature. The fol- 
lowing extract will serve to show the feelings of the citizens 
of Pennsylvania. 

'* The representatives of the freemen of Pennsylvania of- 
fer to the Marquis La Fayette their sincerest congratulations 
upon his arrival at Philadelphia, and welcome him in the 
name of the State. 

" Enjoying the blessings of liberty and peace, we contem- 
plate with much satisfaction those distinguished persons, who 
disregarding the dangers of the seas, united their efforts to 
our own, to aid in terminating the war. Among those illus- 
trious individuals we rank you the chief. Your example 
and your zeal have animated and encouraged our own citi- 
zens ; nor did you leave us until we had attained the great 
object of all our hopes." 

On the 14th, the Marquis La Fayette took leave of his 
friends at Philadelphia, and proceeded to Baltimore, on his 
way to his paternal seat at Mount Vernon. He passed but 
one night at Baltimore, and the next day hastened to consum- 
mate his happiness in America. 

The father of his country with open arms, once more re- 
oeived to his bosom his adopted son. Here was a scene sur» 



6'4 Mf:MOIRS OF 

passing the powers of the pen or the pencil to describe ; here 
were the spontaneous effusions of great souls, of kindred 
spirits, overwhelmned with the sense ot scenes that were past- 
exulting in the triumphs of the present, and rejoicing in the 
hopes of the future. Such another scene is not to be found 
on the whole historic page, because such noble actors are no 
where else to be found. 

Twelve successive suns rolled over the mansion where so 
much greatness and so much goodness were devoted to the 
highest intellectual enjoyments. 

On theSIst of August, the Marquis La Fayette once more 
tore himself away from the paternal embraces of his beloved 
father, and returned to Baltimore, on his way to Boston. At 
every stage through this long route he was met by those de- 
monstrations of joy, gratitude and affection, which flow only 
from free, generous and grateful hearts. 

Early in October, the Marquis La Fayette arrived at Hart- 
ford, (Conn.) where he was met, and escorted into town, by 
a large and respectable assemblage of citizens, under a dis- 
charge of artillery. The next day the corporation of the 
city honoured him with a public dinner, and the Mayor de- 
livered the following address : 

" Sir — The Mayor, Alderman, and Common Council, beg 
leave to welcome your arrival to this city, which owes its 
birth to the successful toils of those heroes, who signalized 
themselves in our late contest. We esteem ourselves hap- 
py in being honoured with the presence of a nobleman, who 
forsook the pleasures of his native country, risked his life 
and fortune in the cause of liberty ; and by his exertions, 
both in the council and in the field, so gloriously shared our 
toils, and contributed to our success. 

*■' And while we express our gratitude for your former as- 
sistance, permit us to entertain the hope from the continu- 
ance of your friendship, that the same hero, who aided the 
infant exertions of our country, and whom we are proud to 
claim as an American general, may still promote the estab- 
lishment of our empire, and be the means of continuing to 
us the favour of that nation, to whose assistance we are so 
greatly indebted for our liberty and independence. 

*' Amid the pleasure we feel on your arrival, we cannot 
but regretj^that you? visit to this city, as well as your tout 



LA FAYETTE. C5 

m America, is likely to be of so short continuance ; yet we 
beg leave to assure you, that in every place you will be at- 
tended with our constant wishes for your happiness, and that 
neither ourselves, nor posterity, can enjoy the blessings you 
have contributed to procure, without the most grateful re- 
membrance of the benefactor. 

With sentiments of gratitude and respect, we have the 
honour to be. Sir, j^our obedient servants. 

[Signed.] THOMAS SEYMOUR, Mayor. 

Major General the Marquis La Fayette. 

Reply : 

" Gentlemen — Among the many enjoyments this visit af- 
fords me, 1 am happy to congratulate you upon those general 
blessings and private advantages, Avhich, ag a reward of vir- 
tuous efforts in the noblest cause, have attended the rising 
city of Hartford. 

'• From your too flattering expressions, gentlemen, I most 
gratefully conceive the extent of your friendship, so far 
overpassing those of my merits. But while I delight in the 
confidence of America, I am sensible in a measure of de- 
serving it by the warmth of my affectionate, boundless zeal ; 
and need not add what sense I have of that alliance, so well 
cemented by common eflforts, common triumphs, and the re- 
ciprocal esteem which every political principle and nation- 
al sentiment cannot fail, on both parts, so happily to cherish. 

" My stay in this country, gentlemen, will ever appear te 
me too short ; but before I leave it, I shall once more in- 
dulge the feelings of my heart, in presenting you personally 
with the respectful tribute of my gratitude, and my ardent 
wishes for the prosperity of this city. 

With the highest regard, I h'ave the honor to be, gentle- 
men, your obedient servant, 

LA FAYETTE." 

The next day the Marquis La Fayette set out for Boston, 
and was met on his way, at Watertown, by his old companions 
in arms, of the Massachusetts line, who honoured him with a 
public dinner, and the following address by General Knox j 

*' We, the late officers of the Massachusetts line of the 
continental army, embrace the first moment of your arrival, 
to welcome you with all the sincerity and ardour of fraternal 
6» 



06 MIMOIRS OF 

affection ; an affection commenced in the dark hour of our 
conflict, elevated and perfected through the successive vicis- 
situdes of the war. 

*' We beg leave to observe, that we have had repeated oc- 
casions to witness the display of your mihtary talents, and of 
joining in the approbation and applause, which our beloved 
Commander in Chief so often expressed of your conduct. 
We are deeply impressed with a sense of the various and 
important services you have rendered our country ; and it 
will be the pride of some patriotic and enlightened histori- 
an, to enumerate your actions in the field, and to illustrate 
your incessant efforts to promote the happiness of these 
United States. 

" We shall ever retain the lively gratitude for the inter- 
position of 3'^our august Sovereign, and nation, at a time when 
America was oppressed by a formidable enemy. By his in- 
fluence, and the powerful assistance afforded by his land and 
naval forces, the war has been happily terminated, and the 
independence of these United States firmly established, at a 
period much earlier than the most sanguine patriot could 
have expected. 

" A mind like yours, ennobled by a generous attachment to 
the rights of mankind, must enjoy the highest pleasure in 
viewing the people to whose cause you so zealously devo- 
ted yourseli', in full possession of that peace, liberty, and 
safety, which were the great objects of their pursuit. 

*' Animated by virtue, and the auspices of your own fame, 
may you go on to add to the splendour of your character, 
and heighten the glory of your country, by placing the name 
of La Fayette on the same list with Conde, Tiirenne, and 
her other immortal heroes. 

In behalf of the officers 6f the Massachusetts line, 

H. KNOX." 

Reply : 

" From the instant of our parting, gentlemen, I have been 
anxiously looking forward to this period. How far my 
pleasure is completed by your kind welcome, I leave, my 
beloved friends, your own hearts to determine. 

" While your affection and confidence ever made me hap- 
py, let me gratefully acknowledge, that for the marks of our , 
beloved General, 1 feltmj^self wholly obliged to the gallcuai 



LA FAYETTE. 67 

troops I commanded. Could my conduct in any manner jus- 
tify your partiality, it will be the pride of my heart to think 
that America was my school, every one of you my broth- 
crs, and that I was adopted as a disciple and son of our im- 
mortal Commander in Chief. 

*' In the interposition of my Sovereign and nation, I en- 
joyed more than 1 could express ; every French citizen felt, 
with a patriotic king, in this happy alliance ; and from those 
troops who shared in our dangers, you meet with a peculiar 
regard and attachment. 

*' During my absence, gentlemen, my heart has been con- 
stantly with you. As an army, we are separated ; but for- 
ever, I hope, shall unite in brotherly affection. And non- 
that a glorious peace has terminated your labours, I rejoice to 
find your attachment to those principles, for zvhich you have 
conquered, ranks you among the most virtuous citizens of the 
Commonwealth. 

LA FAYETTE." 

The General Court of Massachusetts being then in session 
in Boston, the governor and council, and many of rlie mem- 
bers of the House of Assembly, together Avith the whole 
Massachusetts line of officers of the late army, were pres- 
ent at this interesting scene, and conducted the Marquis into 
Boston, attended by a numerous and splendid retinue of 
citizens. 

Tha next day the legislative body passed a resolution, 
*' That the Marquis La Fayette be invited, by the President of 
the Senate, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, 
and the Supreme Executive, to meet the two Houses of As- 
embly in the Senate room, to congratulate him upon his safe 
arrival in the United States, after the final establishment of 
peace, to which his friendly influence in Europe had largely 
contributed." 

The citizens of Boston vied with the Legislature in their 
testimonials of respect, affection and gratitude, and invited 
him to a splendid dinner at Faneuil Hall, accompanied by 
the Governor and Council, the clergy, seventy-tive officers 
of the late American army, and numerous other persons of 
eminence and worth. 

*' When General Washington's name was given as a toast, 
the Marquis rose from his seat, and with a tear starting in hi? 



ti8 MBMOIRS OF 

eye, began the act of applause, which was continued, and 
repeated again and again, by the whole company." 

" In other places the Marquis La Fayette also met a cor- 
dial and distinguished reception. His ardent attachment to 
America, and his great services in her cause, were still fresh 
m the recollection of all. It was known that he had advo- 
cated our independence in Europe, and exerted his influ- 
ence with his generous Prince to aid in its support. It was 
remembered, * that in the moment of our greatest misfor- 
tunes, he espoused the cause of America ;' that his milita- 
ry talents, and the ardour of his virtuous mind had been de- 
voted to our interest ; and while ' gratitude should be ac- 
counted a virtue, the name of La Fayette will not cease to be 
dear to Americans." 

In December, 1784, when the Marquis La Fayette was 
about to bid adieu once more to the shores of America, and 
re-visit his own native land, he addressed a note to Congress, 
and expressed a desire to take a respectful leave of that 
honorable body, before his final departure. 

Congress immediately appointed a committee to confer up- 
on the subject, who presented the following report : 

" That the merits and services of General La Fayette 
render it proper, that such opportunity of taking leave of 
Congress, be afforded, as may strongly manifest their esteem 
and regard for him." 

Whereupon it wa; resolved, "that a committee to consist 
of a member from each State, be appointed to receive the 
Marquis, and in the name of Congress, take leave of him. 
That they be instructed to assure him that Congress continue 
to entertain the same'high sense of his abilities and zeal to 
promote the welfare of America, both here and in Europe, 
which they have frequently expressed and manifested upon 
former occasions, and which the recent marks of his atten- 
tion to their commercial and other interests have perfectly 
confirmed. That as his uniforn and unceasing attachment to 
this country, has resembled that of a patriotic citizen, the 
United States regard him with particular affection, and will 
not cease to feel an interest in whatever may concern his 
honor and prosperity ; and that their best and kindest wishes 
will alTfays attend him.' 



LA FAYETTE. Gf^ 

Congress further resolved, " That a letter be written to 
his Most Christian Majesty, and signed by the President of 
Congress, expressive of the high sense the United States en- 
tertain of the real talents, and meritorious services of the 
Marquis La Fayette ; and recommending him to the particu- 
lar favour and patronage of his Majesty." 

The committee agreeable to appointment, received the 
Marquis La Fayette in the Hall of Congress, and in the name 
of that honorable bod}^, communicated to him their instruc- 
tions, with the resolves of Congress, and took an atfection- 
ate leave. 

The Marquis closed this interesting scene by the following 
reply : 

" While it pleases the Congress of the United States so 
kindly to receive me, I want words to express the feelings of 
a heart, which delights in their present situation, and in the 
public marks of their esteem. 

" Since Ijoined the standard of liberty, to this wished-for 
hour of my personal congratulations, I have seen such glo- 
rious deeds performed, and virtues displayed, by the sons of 
America, that in the instant of my first concern for them, I 
had anticipated but a part of the love and regard which de- 
vote me to this rising empire. 

" During our revolution, I obtained an unh'mited, indul- 
gent confidence, which I am equally proud and happy to ac- 
knowledge ; it dates with the time, when an inexperienced 
youth, 1 could only claim my respected friend's parental 
adoption. It has been most benevolently continued through 
every circumstance of the cabinet, and the field ; and in per- 
sonal friendships, 1 have often found a support against public 
difficulties. While on this solemn occasion, 1 mention my 
obligations to Congress, the States, and the people at large, 
permit ma to remember my dear military companions, to 
whose services their country is so much indebted. 

"Having felt both for the timely aid of my country, and 
for the part she, with a beloved king, acted in the cause of 
mankind, I enjoy an alliance so well rivetted by mutual affec- 
tion, by interest, and even local situation. Recollection in- 
sures it. Futurity does but enlarge the prospect ; and the 
private intercourse will every day increase, which independ- 
ent and advantageous trade cherishes, in proportion as it is 
justly understood. 



'^O IVipMOIRS OF 

*' In unbounded wishes to America, 1 ain happy to observe 
the prevailing disposition of the people to strengthen the 
confederation, preserve public faith, regulate trade ; and in a 
proper guard over continental magazines and frontier posts ; 
in a general system of militia, in foreseeing attention to the 
navy, to ensure every kind of safety. May this immense 
temple of freedom ever stand a lesson to oppressors, an ex- 
ample to the oppressed, a sanctuary for the rights of mankind 1 
And may these happy U. States attain that complete splendor 
and prosperity, which will illustrate the blessings of their 
governments, and for ages to come, rejoice the souls of their 
departed lounders. 

" However unwilling to trespass on your time, I must yeti 
present you with my greatful thanks for the late favours of' 
Congress ; and never can they oblige me so much, as whem 
they put it in my power, in evxry part of the world, and to 
the latest day of my life, to gratify the attachment, which i 
will ever rank me among the most zealous and respectful! 
servants of the United States." 

In 1784, most of the States passed laws, naturalizing the 
iVlarquis La Fayette, and his male descendants ; a sample ofi 
which may be seen in the following act of the State of I 
Maryland : 

" Whereas, the General Assembly of the State of Mary- 
land is desirous of perpetuating a name so dear to all, and 
to recognize the Marquis La Fayette for one of its own citi- 
zens ; one who, at the age of eighteen, left his country, risk- 
ed his life in the vicissitudes of the revolution, &c. There- 
fore it is declared by the General Assembly of Maryland, 
that the Marquis La Fayette, and his male descendants for- 
ever, shall be, and each is hereby acknowledged, and held as 
citizens born in this State, and henceforth shall enjoy the 
rights, privileges and immunities of natural born citizens j 
provided that he conform himself to the constitution, and 
laws of this State." &c. I 

The Marquis La Fayette, with this parting leave of Con« 
gress, retired to New York, where a frigate was in waiting tc 
convey hina to France. He passed ten days in the cordial 
and social enjoyments of his friends, and embarked once more 
for the shores of big dear native land. 

•* From the forts on the battery, the standard of the United 
States waved to him its stars and its stripes ; and thirtcer. 



LA FAYETTE. Ti 

cannon announced the number of States that gjrieved over his 
departure.'* 

The character of the Marquis La Fayette in America, has 
uniformly displayed all that is great, noble, generous, benev- 
olent, patriotic, and valient ; and the latest generations will 
rise up to bless his memory. 



CKAPTSR VIE. 

■ AUSES THAT LED TO THE FRENCH REVOLUTION GENERAL 

EVENTS OF THAT REVOLUTION. 

The labours of Martin Luther and the light of the re- 
ibrmation had disclosed the mysteries of iniquity, and shewn 
to a certain portion of Europe, the fallacy and corruption of 
auricular confession, the sale of indulgences, pardon and re- 
missions, the absurdity of purgatory, and a papal supremacy. 
The expansion given to the mind by the arts and sciences, 
led the philosophers of France, and of Europe, to discover 
the same mystery of iniquity through another channel ; and 
in their turn, to set at defiance the corruptions of popery, 
and the supremacy of the pope. The bull Unigenitus,* kin- 
dled the fire that rallied the parties to the contest. The 
power of the kings of France had been from the time of 
Clovis, Pepin, and Charlemagne, inseparably interwoven 
with the supremacy of the pope : of course, Louis XIV. 
supported the bull ; the parHaments,tbe body of the nation, 
together with many of the higher as v/ell as the lower or- 
ders of the clergy, opposed the bull — and the nation was 
divided into two great parties ; the pope and the king on 
one side, and the parliaments and the people upon the other ; 
but the death of Louis gave a check to the quarrel. The 
licentiousness which the duke of Orleans introduced at 
court, and diffused through the nation, diverted the quarrel, 
until Louis XV. came to the throne. The arbitrary spirit 



^ Thedecisioa of the Popej in the quarrel betweeu the Jansenists 
and Jesuits. 



72 MEMOIRS OF 

of Louis, led him to espouse the cause of the pope, and the 
Jesuits ; Parliaments as warmly espoused the cause of the 
people. Arbitrary power, united in the pope and king, to- 
gether with the absurd superstition of the church of Rome, 
became the subjects of dispute. 

Here, as in all such controversies, was displayed the ex- 
tremes of the passions ; liberty was arrayed against tyranny, 
licentiousness against superstition, and science and philosophy 
against ignorance and corruption : the conflict was violent ; 
Louis pushed his powers to the extreme ; the Parliaments 
wei'e firm ; Louis dissolved the Parliaments ; their spirits 
were unbroken ; the people clamored ; one Francis Da- 
mien, (a fanatic) stabbed the king ; this brought him to his 
senses : he recovered of the wound, and restored the parlia- 
ments. They now triumphed in their turn ; they demanded 
that the Jesuits, who had caused the quarrel, should be sup- 
pressed : Louis complied, abolished their order, gave them 
up to civil prosecutions, and banished them from France, 
The corruptions of their institute were discovered, and ex- 
posed to the world ; their colleges were seized ; their 
estates confiscated ; and they became the reproach of the 
world. 

Elated with this great victory, the Parliaments attempted to 
limit and humble the crown. They not Only refused to re- 
gister certain obnoxious edicts of the king : but commenced 
prosecutions against such authorities as dared to oppose 
them : here they were at issue again, and the contest con- 
tinued. 

At this period, the Marquis La Fayette returned from 
America to France, to become an actor in the distressing 
scenes of his own country. The revenue of France, had 
been greatly deranged by the aid she had given to the Uni- 
ted States, and there appeared no one competent to the task 
of restoring it. Numerous expedients were resorted to, 
from time to time, to accomplish the desired object, but they 
all proved abortive. At length the Minister of Finance, 
Monsieur Calonne, proposed to the King, to convene one of 
the great councils of the nation, that of the States General 
or of the Notables. The former consisted of deputies cho- 
sen by the three estates, viz. the nobility, clergy and the 
people ; but it had not been convened since the days of 
Louis XIIL in 1614. The Assembly of Notables consisted 



LA FAYETTE. 

of members selected from the higher orders of the state, 
from all parts of the kingdom, immediately by the call of the 
King, and was prefered, at this time by the minister, as be- 
ing most likely to favour the views of the crown. The 
King met the views of the Minister, and writs were issued 
accordingly, to convene the Notables on the 29th of Decem- 
ber, 1 786. The Marquis La Fayette was called as a member 
of this Assembly. On the 22d of February, through various 
delays, the Assembly was opened for the first time, and the 
Minister Calonne opened his plan for organizing and re- 
t«toring the finances of the kingdom ; but the Count Mira= 
beau was there, and opposed the plans of the minister 
with such violence as induced him to resign in disgust, and 
retire to England. Th-c views of this Assembly were wholly 
at variance with the object for which they were convened, 
and the rights of the crown ; the seeds of the old quarrel 
soon began to expand, and instead of bettering the state of 
the finances, they directed their whole strength to abridge 
the powers of the crown. Louis appointed the Archbishop 
of Toulouse to succeed the Minister Calonne ; ordered the 
Assembly to be dissolved, and attempted to raise a revenue 
by his royal edicts. The Parliament of Paris interposed, 
and declared that " whoever should attempt to enforce the 
edicts of the King should be declared an enemy to his coun- 
try." The King attempted to dismiss the Parliament ; bui 
before they dissolved their sittings they registered an opin- 
ion, " that no permanent tax could be legally imposed, ex- 
cept by the authority of the estates of the kingdom, viz. the 
nobility, the clergj^ and the people." This measure put. a 
veto upon the proceedings of the King, and he recalled the 
Parliament, and entered into a compromise, by giving up or 
recallmg his edicts, with an expectation that the Parliament 
would meet him upon this conciliatory gTound ; but he was 
deceived ; and the Parliament rose in their own estimation 
and demands. The King, in November, laid before them one 
edict, for raising about two million sterling, by loan, and an 
other, for re-establishing the protestants in their civil rights.. 
The Duke of Orleans, (first prince of the blood) entered his 
protest against the edicts, as an infringement of the rights of 
parliament ; the King retired in disgust, and the parliament 
sanctioned the protest. 

7 



74 MEMOIRS OF 

The King resented this outrage upon his authority, hy or- 
deringthe banishment of the Duke of Orleans, and issuing 
Uttres de cachet against two of the most refractory members : 
but the Duke was recalled, and the members set at liberty 
soon after. 

The King next removed the Secretary of Finance, and re- 
called Neckar. This was a change of men only ; a revolu- 
tion had commenced, and no change of measures could be ef- 
fected, but such as were carried forward m the general cur- 
rent of the passions of the day. 

M. Neckar proposed to the King to convene the States 
General, as the only possible expedient of relieving the em- 
barrassment of the finances ; the King consented ; the As- 
sembly of the States Gene?al was convened accordingly, and 
commenced their sittings on the 5th of May, 1789. The 
King opened the Assembly with a conciliatory speech, and 
besought them to remove the embarrassments of the nation ; 
but it had no effect. The passions that had kindled and kept 
alive the old quarrel were soon displayed in the States Gen- 
eral. The nobility and clergy were determined to carry all 
questions by a majority of their orders ; the commons objec- 
ted, who, being joined by several of the nobility and clergy, 
with the AbbeSieyes at their head, resolved, upon amotion 
of the Abbe, " that the commons, with such members of the 
nobility and clergy as had united with them, were the known 
and acknowledged representatives of the nation." This mo- 
tion was carried the next day, and the name of States Gener- 
al was changed to that of the Natio7ial Assembly. 

The power was now in the hands of the people, and they 
commenced their regular attacks upon the powers of the 
crown. To check this procedure, the King directed ex- 
pressly, that the three orders in the Assembly should sepa- 
rate ; but the commons opposed the order ; and upon a mo- 
tion of Count Mirabeau, voted *' that the person of each mem- 
ber should be considered as inviolable." 

The Marquis La Fayette was a member of this Assembly, 
and in the month of July following, he opened the subject of 
a constitution to the Assembly, by an address, which contamed 
the following memorable remarks : 

*' Call to mind the sentiments which nature has engraven 
uposi the heart of every citizen ; and which assumes a new 



LA FAYETTE. 75 

force when recognized by all. For a nation to love libert)% 
it is sufficient that she knows it ; for a nation to be free, it is 
sufficient that she wills it." 

Overawed in some measure by the large assemblage of 
troops in and about Paris, the Assembly saw the necessity of 
a military force, to counteract the movements of the crown. 
They resolved that 40,000 citizens should be enrolled as na- 
tional guards ; and in two days, 270,000 men were enrolled in 
the city of Paris. The Marquis La Fayette was appointed 
Commander in Chief of the national guards, which was ap- 
proved by the King. 

The guards were without arms ; but they seized upon all 
that fell in their way. A vast mob assaulted the hospital of 
invalids ; took 30,0'^^0 muskets and 20 pieces of cannon. They 
next intercepted all the couriers of the court, and disclosed 
their despatches. 

The National Assembly sent a deputation to the King, with 
a demand, that the large body of troops in the Champ de Mars 
should be withdrawn ; to which the King replied, " I have 
already made known to you the measures the disorders in 
Paris have obliged me to adopt ; I alone have the right to 
Judge of the necessity, and in that respect can make no change." 
The troops, however, were withdrawn in the night. 

On the next day, the people, still in quest of arms, went 
to the Bastile, and sent a small deputation to the gover- 
nor, who were admitted ; soon a firing was heard within 
the prison ; this enraged the populace ; they flew to the 
Bastile with a strong military force, the governor fired on 
the mob with cannon and grape shot, which so enraged the 
populace that an immediate assault commenced ; the gover- 
nor displayed the white flag ; a parly ensued, and a second 
deputation was admitted ; a second firing commenced within 
the prison. This became the signal for a general assault ; a 
violent conflict ensued ; the prison was forced ; the gover- 
nor massacred ; the principal officers executed, and their 
heads exhibited upon poles, throughout the streets of Paris. 
The prisoners were set free ; the keys were carried to the 
National Assembly, and they decreed the destruction of the 
Bastile. This decree was immediately executed, by an in- 
furiated mob. 

The destruction of thfi Bastile diffused a general spirit of 



?B MEMOIRS OF 

t^uthusiastn and triumph throughout the nation, and may he 
r-onsidered as the tocsin of that liberty, which eventually 
changed the political character of France. 

The King the next day repaired to the Hall of the Na- 
tional Assembly, and by a speech, attempted to soothe the 
violence of the proceedings. But it was now too late ; the 
die was cast ; negotiation was now at an end ; violence had 
commenced ; blood had been spilt ; and the nation was in 
arms. This explosion had disclosed the passions that had 
been in agitation for nearly a half century, and had been 
ripening for this scene since the days of Louis XIV. 

Alarmed for their safety, the princes of the blood, and ma- 
ny of the nobility, and clergy, abandoned their country, and 
fled into exile. The populace, enraged at this procedure, 
took vengeance on such as remained ; cut off their heads and 
exposed them upon poles, through the streets of Paris — Au- 
gust 4 . 

On the 15th of August, the Assembly decreed the inviola- 
bility of the King, freedom of opinion in matters of religion, 
liberty of speech, liberty of the press, and the rights of man. 
The alarm became general in Paris ; the King sent the plate 
of the crown to the mint ; the Assembly sent the plate of the 
church to the mint. 

On the 5th of October, an infuriated mob assembled at Ver- 
sailles, with an intent to murder the King and Q,ueen, and 
royal family. But the Marquis La Fayette put himself at the 
head of the national guards, and arrived in season to check 
the outrage, and save the royal iamily. The next day, he 
conducted the King and Queen, and royal family, to Paris, at 
the head of 60,000 men, and lodged them in the palace of the 
Thuilleries. The same night the Assembly sent to the King 
a deputation, with the declaration of the rights of man, which 
he accepted. 

On the 1st of November, the Assembly decreed the aboli- 
tion of all lettres de cachet, all arbitrary imprisonments, all dis- 
tinction of orders, and the confiscation of ecclesiastical es- 
tates ; a free toleration m rehgion, and an equality of privi- 
leges. These violent proceedings, in such rapid succession, 
alarmed the friends of the crown, and led the^ to attempt u 
union of effort, to check this mad career, and save the King 
and governmeiit from licentiousness, and restore the author- 
ity of the crown. This effort existed only in name, and ser- 



LA FAYETTE. 77 

ved only to inflame the populace. The system of revolu- 
tion had long been matured, and every means was regularly 
seized to progress the plan. A government was now fixed 
in the National Assembly ; a military force was organized ; 
the Bastile was destroyed ; the King was a prisoner in his 
palace, and his prerogative was set at defiance with the de- 
cree of the rights of man. The clergy, who had so violently 
assisted the crown to enforce the bull Unigenitus, were now 
stripped of their power, by the act of free toleration, and the 
confiscation of their estates. Money alone was now wanting 
to consummate the views of the revolutionists ; this they 
knew could not be raised by taxes upon the people ; the 
Assembly therefore issued paper money, called assignats, and 
decreed the Jews of Spain, Portugal and Avignon, citizens of 
France, and their taxes abolished — January 1790. They 
next caused the civil oath to be administered to the King and 
the whole cit}'^ of Paris ; all religious cloisters to be abolish- 
ed, and their estates confiscated. The Minister of Finance, 
Neckar, sent in his resignation to the Assembly ; they de- 
creed a monument to be erected to the memory of J. J. Ros- 
seau, and that his widow and family be supported at the pub- 
lic expence. These were the general outlines of the pro- 
ceedings of the Assembly this year ; but the distractions of 
the city of Paris can never be described. 

In February 1791, the Marquis La Fayette addressed the 
following letter to one of the members of the National Assem- 
bly, then in the country : 

*' Paris is divided by factions, and the kingdom oppressed 
by anarchy. The violent aristocrats dream of a counter 
revolution — the clergy concur with them. The impartial 
monarchists are looking for a part to play, without the means 
of doing it. Among the fri^ds of the revolution, you have 
many honest men, some lose themselves in speculations — 
and some Jacobins, whose leaders spread trouble every 
where. As to the ministers, they are merged in the revolu- 
tion ; and have no rule, but to yield to the popular voice. 
The-^^ueen is resigned to the revolution, — hoping that opin- 
ions will soon change. The King wishes the happiness of 
the people, and the general tranquillity, to begin his own. As 
to myself, I am attacked by all the party leaders, who con- 
sider roe an obstacle not to be overcome, or intimidated. Add 
7* 



7^ MEMOIRS OF 

to this, the hatred of the aristocrats, and of the Orleans party ; 
of the Lameths, with whom I was formerly connected ; of 
Mirabeaii, who says I despise him ; the money distributed, 
the Hbels, the dissatisfaction I give those whom I prevent 
irom pillaging Paris — and you will have the sum of all which 
is going on against me. But except a few ardent heads who 
are mislead, the well meaning, from the highest to the low- 
est, are for me. 

" I stand well with the National Assembly, except a few 
disreputable Jacobins. I have little connexion with the 
court, for I can derive no use from it to my country ; and 
yet I am aware advantage is taken from my neglect to intrigue. 
Some friends are at work with me, upon a plan of conduct. 
by which the revolution will be consolidated, the good basis 
of the constitution established, and public order restored. 
The chief talents of the Assembly, Mirabeau himself, cannor 
but support this plan. Here then are courts established, 
and juries are decreed ; this is the moment to let our voice 
be heard with force, propriety and utility. 

" You have accepted the coalition which my heart and my 
patriotism have offered you. You lately said to one of my 
friends, " If La Fayette and I understand each other well, 
we shall establish a constitution." 

*' My first wish is to finish the revolution speedil}', and 
well, to secure the constitution on solid foundations, to em- 
ploy for that purpose, all I possess of national confidence, and 
personal means ; and then to be nothing more in France, 
than an active citizen. Adieu, 

LA FAYETTE." 

In April, 1791 , the King attempted to go to St. Cloud to pass 
the Easter holy-days ; a violent tumult ensued, and the Kins; 
and royal family were compelltd by the mob to return to the 
Thuilleries. Here, for the first time, Louis realized that he 
was a prisoner in his palace ; here, for the first time, the 
Marquis La Fayette began to realize, that it was easier to 
raise popular tumult, than to check and controul it ; and that 
what he and his friends, the Moderates, had contemplated afi 
it reform in the government, had now become a revolution 
in the hands of the Jacobins, irresistible and uncontroulable. 
ihe complaints of the King to the Assembly produced no 
mora effect^ than the remonstrances of the Marquis La Fay- 



LA FAYETTE. 79 

ettc to the mob. The King was a prisoner ; the govern- 
ment subverted, ond the efforts of man could not controul the 
violence of the tornado. 

Disgusted with the proceedings, and enraged at the disobe* 
diencc of the national guards, the Marquis La Fayette i^sign- 
ed his command. This step alarmed the National Assembly ; 
they knew the Marquis La Fayette to be a brave, and an 
honest man, and felt themselves safe when he was in com- 
mand ; and they united their infiuence with the national gu;irds 
to induce him to resume the command. After repeated so- 
licitations and assurances, the Marquis complied with their 
wishes, and resumed the command of the miUtary. 

At this time, the minister at war announced to the Assem- 
bly, that the emigrants were assembled on the frontier, to in- 
vade France ; that they had been reviewed by the prince 
of Conde ; that their uniform was black, faced with yellow, 
and their motto, " Conquer, or die." This inflamed the As- 
sembly and the nation like a shock of electricity ; they de- 
creed the ashes of Voltaire worthy the Pantheon ; the pop- 
ulace assembled in the Palace Royal, and burnt the Pope in 
effigy. The violence of the new principles were now dis- 
played ; Voltaire was deified, and the Pope consumed. 
This v/as, in miniature, the triumph of the old parties ; the 
fall of superstition, and the triumph of philosophy ; but the 
triumph of the szvord of Charlemagne zvas yet behind the cur- 
tain ; this was in the hands of a set of men who had not yet 
disclosed it. 

The King, aware of the eventful crisis that awaited him, 
attempted to convey his family, by a secret flight, to Montme- 
dy, a strong town on the north of France ; but he was arres- 
ted at Varennes by the populace, and conducted back to Paris- 
under a guard of 30,000 men, and again committed to tht 
Thuilleries, June 29th, 179L 

The following Placards were posted upon the walls ot" 
Paris : 

'' Whoever shall applaud the King, shall be cudgelled ; 
whoever shall insidt the King, shall be hanged." The gen- 
eral alarm was great, but the Marquis La Fayette conducted 
the escort with great solemnity and good order ; and the Na- 
tional Assembly became permanent. They sent a deputa- 
tion to the King to inquire into the cause of his departure ; 
and he assured them it was not his intentioa to leave the 



no M^ioiRS Of 

kingdom, but only to reside at Montmedy, until the natioft be- 
came tranquil, and the constitution settled ; he remonstra- 
ted against the riotous abuse the Queen received in Paris, 
and expressed great anxiety for her safety. This movement 
of the King rekindled the flames of the revolution. Robes- 
pierre appeared in the Champ de Mars, at the head of a vast 
multitude, and petitioned that the king might be dethroned. 

At this critical moment, a coalition commenced between 
the Emperor Leopold and the King of Prussia, against 
France. 

On the 1st of August, the Minister at War announced that 
the emigrants, to the number of 8000, were assembled upon 
the Meuse and Moselle, under the Prince of Conde, and 
were supported by another body of 10,000, headed by the 
two brothers of the King. 

" On the 14th of September, the new Constitution was fin- 
ished, and presented to the King, by a deputation of 60 
members, and the Assembly decreed, that the Constitution 
be solemnly published throughout France. The King re- 
ceived the Constitution, and repaired immediately to the 
Hall of the National Assembly to sign it. Pie closed his 
memorable speech upon this occasion with these words : 

" I come solemnly to consecrate my acceptation of the 
constitutional code ; and I swear to be faithful to the nation 
and the laws ; and to emplo}^ all the powers with which 1 am 
intrusted to maintain the constitution decreed by the Na- 
tional Assembly, and to cause the laws to be executed. May 
this great and memorable epoch, be the cause of re-estab- 
lishing peace, and union ; and become the basis of the wel- 
fare of the people, and the prosperity of the empire." 

The burst of applause which filled all Paris, and resound- 
ed through the nation, cannot be described. A grand festi- 
val was given in the Champ Ehsses ; one hundred thousand 
citizens danced upon the occasion ; and at the distance of 
every hundred yards, was constructed a highly illuminated 
orchestra, where the musicians played ; and the air re- 
sounded every half hour, with the dischatge of one hundred 
and thirty pieces of cannon, placed on the banks of the 
Seine. Upon a tree of liberty, planted upon the old site of 
the Bastile, was displayed the following inscription ; 



LA FAYETTE. Sf 

'• Here is the epoch of liberty. We dance on the ruins oj 
despotism. The Constitutio7i is finished. Long live patriot^ 
i^m^ 

This exhibition was given in order to make an agreeable 
impression upon the nation. .To render that impresFion 
more permanent, a vast amphitheatre was constructed in the 
Champ de Mars, that would contain more than three hundred 
thousand spectators. The 1 4th of Jul}^ was the day assign- 
ed for the king and all the authorities of France publicly to 
take the oath of fidelity to the Constitution. " The temple 
where the ceremony was to be performed, was erected in 
the middle of the Champ de Mars. In a large circle on this 
spot, twelve posts, between 50 and 60 feet high, were pla» 
ced at equal distances, except in front, where a large space 
was left between them, by the way of entrance. On each 
alternate post was fastened ivy, laurel, &c. so as to formu 
thick body, which entirely covered up the post. These 
greens were shorn into the form of Doric columns, of dimen- 
sions proportioned to their height. The intervening posts 
were covered with white cloth, which was so artificially 
folded, as exactly to resemble fluted pillars, from the bases 
of which ascended spiral wreaths of flowers. The whole 
was connected at the top by a bold festoon of foliage, and the 
capital of each column was surmounted at top by a vase of 
white lilUes. In the middle of this temple was placed the 
altar, hung round with lillies, and on this was placed the 
book of the constitution. The ascent to the altar was by a 
large flight of steps, covered with beautiful tapestry." 

" At a short distance from the altar was erected a throne 
for the King, and a magnificent pavillion for the Queen and 
royal family. Triumphal arches also were prepared through 
which the procession was to pass. 

'•Everything having been arranged and decorated, Uie 
important era was ushered in, by the firing of cannon, ring- 
ing of bells, and great parade. 

"At 10 o'clock the grand procession was formed. Gen- 
eral La Fayette advanced at the head of the national guards, 
followed by the electors of the city of Paris ; the principal 
members of the municipality ; the deputies of the National 
Assembly ; the deputies from the different departments ; a 
deputation from the army and navy, headed by two Marshal 



82 >1£M0IRS OF 

of France. A body of national guards closed the proces- 
sion. 

" The King had been appointed, for that day only, su- 
preme commander of all the national guards of France, 
and he named General La Fayette as his delegate to perform 
the duties. 

" The ceremony was introduced by the celebration of 
mass, at which the Bishop of Autun, (Talleyrand,) officiated. 
General La Fayette, as commander in chief, first advanced 
to take the oath. AVhen he left th^ foot of the throne, and 
moved towards the altar, the trumpets be^an to sound ; and 
a vast band of martial music continued to play until he ascend- 
ed the steps of the altar. He then laid the point of his 
sword upon the Bible, which lay upon the table of the altar, 
and raising his other hand towards the sky, the music ceas- 
ed ; a universal silence prevailed, whilst he pronounced, 
'• We swear to be forever faithful to the Nation, the law, 
and to the King ; to maintain to the utmost of our powers, 
the Constitution decreed by the National Assembly, and ac- 
cepted by the King." As soon as he had finished, the trum- 
pets began again to sound ; but were drowned by the acclam- 
ations of Vive la Nation. 

" The members of the National Assembly then rose, and 
when the president pronounced the oath in his own name, 
each member repeated aloud, ' I swear,' &c. until the oath 
was closed." 

Again the trumpets sounded, and the people cried, Vive 
la Nation. 

After the same manner, all distinct bodies took the oath. 

Lastly, the King arose to take the oath, and stretching his 
hand towards the altar, repeated "I, King of the French, 
swear to employ all. the power that is consigned to me by 
the Constitutional Law of the State, in maintaining the Con- 
stitution, which has been decreed by the National Assembly, 
and accepted by me ; and I swear to put the laws in execu- 
tion." 

*' A signal being given that the King had taken the oath, 
the air resounded with alternate peals of artillery, and 
shouts of the people ; and thus the ceremony closed." , 

The Constituent or National Assembly closed its sittings 
on the 30th of September, J 791 . The new Legislative A?- 



LA FAYETTE. 83 

aeuibly,beiug regularly chosen under the new Constitution, 
commenced its sittings on the 1st of October. 

The King of the French despatched letters to all the emi- 
grant princes, conjuring them to return to France ; but they 
had carried with them the seeds of the old quarrel ; they 
were not cordial to this new order of things ; it went directly 
to destroy all their power ; and they refused to return. 
The Count de Artois declared, that they had taken up arms 
to restore the Roman Catholic religion and its ministers, and 
to give the King his liberty and authority. The Assembly 
passed a decree to compel them to return ; but the King re- 
fused to sanction the decree. 

Thus balanced under the new order of things, new scenes^ 
soon opened to view. A society of Moderates, styled Feu- 
illans, was formed, and began to diffuse their influence and 
sentiments to regulate the government. This society breath- 
ed the opinions of reform, not revolution in government ; 
limited monarchy, such as was contemplated by the Marquis 
La Fayette and others ; not a republican system. This 
club called into view the Jacobin Club, which originated in 
an assemblage of about forty literary gentlemen, in the life- 
time of Voltaire, and m the reign of Louis XV. for the pur- 
pose of diffusing general information in France. The prin- 
cipal design of this club was to counteract the despotic pow- 
er of Popish'superstition, and through the means of a more 
general knowledge, to rouse up the nation to a just sense of 
their rights, and to inspire them with zeal to recover their 
ancient power and greatness. 

The club of the Feuillans or Moderates was opposed to 
this, and their opposition forced the Jacobins from their 
concealment. They came forward boldly ; and met regu- ' 
larly. Their numbers were small, but their names had 
great weight, and gave strength and influence to the club, un- 
til it soon bore down, and destroyed the Moderates. 

The great plan of this club was to discuss such questions 
as were most likely to claim the attention of the National 
Assembly, and thus to influence and controul that body. 
This club was regularly organized, with a president, secre- 
tary, &c. ; and the debates were conducted with the greatest 
order. Auditors were admitted into the galleries, wh© 
caught the spirit of the club, and by their applause, prg- 



84 MEMOIRS OF 

claimed it through the nation. The influence of this Jaco- 
bin club soon became great, and gave law to the nation. 

At this eventful crisis appeared Condorcet's manifesto, ad- 
dressed to all states and nations ; the National Assembly de- 
creed it, and presented it to the King. Two sentences of 
this will be a sufficient sample of the whole : 

*' Peace, which imposture, intrigue and treason have ban- 
ished, will never cease to be our first wishes. France will 
take up arms, compelled to do so for her internal peace and 
safety ; she will be seen to lay them down with joy the mo- 
ment she is assured there is nothing to fear for that liberty, 
for that equality, which is now the only element in which 
Frenchmen can live." 

Condorcet was a Jacobin, and here disclosed the whole 
plan which had been so long concealed ; and in concealment, 
wrought such astonishing effects. The compact for a mil- 
itarv republic was formed, and the King, like Charles I. of 
England, was only a tool in the hands of the Jacobin club. 

In January, 1792, the National Assembly passed a decree 
against the emigrant princes. 

The King of Prussia publicly declared " that Louis XVI. 
having accepted the new Constitution, prevented his acting 
in his defence." 

The affairs of the revolution now began to excite a gen- 
eral alarm throughout Europe. They all knew what France 
once was, and what she had never ceased in her efforts to 
become again, viz. the empire of the west ; they dreaded a 
military republic in the heart of Europe, atmed with all the 
resources, military experience, and wild enthusiasm of 
France. The King of Prusssia and the King of Bohemia en- 
'tered into a secret treaty, to prepare for the worst. This 
treaty was soon known in France, and excited alarm. 

Louis XVI. to secure his own safety, wrote immediately 
to the Emperor. *' I demand of the King of Bohemia an 
entire renunciation of all coalition and armament against 
France, and I declare to him, that if he does not do this, the 
King will regard him, from the present, as in a state of war." 
The Emperor died in 36 hours, and was succeeded by his 
eldest son Francis II. He immediately announced to the 
world, through his minister, that he had adopted the political 
system of the Emperor, his father. A general change now 
took place in the French ministry. 



LA FAYETTE. ;i.:. 

At this time, the Marquis La Fayette was appointed, at 
the request of the King, to take command of the army of the 
centre, in Flanders, to oppose a foreign invasion. General 
La Fayette accepted the appointment, and in his acceptance 
asiured the Assembly of " his determination to support thp 
Constitution." 

To which the President replied: *' The French natio?) 
who have sworn to conquer and to live free, will always, 
with confidence, present to their foes and to tyrants, thf- 
Constitution, and La Fayette." 

The Marquis retired immediately to his post, and used hi- 
utmost exertions to introduce a spirit of discipline and order 
into his department of the army ; but the factions of the 
National Assembly had extended to the armies, and the gen- 
erals w^ere all watched by commissioners delegated from that 
body, with powers to regulate and control their movements. 
Impressed with the ruinous absurdity of this procedure, the 
Marquis wrote the following letter to the Legislative body : 

At the entrenched camp of f 
Maubeuge, i6thJune^ll92. ^ 

'* Gentlemen — At the moment, perhaps too long deferred s 
in which I am about to call your attention to the highest pub 
lie interests, and to point out among our dangers, the conduct 
of a ministry f whom I have for a long time censured in m\ 
correspondence, I learn that, unmasked in consequence ot 
its own division, it has fallen a sacrifice to its own intrigues 
[This was the Brissotin ministry.] It is not enough howev- 
er, that this branch of the government has been delivered 
from its disastrous influence. The public welfare is in per- 
il — The fate of France depends principally on its represen 
tatives — The nation expect from them its security. But in 
giving them a constitution, France has prescribed to them 
the only means by which she can be saved. 

" Persuaded, gentlemen, that as the rights of man are the 
law of every constituent assembly, a constitution ought to be 
the law of the legislators, which that constitution shall have 
established. It is to you that I ought to denounce the too 
powerful efforts which are maldng, to induce you to depart 
from that course which you have promised to pursue. 

*' Nothing shall deter me from the services of this right of 
a free man^ to fulfil this duty of a citizen ; neither the ma- 
8 



86 MEMOIRS OF 

mentary errors of opinion ; for what are opinions when they 
depart from principles ; nor my respect for the representa- 
iives of the people ; for I respect still more the people^ 
whose sovereign will it is to have a constitution : nor the be- 
nevolence and kindness which you have constantly evinced 
for myself ; for I would preserve that as I obtained it, by an 
inflexible love of liberty. 

" Your situation is difficult — France is menaced from with- 
out, and agitated within. Whilst foreign powers announce 
the intolerable (inadmissible) project of attacking our na- 
tional sovereignty, and avow it as a principle ! at the same 
time the enemies of France, its interior enemies, intoxicated 
with fanaticism and pride, entertain chimerical hopes, and 
annoy us with their insolent malevolence. You ought, gen- 
tlemen, to repress them ; and you will have the power so to 
do, only when you shall become constitutional and just. You 
wish it, no doubt; but cast your. eyes upon all that passes 
within your own body and around you. Can you dissemble 
even to yourself, that a faction, (and to avoid all vague de- 
nunciations) the jacobin faction, have caused all these disor- 
ders ? It IS that which I boldly accuse — organized like a sep- 
arate empire in the metropolis, and in its affiliated societies, 
blindly directed by some ambitious leaders, this sect forms a 
corporation entirely distinct in the midst of the French peo- 
ple, whose powers it usurps, by tyrannizing over its repre- 
sentatives and constituted authorities. 

" It is in that body, in its public meetings, the love of the 
laws is denounced as aristocracy, and their breach as patri- 
otism. There the assassins of Dessilles receive their tri- 
umphs, the crimes of Jourdan find panegyrists. There, the 
recital of the massacre which has stained the city of Mentz, 
has also been received with infernal acclamations ! Have 
they become sacred because the Emperor Leopold has pro- 
nounced their name ? And because it is our highest duty to 
combat ihe foreigners, who mingle in our domestic quarrels, 
are we at liberty to refrain from delivering our country from 
domestic tyranny ? 

" Of what importance is it, as to the fulfilment of this 
duty, that strangers have their projects and their connivance, 
and concert with our internal foes ? It is I, who denounce 
to you this sect [the jacobms ;] I, who, without speaking of 
my past life, can repl^ to those who suspect my motives— 



LA FAYETTE. 87 

• Approach, in this moment of awful crisis, when the char- 
acter of each man must be known, and see which of us, more 
inflexible in his principles, more obstinate in his resistance, 
will more courageously overcome those obstacles and those 
dangers, which traitors to their country conceal, and which 
true citizens know how to appreciate, and to brave for her." 

" And how could I delay longer to fulfil this duty, whilst 
every successive day weakens still more the constituted au- 
thorities, substitutes the spirit of party, for the will of the 
people ; whilst the audacity of the agitators, [the disorgan- 
jzers] imposes silence on peacable citizens, throws into re- 
tirement useful men, and whilst devotion to the sect or party 
stands in the place of public and private virtues, which, in 
a free country, ought to be the austere [severe, or strict] 
and only means of attaining to public office. 

" It is, after having opposed to all the obstacles, and to all 
the snares, which were laid for me,^the courageous and per- 
severing patriotism ef an army, sacrificed perhaps to con- 
spiracies against its commander, [La Fayette was the com- 
mander] that I now oppose to this faction, the correspon- 
dence of a ministry^ worthy representatives of its club — a 
correspondence, the calculations of which are false, its 
promises vain and illusory — its information deceitful or friv- 
olous — its advice perfidious or contradictory — correspon- 
dence, in which, after pressing me to advance without pre- 
caution — to attack without means — they finally began to tell 
me that resistance was impossible, when I indignantly repelled 
the cowardly and base assertion. What a remarkable con- 
formity of language, gentlemen, between the factions whom 
the aristocracy avow, and those who usurp the name of pat- 
riots! They both wish to overthrow our laws, rejoice in 
our disorders, array themselves against the constituted au- 
thorities, detest the national guards (the militia) — preach in- 
subordination to the army — sow, at one moment distrust, at 
another discouragement. 

"As to myself, gentlemen, who embraced the American 
cause at the moment when its embassadors declared to me that 
it was perilous or desperate — who from that moment have 
devoted my life to a persevering defence of liberty and of 
the sovereignty of the people — who, on the 14th of July, 
1789, (after the taking of the Bastile,) in presenting to my 
country a declaration of rights, dared to say, ** that in order 



,8 MEMOIRS OF 

that a nation should be free, it is only necessary that it should 
ui7/ so to be." I come, this day, full of confidence in the 
justice of our cause — of contempt, for the cowards who de- 
sert it, and of indignation against the traitors who would sul~ 
ly or stain it with crimes ; I am ready to declare that the 
French nation, if it is not the vilest in the universe, can and 
ought to resist the conspiracy of Kings who have coalesced 
against it ! 

•'It is not in the midst of my brave army that timid coun- 
sels should be permitted. — Patriotism, discipline, patience, 
mutual confidence, all the military and civil virtues I find 
here. Here the principles of liberty and equality are cher- 
ished, the laws respected, and property held sacred. Here ca- 
lumnies and factions are unknown. And when 1 reflect that 
France has maary millions who can become such soldiers, I 
lisk myself, to what a degree of debasement must such an 
immense people be reduced, stronger in its natural resources 
than in its artificial defences, opposing to a monstrous and 
discordant confederation, simple and united counsels and 
combinations, that the cowardly, degrading idea of sacrificing 
its sovreignty, of permitting any discussion as to its liberties* 
of committing to negociation its rights, could be considered 
among the possibilities of a rapidly advancing futurity ! 

'' But, in order that we, soldiers of hberty, should com- 
bat for her with efficacy, or die for her with any fruit or ad- 
vantage, it is necessary that the number of the defenders ol 
the country should be promptly made in some degree pro- 
portionate to that of our opponents ; that the supplies of all 
descriptions should be increased so as to facilitate our move- 
ments ; that the comfort and conveniences of the troops^ 
their clothes and arms, their pay, the accommodations for 
the sick, should no longer be subject to fatal delays, or to a 
miserable and misplaced economy, which defeats its very 
end. 

" Itis, above all, necessary that the citizens rallied round 
their constitution, should be assured, that the rights which 
that constitution guarantees, all be respected with a reli- 
gious fidelity ; which will of itself cause more despair to our 
enemies, than any other measure. 

*' Do not repel this desire — this ardent wish. It is that 

of all the sincere friends of your legitimate authority ; as- 

ired that no unjust consequence or effect can flow from a 



LA FAYETTE. 89 

pure principle — that no tyrannical measure can save a cause, 
which owes its force, aye, and its glory, to the sacred prin- 
ciples of liberty and equality. Let criminal jurisprudence 
resume its constitutional power. Let civil equality — let re- 
ligious freedom enjoy the application of their true princi- 
ples. In fine, let the reign of the clubs be annihilated by 
you ; let them give place to the laws — their usurpation to 
the firm and independent exercise of the powers of the con- 
stituted authorities — their disorganizing maxims to the true 
principles of liberty — their delirious fury to the calm and 
constant courage of a nation which knows its rights, and is 
ready to defend them — in fine, their sectarian combinations, 
to the true interests of the country, of the nation, which in 
a moment of danger ought to unite all, except those, to 
whom its subjection and ruin are the objects of atrocious 
pleasure and infamous speculation. 

LA FAYETTE." 

General La Fayette, at the same time, addressed the follow- 
ing letter to the king : 

'* Camp of Maubeuge, June \6th, 1792. 

" iSir€ — I have the honour to send your Majesty the copy 
of a letter to the National Assembly, in which you will find 
expressed the sentiments which have animated me all my 
life. The King knows with what ardour and perseverance 
I have at all times been devoted to the cause of liberty and 
to the principles of humanity, equality and justice. He 
knows, that I have always been the adversary o{ faction, the 
enemy of licentiousness, and that no power which I thought 
illegal has ever been acknowledged by me. He is acquaint- 
ed with my devotion to his constitutional authority, and with 
my attachment to his person. Such, Sire, were the grounds 
of my letter to the National Assembly ; such shall be those 
of my conduct to the nation of your Majesty, amidst the 
storms raised around us by hostile or by factious combina- 
tions. 

" It does not belong to me. Sire, to give greater impor- 
tance to my opinions and actions, than what is due to the in- 
dividual conduct of a simple citizen. But the expression of 
my thoughts was always a right, and on this occasion becomes 
a duty ; and though I should have performed it sooner, if, 
instead of being in a camp, I had remained in that retirement 
8* 



90 MEMOIRS OF 

from which I was forced by the dangers of my country ; yet 
I do not think that any pubhc employment or private consid- 
eration exempts me from exercising this duty of a citizea; 
this right of a freeman. 

" Persist, Sire, supported by the authority delegated to 
you by the national will, in the noble resolution of defending 
oonistitutional principles against all their enemies. Let this 
resolution, maintained by all the actions of our private life, 
as well as by a firm and complete exercise of the royal pow- 
er, become the pledge of the harmony, which, particularly 
at this critical juncture, cannot fail to be established between 
the e^ec^€c?representatives of the people and their hereditaria 
representative. It is in this resolution. Sire, that glory and 
safety will be found for the country and for yourself. With 
this you will find the friends of hberty, all good Frenchmen 
ranged around your throne, to defend it against the plots or 
rebels, and the enterprizes of the factious ; and 1, Sire, who 
in their honourable hatred have found the reward of my 
persevering opposition ; I will always deserve it, by my 
zeal in the cause to which my whole life has been devoted, 
and by my fidelity to the oath I have taken to the nation, to 
the law, and to the King. Such, Sire, are the unalterable sen- 
timents I present to your Majestv, with my respect. 

LA FAYETTE." 

Soon after this, the Marquis La Fayette repaired to Paris, 
and appeared at the bar of the National Assembly, where he 
remonstrated and protested against the violence of their pro- 
ceedings. When he left Paris, to return to his army, he ad- 
dressed to the Assembly the following letter : 

" Gentlemen — In returning to the post where brave sol- 
diers are ready to die for the Constitution, but ought not, and 
will not lavish their blood, except for that, I go with great 
and deep regret in not being able to inform the army, that 
the National Assembly have yet deigned to come to any de- 
termination on my petition. [Alluding to the request in his 
letter to the Assembly a short time before, to suppress the 
Jacobin clubs.] The voice of all the good citizens of the 
kingdom, which some foctious clamours strive to stifle, daily 
call to the elected representatives of the people, that while 
there exists near them a sect who fetter all the authorities.. 
afld menaco their independence ; and who, after provoking 



LA FAYETTE. 91 

• 
war, are endeavouring, by changing the nature of our cause, 
to make it impossible to defend it ; that while there is cause 
10 blush at the importunity of an act of treason against the 
nnlion, which iias raised just and great alarm in the minds of 
alJ the French, and universal indignation ; our liberty, laws, 
and honour,;are in danger. Truths like these, free and gen- 
erous souls are not afraid of speaking. Hostile to the fac- 
tious of every kind, indignant at cowards that can sink so 
low as to look for foreign interposition, and impressed with 
the principle, which I glory in being the first to declare to 
France, that all illegal power is oppression, against which re- 
sistance becomes a duty, we are anxious to make known our 
fears to the legislative body. We hope that the prudence ol 
the representatives of the people will relieve our minds ol' 
them. As for me, gentlemen, who will never alter my prin- 
ciples, sentiments, or language, I thought that the National 
Assembly, considering the urgency and danger of circum- 
stances, would permit me to add my regrets and wishes to my 
profound respect. 

LA FAYETTE." 

" Noble and generous sentiments, worthy of the disciple 
of out great Washington — ' worthy of the philanthropic 
hero and firm friend of civil liberty' — worthy of the adopt- 
ed citizen of free and independent America ! Such were 
the opinions and sentiments ot Washington and his friends, 
in 1794, when our republic was assailed by foreign emissa- 
ries, and convulsed by secret associations at home, who, 
through ignorance or design, were advocates for measure* 
which would have thrown our countr}'^ into a state of anar- 
chy and misrule." 

A new court of inquisition commenced in France at this 
time, known by the name of the revolutionary tribunal ; and 
a new instrument of death was invented, called the guilo- 
tine, (from the name of the inventor.) These enthusiastic 
sons of liberty, who had inveighed so bitterly against the 
overbearing persecutions of the Pope and the King, were 
now, in their turn, become the instruments of a persecution 
ten-fold more bitter and bloody, than either ; not for ortho- 
doxy in religion, but under the sanction of the sacred name 
of liberty. They had yet to learn, that the maxim of 
•' compel them to come in," was as cruel and unjustifiable in 



92 ]\fCMOIRS OF 

• 
social as in religious rights, and that when apphed to liberty* 
can no more be justified, than when appUed to the bull Uni- 
genitus, or the Alcoran. 

The Jacobins had carefully originated a new system of 
logic. — "The end justifies the means ;" which served " as a 
smoothing plane," for the violation of every moral princi- 
ple, and at once destroyed all the sympathies of the heart. 

On the 20th of June, 1792, a mob in Paris, of 100,000 
men, armed with muskets and artillery, assaulted the palace 
of the King, in order to compel him to come into their 
measures, and sanction two decrees of the National Assem- 
bly, which he had declined. The gates were thrown open ; 
the mob entered the palace, and presented to the King tho 
red cap of liberty, on the end of a pike ; he took it, and 
put it on ; and the Q,ueen with great good humour, distribu- 
ted May branches and ribbands among the mob, as they pas- 
sed through the apartments, to the number of 40,000 men in 
arms. The King next day issued a proclamation concern- 
ing these tumults, and complamed of the violence done by 
the mob. The Minister for Foreign Aifairs announced to 
the Assembly, that Germany, Russia, Turin, Naples, Rome, 
Spain and Portugal, had conspired against France. The 
King, at the same time, announced that a Prussian army of 
52,000 men were on their march against France. The 
Duke of Brunswick, at the head of these troops, published a 
clear and laconic manifesto. 

The king alarmed at this manifesto, addressed a letter to 
the President of the National Assembly, wherein he dis- 
claimed all connection with this movement, and declared, 
•* That it was to the nation that he owed himself, and that he 
was one and the same with her." 

As soon as General La Fayette heard of the riots of the 
20th of June, he left his post, and repaired immediately to 
Paris. He was kindly received by the national guards ; a 
tree of liberty, ornamented with garlands, was planted before 
the door of his hotel, and he was greeted with the customary 
acclamations. On the 28th, he presented himself at the bar 
of the National Assembly, and in his address, avowed the sen- 
timents contained in his letter of the 16th, and then boldly 
demanded of the Assembly, in the name of the army, and all 
good citizens, "the punishment of the instigators and exe- 
cutors of the Tioleoces of the 20th of June. He also de- 



LA FAYETTE. 93 

nandeda suppression of the Jacobin club, and that the Assem- 
y]y would take measures to prevent all attempts against the 
Constitution, from internal enemies, while the army was repel- 
ing foreign force from the frontiers." 

This movement of General La Fayette produced no other 
^ifect than to rouse the vindictive passions of the Jacobins 
vgainst him. 

On the 8th of August, Jean de Brie, a violent Jacobin, mov- 
id an accusation against him, which was warmly supported by 
Brissot ; but the General triumphed over this foction, and 
was honorably acquitted. 

At the same sitting, Petion (Mayor of Paris,) appeared at 
he bar of the Assembly at the head of the commonalty, and 
iemanded, " That the King be excluded from the throne, and 
1 ministerial government be appointed, until a new King could 
be chosen." This threw off the mask ; the King now reali- 
^.ed his fate, and saw before him the grave of Charles I. He 
again attempted to escape in the garb of a peasant ; but was 
•ecognized by a centinel, and secured. Here appeared the 
result of the federation in the Champ de Mars, of the 18th of 
July. Their deputation now appeared at the bar of the As- 
sembly, August iOth, bearing a petition signed by many thou- 
sand citizens, preceeded by a pike, bearing a woollen cap,, 
with this label ; " Deposition of the King." 

x\larmed for his immediate safety, the King, attended by his 
Paris guards, the Q,ueen, his sister, and the royal children, re- 
paired to the Hall of the Assembly, and took his seat by the 
side of the President, and said ; " I am come among you to 
prevent a horrible crime convinced that while here I am 
safe." 

The collection of the mob in the morning, and the rage 
of the populace, had rendered it necessary for the King to take 
this step. Acts of open violence soon commenced ; the mob 
attacked the Swiss guards at the palace ; the guards made a 
firm resistance ; the conflict became desperate ; a horrible 
carnage ensued, and the guards were all shot down, or butch- 
ered, to a man. The mob entered the palace in triumph, 
and with unrestrained fury burst open the apartments, and 
carried off the treasures of the royal family ; and when they 
had laid waste this sanctuary of royalty, they retired, and 
dispersed. 

This horrid scene filled all Paris with terror and consteru- 



94 J^pMOIRS OF 

ation ; the National Assembly were shocked with the out- j 
rage, and caught the general alarm : some members trembled 
for their own safety ; others retired or absented themseWes. j 
In the midst of this scene of distress, they ordered the roll to i 
be called ; decreed, and took the following oath ; " I swear, | 
in the name of the nation, to maintain liberty and equality, or j 
die at my post." They also decreed, '• That the French, 
people be invited to call a national convention ; and that as \ 
the executive power had been provisionally suspended, the r 
six ministers now in power shall become the executive, and I 
present the plan for appointing a governor for the young; 
Prince royal ; and that the King and royal family remain un- ^ 
der the protection of the Assembly, and be considered as -^ 
under the safe guard of the laws, and their defence be intrus- 
ted to the national guards of Paris." They denounced, as- 
traitors and infamous, all who should quit their posts; and I 
ordered these decrees to be proclaimed to all Paris, and( 
throughout the eighty three departments. ; 

These bold measures were received with applause through- , 
out the nation, and produced a torrent of addresses to the A«- , 
sembly, and of plaudits and congratulations. 

The ministers who floated upon the top of the popular tide, 
at this time, were Danton, Le Brun, Roland, Servon 
Monge, and Claviere. The royal family was next removed 
from the convent of the Feuillans, and confined in the Tem-j 
pie. 

As soon as the news of these scenes reached the Marquisr; 
La Fayette, he addressed his army in the following style : i 

" Citizen Soldiers — It is no longer proper for me to con-J 
ceal from you what is going forward^ the constitution yoa^ 
^wore to maintain is no more ; a banditti from Marseilles, and' 
a troop of factious men, assailed the palace of theThuilleries ;1 
the National and Swiss guards made a vigorous resistance ; ' 
but for want of ammunition they were obliged to surrender. 
General D. Aifrey, his aids-de-camp, and his whole family' 
were murdered. The King, Queen, and all the royal family,' 
escaped to the National Assembly ; the faction ran thither, 
holding a sword in one hand, and a torch in the other, and; 
forced the legislative body to supersede the King, which was; 
done to save his life. 

•' Citizens, you are no longer represented ; the National As-; 



H 



LA FAYETTE. 95 

imbly is in a state of slavery ; your armies are without lead« 
•s ; Petion reigns ; the savage Danton and his satelhtes are 
asters. Thus soldiers it is your province to examine wheth- 
' you will restore the hereditary representatives to the 
irone, or submit to the disgrace of having Petion for your 
ing. General La Fayette then attempted to renew the oath 

1 the constitution, in his army, but failed ; the army had be- 
)me corrupt, and were no longer true to themselves, to their 
eneral, nor the nation." 

The Assembly apprised of the movements of General 
a Fayette, decreed his arrest, and sent a deputation to the 
-my to enforce the decree ; the General caused the deputa- 
on to be arrested, and imprisoned. This enr.aged the As- 
»mbly, and they decreed, " That the Marquis La Fayette 

2 brought, dead, or alive, to the bar of the Assembly." This 
3cree alarmed the Marquis, and he had now no alternative 
lit to flee his country. He accordingly invited his three 
iends, Generals Latour Maubourg, Alexander Lameth, 
id the commandant of Engineers, Bureau de Puzy, to come 

midnight, on the 19th of August, into his tent, in order to 

)nfer upon important affairs. " It was there decided, that 

ey would leave an ungrateful country, governedby a faction, 

ho sought the destruction of the most pure, and respectable 

' her inhabitants ; that they would cross Brabant, and reach 

olland, from whence they could embark for America." 

Early the next day, the 20th of August, the Commander in 

hief, accompanied by his three friends, who had been roem- 

rs of the Constitnenf As<sGmbly with him, and who were 

one in the secret, together with his aids-de-camp, and a part 

his staff, mounted on horseback, as if to reconnoitre. Ar- 

ved at an inn, about two leagues and a halt from his camp, 

I dismounted and ascended into a room on the second floor, 

Uowed by 23 officers, who had accompanied him. At the 

me time, he ordered the commander of his escort to estab- 

>h sentinels, in order to prevent a surprise from the pa- 

oles of the enemy. What was the astonishment of these 

ficers when the General confided to them, in a concise and 

lergetic discourse, the state of France, the feelings of the 

my, and that the Duke of Orleans, the society of Jacobins, 

id the municipality of Paris, had devoted him to proscrip- 

)n ; that the corporation of the same city had caused the 

es of the medal struck in his honour, to be broken by the 



06 MEMOIRS OF 

hand of the common executioner ; that he was declared th< 
enemy of his country, and a price set upon his head. H< 
finished, by telHng them, that he had determined to quit hi 
country, for a time, and that he should consider any as he 
enemy who should pro^pose to march against her ; that h( 
had rather perish a thousand times, than allow the blood of 
single one of his fellow citizens to be shed on his account. " 

This address inspired his suit with one general spirit! 
which was, to march directly to Paris, and disperse the jaco 
bin faction at once ; but the purpose of the General was fixec 
and he ordered and even supplicated his officers to return t 
camp, that their absence might not be injurious to them. I 
vain he represented to them the dangers to which they ex 
posed themselves, and their families, in emigrating; butnoth 
ing could oppose the resolution of Louis and Victor Latou 
Maubourg, Bureau de Puzy, Alexander Lameth, August 
Masson, Rene Pillet, and Cardingan, to accompany thei 
General and friend, and share his mit^fortunes. His faithfi 
valet de chambre, Felix Pontonnier, and Augustus D 
one of his servants, who since shared all his imprisonmen'; 
from Luxemburg to Olmutz, were eager to follow their mas 
ter. The others, after much intreaty, were persuaded to re 
turn and take back his escort of 160 men, though with gree 
reluctance. 

" La Fayette at length set out, with his seven companion 
harassed with disagreeable reflections upon his situatioi 
that of his family and country, and upon the dangers whic 
threatened him. After a rapid and uninterrupted journe 
they arrived towards night in the neighborhood of an advai 
ced guard of Austrians. Here tliey halted, and deliberat< 
upon the steps to be taken. It was nearly eleven o'cloct 
none of them knew the road, and the darkness was so gre 
as to render it impossible to find it. In this state of emba 
rassment, fearful at the same time of being pursued and ove 
taken by the French, they determined at all risks to procee 
and without discovering their names or rank, to demand 
the Austrian commander, permission to pass him, and ta] 
refuge in Holland, at that time a neutral territory. This re 
olution being taken. Colonel de Puzy, the only individi 
who understood German, advanced towards the Austrian ol 
cer, who received him very politely. He informed the 
that he and his companions had deserted from the Fren- 



LA FAYETTE. 97 

army, finding themselves compelled to leave the country in 
consequence of intrigue and faction, and desired a safe con- 
duct into Holland. The officer expressed to him, in good 
French, his regrets that he was unable to give a decided an- 
swer, without first consulting his superior, but that in the 
mean time he and his friends were welcome to rest and re- 
freshment, as the night was cold and rainy. After de Puzy 
had returned to the General, and made his report, they ad- 
vanced towards the picquet, who, at first, alarmed at their 
numbers, placed themselves in a posture of defence. They 
soon after set out, accompanied by an escort, for the Austri- 
an head quarters, and were at length conducted to Luxem- 
burg. 

*' Immediately upon their arrival at this fortress, they were 
recognised by a crowd of refugees, who, looking upon them 
as the first promoters of the revolution, treated them with 
the utmost insolence and contempt. Amongst the most viru- 
lent of these enraged emigrants. Prince de Lambes rendered 
himself notorious, by his abuse of La Fayette, who seemed 
more particularly the object of his hatred. As soon as the 
Governor of Luxemburg recognised the General and his com- 
panions, he confined them in separate chambers, at the inn, 
where they had stopped, placing a sentinel at each door. 
They protested, in vain, against this proceeding, and wrote 
to the Duke of Saxe Teschen for the purpose of obtaining 
passports. Their refusal was accompanied by the useless 
and savage threat of a public execution ; and they remained 
in a state of close confinement till the Governor received 
orders from the court of Vienna, to deliver them into the 
hands of the King of Prussia. They were transported in a 
common cart, like criminals, under guard of a strong escort 
of cavalry, during the night, from Luxemburg to Wesel, and 
confined in the common jails of the country, when they found 
it necessary to stop. The valet-de-chambre of La Fayette 
alone obtained permission to ride in the same cart with his 
master. The Austrians sold their horses, arms, &c. and retain- 
ed the money. Arrived at Wesel, the populace collected io 
crowds, and insulted them in the most savage manner, ^ere 
they were again put in irons, placed in separate cells in the 
castle, deprived of all intercourse and exercise, and were dai- 
ly told "that the King intended to hare them hanged for wretch 
€s who deserred no favour." 



■j8 memoirs of 

" La Fayette suffered excessive apprehension on account of 
his wife and three children, of whom the eldest was then, at 
the request of Washington, at Mount Vernon, and at length 
fell sick. General Maubourg was not permitted to see his 
friend, though at the point of death. But the disease chan- 
ced to take a favourable turn, and he began to recover. The 
King of Prussia, hoping to profit by his languid state, now 
offered to meliorate his condition, provided he would betray 
his country ; but he soon learned, by a decided refusal, La 
Fayette's contempt of his proposition. The rigour of his 
confinement was then redoubled, and soon after, the prison- 
ers were all put into a cart and transported to Magdeburg, 
and all information relative to their families refused, at a 
time too, when the French proscription was at its most 
alarming height. 

"In conveying them in this manner, it was thought public 
scorn would be excited ; but this expectation w^as disappoin- 
ted. The liveliest interest was every where excited in their 
behalf. They were confined a whole year at Magdeburg, in 
a damp, subterranean dungeon ; but notwithstanding this, 
their lot was more tolerable, as they were together, and 
allowed occasionally to walk an hour on the bastions. 

The following is an extract from a letter of La Fayette, 
while confined at Magdeburg, addressed to the Chevalier de 
Archenholtz, editor of the Minerva, at Berlin, and dated 
Magdeburg, 27th of March, 1793. 

*' Since my captivity, but one political paper has reached 
me, and that is your's for February. I appreciate, with deep 
sensibility, the justice you render my sentiments, and the ap- 
probation you bestow upon my conduct. Your commendli- 
tions are greatly beyond my deserts ; but your kind exagger- 
ations contain, at this moment, something so generous, I can- 
not withold from you my thanks, that you have enabled me 
to hear the voice of liberty honoring my tomb. My situation 
is peculiarly strange. I have sacrificed my republican par- 
tialities to the state and wishes of the nation : I obeyed the 
sovereign power, where I found it vested in the constitution. 
My popularity was as great as I could desire ; for the legis- 
lative body defended me better on the 8th of August, than it 
defended itself on the 10th. But I became obnoxious to the 
Jacobins, because I reprobated their aristocracy, which aim- 
ed at usurping all legitimate authority. 



LA FAYETTE. 9y 

'• From Constantinople to Lisbon, from Kamschatka to 
Amsterdam, every bastile is ready to receive me. The Hu- 
ron and Iroquois forests are peopled with my friends ; the 
despots and the courts of Europe, they are the only savages 
I fear. I am aware that the laws of England would protect 
me, though the court of St. James is opposed to me : but I 
cannot seek protection in a country at war with my own. 
America, the country of my heart, would welcome me with 
joy. Yet my fears for the future destiny of France, induce 
me to give the preference to Switzerland, at least for the 
present." 

" The King of Prussia now ordered La Fayette to be trans- 
ported to Silesia ; Maubourg solicited and obtained permis- 
sion to accompany him ; they were conveyed to Glatz, 
where soon after, Bureau de Puzy followed them. Alexan- 
dre Lameth, being dangerously ill, could not be transported 
along with his companions. His mother, who was distin- 
guished for her virtues, obtainedof Frederick William, after 
much solicitation, permission for him to remain in prison in 
his states ; and when at length peace was declared between 
this King and the French, she prevailed upon him to grant 
him his liberty. The King the more readily granted this, 
because he did not feel himself obliged any longer to use his 
former caution towards the court of Vienna, now exaspera- 
ted at him for withdrawing from the league. The prisoners 
were .at length transferred to Neisse, and although their dun- 
geon here was even more miserable and unhealthy than the 
former ones, yet. they rejoiced at the change, because it 
brought the three prisoners together again, and moreover, 
added to their society Madame Maisonneuve^ who voluntarilj 
came to share the fate of her brother Maubourg. 

" The King of Prussia, in order not to have his victims 
snatched out of his possession, when he made peace with 
France, concluded to send them into Austria. They were 
accordingly conveyed to Olmutz. 

" When they reached that place,they were stripped of what 
little the Prussians had left, which was in fact nothing but 
their watches and buckles, and two books, in which the word 
freedom occurred rather more frequently than suited the 
government ; whereupon La Fayette inquired " if they were 
contraband." They were each informed, as they were in- 
carcerated in their separate cells, that they would never 



lou MEMOIRS OF 

• 

again see any thing but the four walls of their prison house ; 
that they would never again hear a human voice; that their 
very names were proscribed, and that in future they would 
be designated in despatches togovernment, by the numbers of 
their respective cells ; and, lest they should destroy them- 
selves, knives, forks, and every thing that could boused for 
the purpose, would be interdicted. 

•^ The three prisoners, thus abandoned to their miserable 
reflections, were immured in the dungeons of the ancient 
castle of the Jesuits, the walls of which are twelve feet thick ; 
and into which air is admitted through an opening two feet 
square, which is secured at each end by transverse massive 
iron bars. Immediately before these loop holes was abroad 
ditch, which was covered with water, only when it rained, 
and at other times was a stagnant marsh, from which a poi- 
sonous effluvium was constantly exhaling ; and beyond this 
were the outer walls of the castle, which prevented the 
slightest breeze from passing to the captives, in these horrid 
dungeons, although the heat was almost intolerable. On 
these walls were, in the day time, four, and at night eight 
sentinels, with loaded muskets, constantly watching the pris- 
oners, and forbidden, on pain of one hundred lashes, to speak 
a word with them, and with orders to shoot them dead if 
they attempted an escape. The cellar of this castle had a 
large saloon^ two hundred feet long and twelve wide, in which 
was kept a guard consisting of an officer and twenty-five 
men, and a corporal and four soldiers, who alternately kept 
guard before the door of the prisoners . These soldiers were 
forbidden, while on duty, either to sing, speak, or whistle. 

" As this castle had served for a prison, for four years pre- 
viously to La Fayette's confinement, there had been con- 
structed for each cell two doors, one of iron, the other of 
wood, near two feet thick. Both were covered with bolts, 
and bars, and double padlocks. Every time the Inspector 
of the prisons entered, the whole guard stood to their arms. 
Four men were posted at each side of the door ; the ser- 
geant, with his sword drawn, remained without, while the otli- 
cer of the guard entered the inner door, with his sword also 
drawn. The men crossed their bayonets, while the Inspec- 
tor examined every corner and crevice, with the greatest 
minuteness. When the jailer entered with their wretched 
pittance, twice a day, it was scrupulously examined, partic- 
ularly the bread, which was crumbled to pieces for that pur- 



LA FAYETTE. 101 

jose, by the officer on guard, to discover if there was any 
lote or communication whatever contained in it. A wretch- 
id bed of rotten straw, filled with vermin, together with a 
>roken chair, and an old worm-eaten table, formed the wholes 
urniture of each apartment. The cells were eight or ten 
laces deep, and six or eight wide ; and when it rained, the 
vater ran through the loop holes, and off the wails, in such 
][uantities, that they would sometimes wake in the morning 
,vet to the skin. A miserable lamp lighted them in the night, 
nd when the sun did not shine, which happened very fre- 
ijuently in this wet country, the prisoners remained almost 
n total darkness, during the whole day. Such was the situ- 
ition of these three illustrious men ; and their faithful fellows, 
Felix and Augustus, who had followed their masterthrough all 
his reverses, fared no better. The barbarous Austrians, born 
;ind nurtured in slavery, were dead to all virtuous feeling, 
md sneered at their attachment to their master. Once in a 
(vhile, indeed, they were allowed to visit him, but not to 
approach within the door, and always with the accustomed 
ceremonies." 



CHAPTER VIIZ. 

FRENCH REVOLUTION, CONTINUED. 

In the last chapter we accompanied the Marquis La Fay- 
ette through his political career in the French revolutioOt 
to his flight into Germany, and imprisonment at Olmutz. 
We will now carry forward the general events of the revo- 
lution down to the time that Bollman and Huger attempted 
the liberation of the Marquis La Fayette. 

The riots in Paris, of the 10th ©f August, that overthrew 
the constitution have been noticed. We come now to the 
memorable 2d of September, 1 792. A decree of the Assem- 
bly, requiring that all the clergy should take the civic oath, 
had been but partially complied with : this opened the way 
for vengeance to fliU upon the old quarrel of Jansenist and 
Jesuit, with all the bitterness and fiolence of party. Agen- 
eral riot commenced in Paris — another horrid massacre en- 
7* 



102 MPMOIRS OF 

sued ; one ex-bishop, and about one hundred nonjuring priest? 
were butchered ; the prisons were all violated, the debtors 
released, and a general political massacre prevailed. Three 
or four thousand stained the annals of France with their 
blood, on'this memorable day, under the sanction of the mob, 
styled Septemberisers. The trophy of this infuriated mob 
of barbarians, was the mangled body of the princess De Lam- 
balle, borne in triumph to the temple, and exposed to the 
view of tl?e royal family, with her head elevated upon a pole, 
and presented before the window of their apartment. The 
Assembly passed a silent decree of approbation and applause, 
upon this murderous scene, by an oath, "that they held 
royalty in detestation ; and swore, that no king or monarch,' 
should ever be a stain upon the liberties of the people." 

At this time, fifty-four national prisoners of distinction, 
were arrested at Orleans ; and on their way to Saumer, 
they passed through Versailles, where they were attacked 
by the populace, and all butchered : the principal among, 
the sufferers, were, the duke of Brisac, and the bishop of 
Maudes : and on the same day, ninety priests were butcher- 
ed at St. Fermin. These massacres of the clergy were 
frequent and numerous in Paris, and throughout France, at : 
this time. 

The Assembly decreed, that the marriage covenant might i 
be dissolved at the request of either party, as upon the sim- 
ple allegation of incompatibility of temper, in either party^,' 
or other grounds. ' 

The declaration of war on the part of the German empire^ 
against France, was announced by the minister of foreign i 
affairs : and the Assembly declared war against Sardinia. A. 
new epoch was then announced in this scene of horror ; the \ 
convention had been elected, and were then formed in the 
palace of the Thuilleries : M. Gregoire, bishop ofBlois, at 
the head of twelve commissioners, said : " Citizens, the con- 
vention is constituted, and we are deputed to announce to 
you, that it is about to repair here to commence its sittings/' 1 
The president then said — " The Legislative Assembly de- 
clares its sittings closed." 

October 9th, 1792, — The national convention opened its 
decrees, with death against all emigrants. The subject of aj 
new constitution next claimed their attention, and they ap- 
pointed a committee to frame one, and present it to the con- 
>'eation : this committee was composed of sixteen ; at their 



LA FAYETTE. lOf^ 

head, stood the noted names of Sieyes, Thomas Paine, Bris- 
sot, Danton, Condorcet, &c. At the motion of Barrere, (one 
of the members of this committee,) a decree was passed, 
'* inviting all the friends of hberty and equahty, to present 
to the committee, in any form, and in any language whatever, 
the plans, methods, or means, which they thought the best 
calculated to form a good constitution for the French repub- 
lic ;" passed with this addition — " Whoever shall attempt 
to establish royalty, or any other system of government, de- 
rogatory to the sovereignty of the French people, shall be 
punished with death." The eventful period, for which the 
national body was organized, was now arrived : the necessa- 
ry previous steps had been taken ; the public mind was now- 
prepared ; and the unfortunate Louis XVI. called to the bar 
of the convention, to pass through the awful scenes of Charles 
L of England, before the mock parliament. Upon his ap- 
proach, the president thus addressed the king : — 

" Louis, the French nation accuses you : the convention 
decreed, on the third of December, that you should be tried 
by itself : on the sixth it was decreed that yon should be 
brought to the bar : they are about to read to you the act. 
which announces the crimes imputed to you. You may sit 
down." 

The accusation was then read, in the usual form, and the 
King interrogated upon each charge, by the president — what 
he had to say in his own defence ? At the close, the King 
replied — " I desire a copy of the act of accusation, as well a;- 
of all papers intended to serve as proofs against me, and that 
I may be allowed council in my defence." Louis was then 
permitted to retire ; and after some debate, bis request was 
granted, and counsel allowed. Messrs. Tronchet and Le- 
monignon de Malesherbes, became counsel for the King ; the 
latter an old man of seventy-eight. The prosecution against 
the unhappy monarch of France, was conducted in due form ; 
and on the 17th of January, 1793, his punishment was deter- 
mined by an appel nominal ; (the question was put to each 
member, and his answer noted.) 

The president then announced that the total number of 
votes was 721 ; answers for imprisonment during the war. 
319; answers for perpetual imprisonment, 2 ; answers for 
a suspension of the sentence of death, until the expulsion ol 
the family of Boarbons, 8 ; answers for a suspension of 



1 >IEMOIRS OF 

death, unless the French territory should be invaded, S3 ; 
answers for death, with commutation of punishment, 1 ; an- 
swers for death, 368 ; — majority for death, 15. 

Impressed with the solemnity of the scene, the president 
then rose, took off his hat, and declared, in a low and solemn 
tone of voice, '• the punishment pronounced by the conven- 
tion, against Louis Capet, is death." Philip, duke of Or- 
leans, a relative of Louis XVI. was a member of the con- 
vention, and gave his vote, death : but Thomas Paine, voted 
only for banishment. This is that Philip, duke of Orleans, 
who requested the convention to give him a new name ; and 
received that of Philip Egalite, (or equality.) The fate of 
the King was announced on the 20th of January, 1793 ; all 
Paris was illuminated, and no person permitted to appear 
abroad ; the whole city was buried in the most solemn 
silence, and the military in large bodies patroled the streets. 

On Monday, of the fatal, solemn, awful 2 1st, about two 
o'clock in the morning, the gloom of silence was here and 
there interrupted, by voices of lamentation, in broken accents, 
expressing the distress of the feelings, and increasing the 
horrors of the gloom. 

Louis, with great composure and eminence of soul, passed 
Sunday in preparing for the solemn change. The morn of 
Monday came ; the queen, the princess royal, the dauphin, 
and Ma:lam Elizabeth, took their parting leave of the King. 
The distresses of this scene, may be realized by the sensi- 
bilites of a feeling, sympathizing heart, but never can be ex- 
pressed by the pen. Louis was calm, and possessed a digni- 
fied composure ; he retired for a few moments with his con- 
fessor, and devoted himself to the solemnities of religion. 
The stroke of eight from the Paris clock, announced the 
solemn hour ; the royal martyr was led forth to execution : 
placed in a coach between two soldiers, (or gens de arms) he 
was conveyed to the place de la Revolution, amidst a large 
military escort, and an immense concourse of people. Louis, 
with a firm step, ascended the scaffold, attended by his con- 
fessor, and several municipal officers ; with great compla- 
cency he beheld the multitude, and made an effort to address 
the spectators — but was stopped by an officer, who exclaim- 
ed, " come, come, no speeches, no speeches :" this was ac- 
companied by a flourish of music. Louis saw at once that 
his last hope was cut off, and exclaimed — ** I forgive my eR- 



LA FAYETTE. 105 

iinies, may God forgive them, and not lay my innocent blood 
o the charge of the nation ; God bless my people" — hegave 
lis affectionate blessing to his confessor, stretched himself 
jpon the fatal guillotine, and with great serenity met his fate 
— 12 o'clock, January 21, 1793. 

Desperation now seized every department, and witnessed 
every measure m France. The nation vpas like a ship in 
he midst of a tempest, without a pilot, tossed with violence, 
md at the mercy of the waves, and the storm. The request 
)f the unhappy King to be buried with his fathers, was treat- 
ed by the convention with the silence of apathy ; and his 
3ody was thrown into a pit with quicklime, and consumed^ 
One of the ex-king's guards, assassinated Le Pelletiere, one 
oi the convention, whose vote against the King was death ; 
and the convention attended his funeral on the 24th. The 
sanguinary scene was opened afresh, and the convention in 
their turn began to bleed ; the righteous vengeance ofheav* 
en never spared them, until they had, by their own blood, 
made some atonement for this outrage on the life of the 
King. Great heat and bitterness, now marked the proceed- 
ings of the convention. The barbarian Marat, outraged all 
common decency, in his attacks on the members in debate, 
with the opprobious epithets of " incendiary, assassin, vil- 
lian, scoundrel," &c. ; which called forth a decree, that 
' whoever should use such injurious language towards an}' 
member should be expelled." Marat denounced the fram- 
ers of the decree, as conspirators. The convention were 
now at issue. The violence of those passions which had 
wreaked their rage and fury upon the unfortunate King, 
were now turned upon themselves. They denounced Con- 
riorcet as a traitor to his country, and he met his fate : to de- 
nounce and execute, were now synonomous terms. The 
famous Charlotte Corde, took vengeance on Marat, and sac- 
rificed him upon the altar of her country, by stabbing him to 
the heart ; for which, she suffered death in her turn, by a 
decree of the revolutionary tribunal. The enthusiasm of 
ihis heroine may be learnt from her last words : " 'Tis guilt 
brings shame, not the scaffold." 

During these distressing scenes in the interior of France, 
her armies, under Gen. Dumourier, and others, had been suc- 
cessful ; the allies had moved with caution, lest they should 
endanger the life of the King : they advanced into Flanders : 



\ 



MEMOIRS OP 



laid seige to, and took Valentiennes. This enraged the con- 
vention, they denounced the Queen, ordered her to be ar-- 
rested, and conducted to prison; August 1. The decree 
was executed the same night ; the Queen was roused from her 
repose, and hurried in a most unfeeling manner from her 
family, to her place of confinement, a cell, a dungeon, eight 
feet square — and doomed to lodge on a couch of straw I 
Struck with the horrors of the cell, she fell into a swoon, and ! 
passed the rest of the night in those violent struggles of na- • 
ture, which threaten momentary dissolution. The approach i 
of morn, witnessed the ravages of distress upon the graces of 
the Queen : she lived ; but ah! how changed. She languish- 
ed in this horrid cell, until the 15th and 16th of the month,, 
when she was summoned to her trial before this revolutiona- 
ry tribunal, and after the usual forms of trial, the jury, (after 
one hour) returned a verdict of guilty of all the charges al- 
leged. The president then rose, and after the usual cere- 
monies, pronounced the following sentence : — "The tribunal, 
after the unanimous declaration of the jury, in conformity to 
the laws cited, condemn the said Maria Antoniette, called of 
Lorrain and Austria, widow of Louis Capet, to the penalty 
of death ; her goods confiscated for the benefit of the repub- 
lic : and the sentence shall be executed in the place of the 
Revolution.'' The Queen received this sentence with the. 
same composure which she had supported through the whole 
scene. The trial spun out, through the night ; and at half 
past 4 o'clock in the morning, the Queen was re-conducted 
to her cell, in the prison La Conciergerie : no time was al- 
lowed her for reflection or repose ; " at 5 o'clock the gen- 
erale was beat — at 7 the whole armed force was on parade, 
cannon were planted upon the squares, and at the extremi- 
ties of the bridges, from the palace, to the place La Revo- 
lution — at lU o'clock, numerous patroles passed through the 
streets — at half past 11, the Queen was brought out of her 
cell, dressed in a white dishabille ; she was conducted to the 
place of execution in an open cart ; her hair from behind 
was cut off; her hands were tied behind her back, and her 
back turned towards the horse : or her right sat the execu- 
tioner ; on her left, a constitutional priest," (or one who had 
taken the oath to support the constitution.) The Queen pas- 
sed to her execution, insensible to the shouts oiViveAa Liber- 
ty, Abas la Tyrannief'Vive la Republic ; she beheld with in- 



LA FAYETTE. lOT 

difference, the vast military escort of 30,000 men, and the 
placards of Uberty and equahty, posted on the houses where 
she passed ; she ascended the scaffold in some haste, cast 
[ler eyes upon the populace ; with a look took leave of her 
palace, laid her head upon the guillotine, and met her fate at 
12 o'clock, aged thirty-eight : the same place, and same 
liour, witnessed the death of her husband, just eight months 
md twenty-six days before. The executioner, according 
the usual form, exhibited the head from the four corners 
3f the stage ; and the populace as usual, exclaimed, Five la 
Republic, Five la Liberty. Her body was thrown into a 
5rave of quick-lime, in the same place and manner of her 
iiusband. 

Thus fell Louis XVI. thus fell Maria Antoniette — King and 
^ueen of France : victims to the same passions which com- 
menced in the reign of Louis XIV. which occasioned Louis 
KV. to dissolve bis parliament, and which armed the knife of 
he assassin who stabbed the King, and by a wound restored 
:he parhament, and expelled the order of the Jesuits. The 
ame passions were rekindled ; and when transferred from 
;he schools of the Jesuits, to the schools of the philosoph- 
rs were swelled into a mighty blaze, which inflamed the 
rvhole nation, and were now shedding torrents of blood, by 
he revolutionary tribunal, guided and controlled by the 
Facobin club. 

This club, which commenced under the auspices and di- 
-ection of the philosophers of France, had now become very 
lumerous, embracing all the choice spirits of violence and 
corruption in the nation." 

The King and Q,ueen were now dead ; and no longer the 
)bjects of that dread and hatred, which served as a rallying 
point, for the members of the revolutionary tribunal. The 
jame lire of ambition and revenge, which destroyed the 
royal family, now commenced its ravages upon their own 
lody. 

The allies pushed the war in Flanders. England dismis- 
sed the French minister, and proclaimed war against 
France. Horror and alarm seized on the convention : Bris- 
iot, with twenty other members, were denounced as con- 
spirators, and executed. The ravages of the revolutionary 
ribunal, were marked with blood, through the nation ; mobs, 
nsurrections and massacres, rendered all France, one great 



108 MEMOIRS OF 

theatre of carnage, and one dark scene of horror. The rav- 
ages of the guillotine, threatened to exterminate the clergy 
all lied that could flee ; others resigned their ecclesiastical 
functions. 

Gobert, bishop of Paris, with all his grand vicars, divest 
ed themselves, at the bar of the convention, of their letten 
of priesthood : Lindet and Gregoire followed their exam- 
ple. — Seventy persons were guillotined in one day at Ly- 
ons ; on the next day sixty-eight were shot, and eight guillo- 
tined. 

An insurrection in La Vendee, now raged with violence : 
and the French arms under General Turreu, ravaged the' 
country. Philosophy now triumphed over religion, as wel 
as over the clergy : the convention abolished all religion 
and decreed, ** there is no God., and death is an eternal sleep. ^ 



CHAPTER IX. 

FRENCH REVOLUTION CONTINUED. 

The war in La Vandee now claims some attention. The( 
causes which produced these sanguinary and distressing 
scenes, were the triumph of philosophy over religion, ano 
the triumph of philosophers over every vestige to moral vir- 
tue, and the moral sympathies. 

They had announced that the clergy could never have 
raised this world and rendered it subservient to their domin- 
ion and control, if they had not fixed the lever upon the oth- 
er world. They had now struck away all support of the lev- 
er, and announced no God ; and further, that death was ar 
eternal sleep. That quiet after death, which had been pur- 
chased with so many pilgrimages, crusades, or holy wars— 
by whole lives of penitential self-denial, with the purchase 
of so much money to obtain the viaticum of the holy unction, 
was now rendered free to all, in the doctrine that "death was 
an eternal sleep." 

The churches of religion became republican tribunes, 
where republican principles were to be preached, and the 
disciples of the philosophers to become the orators of th« 



LA FAYETTE. 109 

lay. The national convention decreed, *' that the remains 
)f Mirabeau should be removed from the Pantheon, and 
hose of Marat be put in their place." 

Under the sanction of these feelings and these principles, 
he war raged in La Vendee. Five hundred royalists, pris- 
oners in La Vendee, were shot, by order of the commissioner 
Leguino ; the commissioners, Turreu and Prieur, announc- 
ed to the convention a terrible action in La Vendee — six 
housand slain, and three hundred driven into ihe Loire : 
this reign of Robespierre drenched the convention and the 
lation with blood. 

January 1st, 1794, Thomas Paine was arrested, and a dep- 
itation of Americans appeared at the bar of the convention, 
ro petition for his release ; and to shew him not guilty, but a 
true apostle of liberty. 

Carrier made a report on the war in La Vendee, in which 
lie stated, that more than 400 leagues were in arms ; that 
he rebels were more than 150,000 ; that in one battle were 
dain more than 20,000 ; that 4 or 600 prisoners perished 
iaily, either by shooting or drowning, and that some pits con- 
ained 5000. Their mode of drowning was to crowd the 
lolds of vessels with prisoners, set them afloat on the river, 
•cuttle the vessel, and let them sink. 

At this time, the convention decreed the people of coloui 
uid blacks, in the French West India Colonies, all free. 

A terrible denunciation fell on thirteen members of the 
convention, and was sealed with the guillotine ; amongst the 
lumber, were, Danton, Lacroix, Phillippeaux, &c. Robes- 
pierre triumphed again. That jealousy and ambition which 
i-aged throughout the nation, and marked its ravages with 
olood, still raged in the convention, and rendered that body 
m aceldama. 

Old Malesherbes, who defended Louis XVI. at the age of 
>eventy-eight, was now accused of corresponding with the 
memy, and guillotined : and Madam Elizabeth, sister to the 
iing, met the same fate. Cecilia Regnault, imitating the ex- 
imple of Charlotte Corde, attempted to assassinate Robes- 
pierre and Collotde Herbois, and met the fate of Charlotte 
C^orde,the next day — July 27. 

The cup of vengeance was now full ; the tyranny of Robes- 
pierre and his party, had now become insupportable ; they 
•vere denounced, and theip arrest ordered ; a gens de arm? 
10 



no MEMOIRS OF 

• 
attempted to seize the tyrant ; he defended himself with a 
knife ; a conflict ensued ; he was subdued ; an act of out- 
lawry was passed against him ; he was ordered for immedi- 
ate execution, with Robespierre the younger, Couthon, St. 
Just, and fifteen or twenty others, creatures of the tyrant. 
Next in turn was arrested, Tinville, public accuser to the 
revolutionary tribunal. 

In the midst of these revolutionary scenes of distress, the 
world was struck with a republican rhapsody from Geraud, 
upon the subject of national education. After observing 
that France was elevated upon the pinnacle of earthly splen- 
dour, that the eyes of mankind were fixed upon those doc- 
trines and principles which had effaced the ignorance, degra- 
dation and slavery of fourteen centuries ; that the slaves of 
despotism had been struck with a mortal terror ; a protect- 
ing divinity had elevated her empire upon the smoking ruins 
of a throne, and on the bloody remnants of expiring factions ; 
he exclaimed : 

" Mandatories of a great nation ! Let us consecrate a du- 
rable monument to the rising generation ; the Areopagus of 
Europe ought now to consolidate the majestic edifice of our 
immortal revolution, on the immoveable basis of public in- 
struction. Before we abandon the helm of public affairs, let 
us announce to our constituents, with a true republican bold- 
ness, to France, to all Europe, that we contemplate with one 
inviolable maxim, that without public education, the empire 
of morals must be destroyed." 

That system of education thus contemplated, ought to be 
in operation many centuries in France, to accomplish that 
degree of intelligence and information, amongst the lower 
classes of her citizens, which could enable her to support a' 
republican government, even if she could be wholly divested 
of her monarchical prejudices and habits ; and her philoso- 
phers, with all their boasted light and wisdom, ought to have 
known this, or if they did know it, they ought not to have 
built their ambitious schemes upon a foundation, which must 
of course swim in blood. 

We have witnessed how the blood of the royal martyrs 
has again stained the convention. 

The following extract of a letter from General Danicamp 
will shew how the ijjjar raged in La Vendee. " I will prove 



LA FAYETTE. Ill 

that old men were murdered in their beds, that infants were 
murdered at their mother's breasts, and that pregnant wo- 
men were guillotined. I will tell you in what place, at what 
time, and by whose orders, I have seen magazines of all 
kinds burned. The practice of drowning was not contined 
to Nantz, it extended thirty leagues up the Loire ; I will 
demonstrate that the men who now assume the mask of phi- 
lanthropy, were then the murderers." Immediately upon 
this, Carrier, commissioner in La Vendee, was arrested and 
executed, for the horrid cruelties practiced by him in La 
V^endee. 

February 19th, 1796 — An armistice was concluded in La 
Vendee, and Garnot presented to the convention a list of the 
principle victories obtained in La Vendee this campaign — 
viz : " twenty-seven victories, of which eight Avere pitched 
battles: 121 actions of less importance; 80,000 enemies 
slain ; 91,000 taken prisoners ; 1 16 strong towns, or impor- 
tant places taken, 36 of them by siege or blockade ; 230 
forts or redoubts ; 3800 pieces of cannon ; 70,000 muskets ; 
1,000,000 lbs. of powder ; and 90 pair of colours — all with- 
in the space of seventeen months." 

May 5th. — Fresh scenes of distress awaited the devoted 
city of Lyons, and she was again doomed to a most shocking 
massacre. The noted Tinville, (who prosecuted the Queen) 
with his accomplices, were executed at Paris the 12th, and 
on the 20th, a most terrible insurrection broke out in Paris, 
on the part of the jacobins, to recover the blow they receiv- 
ed by the fall of Robespierre. The deputy Ferrand was as- 
sassinated in the convention, and his head carried through 
the hall stuck upon a pole. 

Nineteen persons were guillotined in Paris, for aiding the 
insurrection of the 20th of May. At this time, died in his 
prison, Louis, son of the late King Louis XVI. aged eleven 
years. An address from the insurgent chiefs of La Vendee, 
to the King of England, expressive of their grateful recol- 
lection of the succour afforded them during their arduous 
struggle, and their hope of future aid, shewed, that this in- 
surrection was an effort of England, to weaken the arms of 
France. This, with other operations on the part of England, 
led to a numerous meeting at Copenhagen-house, near Lon- 
don, to petition his Majesty to discontinue the war. 



ii^ MEMOIRS OF 

At this eventful period, France opened a new scene ; n 
new constitution was framed, adopted, and a new legislature 
were assembled, organized, and composed of a council of 
mcients, and a council of five hundred, with an executive of 
^ve, called the directory, who were installed in Paris, No- 
vember 1st ; the plan of this executive was, that each should 
reign in his turn. On the 26th of December, Charlotte An- 
toniette, daughter of Louis XVI. was taken from the temple 
by the minister of the interior, conducted to bis own hotel, 
and from thence sent to Vienna, where she arrived safe— 
1796. 

At this time, parties ran high in England ; Charles Fo.v 
flattered the populace, and disturbed the government y their 
m:ijesties were insulted in the streets of London, and the mob 
abused the King's servants. A revolution had commenced 
in Holland ; the stadtholder had retired to England with his 
family, in January, 1795. The national convention of Hol- 
land was organized March 1st, 1796, and citizen Paulus elect- 
ed president. An extract of the order of procession will be 
J specimen of the genius of the Batavian Republic. — 
'•' Amongst other displays in this splendid procession, appear- 
ed a waggon covered with cloth so as to conceal its wheels. 
having three benches ; on the hindermost, was seated an old 
man, bowed down with age, carrying a flag with this inscrip- 
lion : — ' I lived in slavery ; but 1 rejoice in dyingfree. — My 
posterity who are before me, will feel all the benefits^- On. 
the bench, before the old man, were seated two aged women,, 
vvho represented his daughters ; and before them were two 
men with their children on their knees. The horses were 
led by four young men, the waggon was surrounded by six 
burgeose with drawn swords, pi'eceded by a herald carrying 
a banner with this inscription : ' We will protect them that 
cannot protect themselves.' " The powerful effect of such a 
display of address to the populace, is more readily felt than 
described. 

The revolutionary principles which had spread into Eng- 
land, distressed the government ; the military were in con- 
stant readiness to keep the peace : the government ordered 
u national fast. The chief in the insurrection of La Ven- 
dee, La charette, was taken prisoner, and shot, April 1. 
Pichegru, who had succeeded La Fayette in Flanders, was 
now succeeded by General Moreau, and prince Charlea set 



LA FAYETTE. 113 

out from Vienna to command the Austrian armies^ Mr. Pitt 
brought forward his budget for a loan of 7,000,000 ; and 
Thomas Paine amused the French directory, with a pamph- 
let upon the decay and fall of the English system of Finance ; 
which was ordered to be printed and distributed to all the 
members of the national council. On the 22d of June, the 
insurrection in La Vendee was wholly quelled, and the re- 
public ackhowledged. 



CHAPTER S. 

A GENERAL VIEW OF THE EFFORTS MADE TO LIBERATE GEN- 
ERAL LA FAYETTE FROM THE PRISONOF OLMUTZ BOLL- 
MAN AND HUGER ATTEMPT HIS RESCUE. 

The government of the United States claimed the impris- 
oned La Fayette as an American citizen, and a Major Gen- 
eral of the American army, and made overtures to the courts 
of St. James, Berhn, and Vienna, for his liberation ; but 
without effect. Such was the lively interest that President 
Washington took in the sufferings of his beloved friend, that 
he addressed a letter to the Emperor of Austria, to effect, if 
possible, his relief from the prison of Olmutz, of which the 
following is an extract': 

" It will readily occur to your Majesty, that occasions may 
sometimes exist, on which official considerations would con- 
strain the chief of a nation to be silent and passire, in rela- 
tion even to objects which affect his sensibility, and claim 
his interposition as a man. Finding myself precisely in this 
situation at present, I have taken the liberty of writing this 
private letter to your Majesty, being persuaded that my mo- 
tives will also be my apology for it. 

*' In common with the people of this country, I retain a 
strong and cordial sense of the services rendered to them by 
the Marquis de La Fayette ; and my friendship for him has 
been constant and sincere. It is natural, therefore, that I 
should sympathize with him, and his family, in their misfor- 
tunes : and endeavour to mitigate the calamities they experi- 
10* 



114 MEMOIRS OF 

ence, among which his present confinement is not the leas! 
distressing. 

" I forbear to enlarge on this deHcate subject. Permit 
me only to submit to your Majesty's consideration, whetheir 
the long imprisonment, and the confiscation of his estate, and 
the indigence and dispersion of his family, and the pain- 
ful anxieties incident to all these circumstances, do not 
form an assemblage of sufferings, which recommend him to. 
the mediation of humanity ? Allow me. Sir, on this occasion^ 
to be its organ ; and to entreat that he may be permitted toi 
come to this country, on such conditions, as yourj Majesty} 
may think it expedient to prescribe. 

•' As it is a maxim with me not to ask what, under similar! 
circumstances, I would not grant, your Majesty will do me^ 
the justice to belipve that this request appears to me to cor- 
respond with those great principles of magnanimity and wis- 
dom which form the basis of sound policy, and durable glory,-' 

On the 17th of March, 1794, General Fitzpatrick opened 
the subject of the cruel confinement, and melancholy situa- 
tion of the Marquis La Fayette, in a dignified speech to the| 
British House of Commons.* 



* The following interesting abstract, as reported in the Annual Re 
gister, for 1794, will shew theiseotiments of thie orators upon this mosttj 
iQtereating subject: 

General Filzpatrick observed, that the disapprobation shown by, 
the nnlnister on a former night, when it had been mentioned in the' 
house that the Ring of Prussia refused tc liberate Monsieur de la Fay- 
ette and three other state prisoners, on (he ground that they were the 
prisoners of the allied powers, was sufficient to exempt the character 
of the British nation from the odium of having any share in so exe- 
crable a transaction. He thought, however, that humanity, justice 
and policy required an interferance from this country, in behalf of this 
unfortunate man. The General entered into a very able review of the 
whole conduct of Mons. de la Fayette — his firm attachment to the 
constitution of 1789, which had been approved by this country — his 
loyalty, which was proved by the most signal services to the royal 
family — and his refusal to join the republie«n party, though allured by 
every honour which could flatter his ambition. When this party ob- 
tained the ascendancy, what was his conduct ! He resolved no longer 
to head the array, though he would not lead it against his country, but 
posted them so advantageously that General Clairfait was deteired 
fmm attacking it. When commissioners came to remove him from 
li\e cammand of the army, still faithful to the constitution and raonar- 



LA FAYETTE. 115 

The whole British nation felt the magnitude and impor- 
tance of the subject, and their public prints expressed their 



chy he had sworn to defend, he consigned them to the civil power. 
He 60on afterwaids passed the frontier, with a deternriination not to 
join the enenaies of his country, and this was tlie cause of his dungeon 
and his sufferings. On neutral ground, (the bishopric of Liege") he 
was taken prisoner, and transferred to a fortress belonging to the King 
of Prussia, where he was offered his liberty, on condition of joining 
the army of the French princes. This he refused ; and then the offi^ 
cers of the King of Prussia claimed him as a prisoner of their master, 
not as a prisoner of war. La Fayette, and three other gentlemen, 
who had been members of the Constituent Assembly, were now con- 
fined in filthy and unwholesome dungeons, without the liberty of 
breathing the fresh air more than one hour in a day, and debarred 
from all communication with each other. The General humanely 
urged the obligation which this country lay under to protect Mons. 
La Fayette, according to the proclamation of the 29th October, 
which promised protection to all who should throw off anarchy and 
declare for monarchy. If we refused to interfere, what dependence 
could the royalists place upon our promises ? He urged that the con- 
duct of Mons. La Fayette in America ought to be no bar to such ac 
interposition, as we should have been happy to have saved, by such a 
step, the life of Louis the Sixteenth, whose conduct in the American 
war would never have been thought of as an obstacle. The General 
contiimed to urge the policy and humanity of this' interferance, and 
mentioned the intention of the President of the United Stales to make 
an application in favour of the unhappy prisoner. He corcluded, by 
moving for an address to his majesty, stating, that the detention of 
Mons. de la Fayette and his three friends in prison, by order of the 
King of Prussia, was injurious to his Majesty and the caupe of his allies, 
and beseeching him to intercede for their deliverance in such a way as 
he in his wisdom shall judge proper. 

This motion was seconded by Colonel Tarleton, who gallantly 
expatiated upon the merits of a General "who had once been his ad- 
versary. 

The Chancellor of the Exchequer denied toat the four persons men- 
lined in the motion, ever were the real friencfe of liberty, and thought 
their detention no infraction of the law of nations. The question, he 
said, was, whether this country was implicated to interfere, from mo- 
tives of justice, honour and policy ? The inteiferance required, would 
be setting ourselves up as guardians of the consciences of foreign 
states. This country had, he said, no participation in the matter, 
since TVTons. La Fayette had been taken prisoner before we were a 
party in the war. With respects to the gentlemen being entitled to 
the protection of this country on account of the proclamation at Tou- 
lon, that declaration was addressed only to such as were willing to 
come as friends and supporters of the genuine cause of liberty. This 
was not the case with Mons. La Fayette and his friends, He should 
he said, oppose the motion, as equally improper and unaecessary 



116 MEMOIRS OF 

sympathy upon the occasion ; but Mr. Pitt, the then prime 
minister, stood aloof, as a cool deliberate calculator, ano 



Mr. Fo3f thought it was difficult to say which was the most extra 
ordinary, that this country should hesitate to interfere, or that <h« 
court of Berlin should exercise such abominable tyranny. On thi 
pretext alleged for continuing the treatment rectived by Mons. de h 
Fayette, that he was the prisoner of the allied powers, not to interfen 
-»vas to be inaplicated in the odium, and to be handed down to poster 
ity as accomplices in the diabolicai cruelty of the Prussian cabinet 
Mr. Fox stated that these unfortunate prisoners were confined in sep- 
arate apartments, suffered only to breathe the fresh air one hour in e 
clay, confined in a subterraneous cavern, in which the only light camee 
from a confined and dreary court, where the execution of malefactors; 
was the only spectacle. In this dreary situation they had still onei 
comfort, that of thinking themselves confined under the same roof; 
but this consolation was put an end to. by the removal of two of them! 
to another prison ; and the request of Mons. la Fayette to the King ot 
Prussia, that xM. Lutour Maubourg might remain in the same prison; 
with him, was denied. As a proof that we might interfere in such a: 
case, Mr. Fox cited the instance of an application made from this 
country to the court of France, in the case of Captain Asgill. Hei 
did not, however, conceive that any authority was requisite on thee 
present occasion. He mentioned that Mons. La Fayette was neitherr 
treated as a prisoner of war, nor as a prisoner of state. The KingofiC 
Prussia had repeatedly declared him and his friends prisoners to theq 
allied powers, and that he could not be released but by their consent;; 
there was no way for those powers to clear themselves from such an.i 
imputation, but by declaring their disavowal of the whole proceeding.. 
National hanour and policy required this. Mons. La Fayette, he con- 
tended, stood exactly in the same predicament with those to whomi 
protection had been offered by this country. Had he staid in France, . 
and come forward on the proclamation at Toluon, could we then have 
refused him protection ? Mr. Fox mentioned, in pointed term?, the 
abominable treachery by which La Fayette had been captured. Of 
his company, consisting of forty persons, all but himself and three oth- 
ers, who had been members of the constituent Assembly, were releas- 
ed. No man could, he said, point out that part of the law of nations, 
by which the subjects of one independent nation could be made pris- 
oners of state, by the soTereign of another, for offences committed, or 
supposed to be committed, in their own country ; it could only be 
done by the law of tyrants, which condemns all principles, human and 
divine. 

Mr. Burke strongly opposed the motion, on the ground that no pre- 
cedent existed of such an interferance, and that it was improper, as 
we had forbone to interfere in preventing the numerous massacres, &c. 
in France. Of these calamities, he considered Mons. La Eayette as 
the origin, and the author of all the miseries that had befallen France. 
He ridiculed all interferance on this occasion, and arraigned, in his us- 
ual unqualified terms, the whole conduct of the unhappy sufferers. 

On a divisipQ of the house, the ayes were 46, noes 153» 



LA FAYETTE. 117 

^' at the head of the administration of a great nation, steadily 
" and firmly opposed the progress of the French Revolution, 
but touched not the chains of the Marquis La Fayette.* 
In Germany, too, the pens of sympathy were feelingly 
Jcngiged in the cause of suffering humanity, and warmly 
i( advocated the liberation of General La Fayette. As he was 
conveyed from Wesil to Madeburg, to Glatz, and to Niesse, 
on his way to Olmutz, he was greeted and cheered 
with loud acclamations of applause, by the populace, as the 
hero of Uberty. But when he passed the Prussian frontiers, 
and entered the dominions of Austria, a death like silence reign- 
ed, until he was immured in the loathsome prison of Olmutz. t 
" In 1793, Count Lallv Tolendal, then in London, engaged 
Dr. Bollman, a young Hanoverian of great sagacity, courage 
and perseverance, to attempt the liberation of the Marquis 
La Fayette. Dr. Bollman had been employed before, by 
Madam de Stael, to effect the escape of Count Norbonne 
from France, who in the reign of terror had been proscrib- 



* The following speech of Mr. Pitt, delivered in the House of Com- 
mons as early as 1790, will shew the correctness of his views and prin- 
ciples, as a statesman ; but can offer no apology at this time for his 
cold indifference as a man. 

*' The present convulsions of France mUot, sooner or later, termlimic 
in general harmony, and regular order ; and notwithstandins; that the 
fortunate arrangements of such a situation might make her'more for- 
midable, it might also render her less obnoxious as a neighbour. He 
hoped that he might rather wish, as an Englishman, for that, respect- 
ing the accoDjplishment of which, he felt himself interested as a man ; 
for the restoration of the tranquillity of France, though it appeared 
to him as distant. Whenever the situalion of France should become 
restored, it would prove freedom rightly understood ; freedom result- 
ing from good order and good government ; and thus circumstanced, 
France would stand forward as one of the most brilliant powers in 
Europe ; she would enjoy that just kind of liberty which he venera- 
ted, and the in\ aluable existence of which it was his duty, as an Eng- 
lishman, particularly to cherish ; nor would he, under this predica- 
ment, regard with envious eyes the approximation, in neighbouring 
tates, of those sentiments, which were the characteristic features ot 
every British subject,'* &c. 

t A city of Moravia, formerly capital of a'circle of the same name, 
on the river Marsch, 80 miles, N. N. E. of Vienna, 116 S. S. E. of 
Prague, 162 E. of Dresden. It is alraoet surrounded by the river, 
strongly fortified, and well built, kc. The castle is .strong, and often 
serves as a state prison. 



118 MEMOIRS OF 

ed, which he effected with great adroitness, and conveyed fh f. 
Count to England. Dr. Bollman's first attempt was so unsuc *° 
cessful, tha t afler all his exertions, he did little more tha; 
ascertain that the government of Prussia had delivered L 
Fayette over to that of Austria ; but where he was, o 
whether he was yet alive, were circumstances which he foun 
it impossible to ascertain. He therefore returned to Londoi 
aud reported to the friends of the prisoner the little inform? 
tion he had obtained. 

"But the friends of La Fayette were not discouraged, and i 
June 1794, they again sent Dr. Bollmaninto Germany, to as 
certain what had been his fate, and if he were still aUve, tt 
endeavour to procure his lescape. With great difficulty hh 
traced the French prisoners to the Prussian frontiers, an 
then ascertained that an Austrian escort had secured them 
and tciken the road to Olmutz. At Olmutz, Dr. Bollmaa 
learned that several state prisoners were kept in the citade 
with a degree of caution and mystery, which must hav^ 
been not unlike that towards the half fabulous personagsjT 
in the iron mask.*'' 

" Dr. Bollman, says General Holstein, was born at Gottingeii' 
in the cidevant electorate of Hanover, was brave andgeneii|, 
ous, and had just received his degree of Doctor of Medicinef 
frnrn the University of Gottingen, and possessed but a verr. 
limited fortune. Scarcely twenty-four years of age, he w?; 
sO struck with the noble conduct of La Fayette in Americc 
and PVance, and so exasperated at the barbarous treatment C( 
this illustrious man, that he resolved, at last, to attempt his res: 
cue, at the hazard of his life. He sold his little stock ( 
books, and every thing of value that he possessed, and ii 
the dress of a German travelling student, with his knapsac 
upon his back, walked from Gottingen to Hamburg, crosse 
the Elbe, and arrived at Hamburg in the beginning of th 
year 1794. He had furnished himself with letters of intro 
duction, and among the rest, was one to Dr. Riemarus, wh 
introduced Bollman into the family of his son-in-law. Mi 
Sieveking. This wealthy merchant was not only a philani 
thropist, but a great admirer of the character of the Man 
quis La Fayette. The liberality of Mr. Sieveking renderee 



* North' American Review, 



LAFAYETTE. 119 

s house a place of rendezvous for illustrious strangers, 
id soon gave young BoUman an opportunity to disclose the 
•eat secret of his heart, and the object of his journey, 
eveking listened attentively, and after due deliberation, ap- 
lauded the views of Bollman, and offered to furnish him 
ith a letter of credit to his banker, Hirsch, at Olmutz, for 
D,000 florins, and at the same time presented him with a 
urse of 300 Danish ducats, equal to 600 dollars. He also 
rocured for him a passport, as a subject of the King of 
reat Britain, and advised him, at Dresden, to purchase a 
andsome carriage, that he might pass the Austrian frontiers 

character of a gentleman.*" 

Thus equipped, Bollman took leave of his friends at Ham- 
urg,and proceeded by the way of Dresden to Olmutz, where 
B waited on Hirsch the banker, and presented his draft, 
hich was accepted, and such part of the money as was then 
equired, promptly paid. Dr. Bollman remained two weeks 
t Olmutz, to make his observations, and gain intelligence, if 
ossible, of the situation of the prisoners. During this time 
e disclosed to bis friend Hirsch the object of his journey, 
nd consulted him upon his future movements. Hirsch was 
liberal Jew, and an admirer of the character of La Fayette ; 
ut so extremel;^ cautious and guarded with Bollman, that he 
ever ventured further, than to advise him to procure some 
rusty friend on whom he could rely, before he made any 
ttempts to execute his plan ; at the same time he cautioned 
lim to be upon his guard, and move with great circumspec- 
ion, and assured him that under these circumstances, there 
vere strong reasons to hope, that he might succeed. He 
Iso advised him to leave Olmutz for the present, ar.d go to 
t^ienna, because his unguarded enquiries about La Fayette 
ad excited some suspicion in the police, which he had used 
lis best influence to remove. Dr. Bollman took the advice 
)f his friend Hirsch, together with a draft on Oxs Gueymul- 
er, abanker atVienna, for the remainder of the first draft, and 
set out for Vienna, where he soon arrived, and took lodgings 
it a hotel , known to be the resort of gentlemen from America. 
Dr. Bollman had not been long in the society of the Ameri- 



* Although these two accounts appear so widely different, they may 
he both correct. General Holstein could not have been acquainted 
with the previous adventures and engagements of Dr. Bollman. 



J 20 MEMOIRS OF 

cans, before he discovered the character for his purpose^ one 
who possessed many excellent qualities, and added a great 
share of activity and courage, to a strong attachment for the 
character of the Marquis La Fayette. This interesting 
stranger proved to be Francis Huger, son of Colonel Charles 
Huger of Charleston, (S. C.) who received and entertained 
the Marquis La Fayette when he first landed on the shores 
of America, in 1777. 

When Dr. Bollman opened the subject to young Huger, he 
embraced him with the warmest emotions, and assured him,, 
that he might command the last drop of his blood in the cause 
in which he was engaged ; and they entered into immediate 
arrangements for the execution of their object. Dr. Boll- 
man called on the banker, and drew the remainder of the 
10,000 florins ; Huger converted his money into gold, and J 
selected a faithful domestic, and dressed him in the livery ofl 
an English jockey ; they then purchased three good horses,, 
and commenced a tour of the country, for health and amuse-- 
ment, under the mask of an Enghsh nobleman travelling withi 
his physician, to the Bohemian and Silesian springsfor there'- 
covery of his health. Five weeks they traversed the coun-- 
try, visiting the environs and surveying the frontiers of Aus-- 
trian, now Prussian Silesia ; particularly the great road that! 
leads from Olmutz to Troppau, the capital. These move-- 
ments were so common, and conducted with such prudence^ 
that they passed without the least suspicion, and in Septem- 
ber 1794 they arrived at Olmutz. 

Dr. Bollman with his friend Huger and servant, took lodg- 
ings at his former residence, and introduced his friend as an 
English nobleman, who had committed himself to his medical 
care, with the promise of a large sum of money, for his ser- 
vices. The story passed well. 

The two friends soon had an interview with Hirsch, who 
informed them, that he had made a friend of Kreutschke, the 
chief surgeon of the garrison, a Bohemian, and a man that 
felt the sufferings of La Fayette.* 



♦ Hirsch took particular pleasure in relating how he learnt the feel- 
ings of Kreutschke towards La Fayette, by pushing the old Tokay 
after dinner,until his friend becanae mellow with the wine, and then un- 
bosomed himself freely, as the friend and admirer of La Fayette, 
and who was deeply wounded with the view of his sufferiDg's. 



LA FAYETTE. 12! 

Hirsch then disclosed to the surgeon, that sundry persons, 
deeply interested in the fate of La Fayette, had authorised 
him, to offer one thousand florins, to any one that would engage 
to convey to the General, from time to time, such information 
as he might require. The surgeon accepted the ofler, prom- 
ised his services and withdrew. 

Soon after this, the surgeon called on Hirsch, and stated the 
following difficulty, in conducting his embassies ; *' that neither 
he nor Hirsch could write or speak one word of French., 
and that the General could not speak or read German.'' 
Hirsch was struck with surprise, and paused for a reply ; 
but the surgeon very pleasantly obviated the difficulty, by 
saying, that he had found a friend who could write French, 
and would readily afford them assistance. With this disclo- 
sure Hirsch was greatly alarmed, until the surgeon assured 
him that his friend w^as Professor Passy.* 

The surgeon was a particular friend of Passy 's, who had 
already received a part of his 1000 florins, but the latter re- 
fused the smallest compensation, and volunteered his services, 
from the pure motives of benevolence and humanity. 

The point now remained to be settled how they should 
communicate with the Marquis La Fayette ; for Bauers, the 
Captain and Superintendant of the prison, was a coarse, harsh, 
unfeeling Austrian ; deaf to the voice of humanity, and rather 
to be avoided than trusted ; but Passy undertook to remove 
this difficulty, by procuring the removal of Captain Bauers, 
and the appointment of Count Maquelico in his place. The 
surgeon next obtained permission of General Count de Arco, 
to make a medical visit to the prisoners, to ascertain the state 
of their health ; the regular visits being limited to once in 
three months. This point being gained, it was agreed, at a 
meeting of the three friends, that La Fayette should feign in 
disposition, and request of the Superintendant, that he might 



♦Passy, alias, Warsler, was a man of about 32 years of age, frank; 
open and intelligent in his countenance, of a fine complexion, with large, 
animated and expressive eyes. A man of taste and fashion, peculiarly 
prepossessing in his manners, and an enthusiastic admirer of the 
character of the Marquis La Fayette. He was a native of Trieste, 
Professor of the college at Olmutz, an unmarried man, fond of retire- 
ment and study ; in easy circumstances, and a friend of the muses. 
11 



122 xMEMOIRS OF 

• 
have medical assistance. Passy communicated this advice in 
a note, which was faithfully delivered by the surgeon.* 

La Fayette, as may well be supposed, devoured the con- 
tents ot this note, as soon as he was alone ; for it was the 
only one he had received since his confinement ; and the 
next day he addressed an answer upon the back of the same, 
written with his own blood, and conveyed it by the hands of 
the surgeon, in the same manner as it had been received. 

The success of this first attempt led the surgeon to wish to 
multiply his visits, and to effect this, he alleged, " that the 
usual hour of visiting the prisoners was very inconvenient 
for his hospital patients," and requested permission to visit 
the prisoners, to suit his own convenience, which was not on- 
ly granted ; but he was soon permitted to go alone, and at 
any hour of the day he chose. He now had the power and 
the means of furnishing General La Fayette with pen. ink 
and paper, for a regular correspondence, as well as wine, 
chocolate &c. for his support and comfort. The good hu- 
mour of the surgeon commanded the esteem and respect of 
the officers of the guard, and they were so indulgent, as fre- 
quently to leave him with the prisoner to enjoy their social 
interview. The surgeon extended this correspondence to 
Maubourg and Puzy, which greatly alleviated the despon- 
dency and gloom of their imprisonment ; especially when- 
ever they received intelligence from their families and friends. 

Thus through the agency of the surgeon, an entire change 



* <• The following morning, the surgeon, with the superintendent, 
made the 9 o'clock visit, after the ceremonies and precautions, I have 
already described. With the note carefully folded, and properly pre- 
pared in his hand, he approached La Fayette, and began to feel of his 
pulse ; then waiting for a convenient opportunity, he slipped the note 
into his hand, warning him by signs not to appear conscious of what 
he was doing. Afterholding his arm for some time, he turned to the 
superintendant and the officer of the guards, and told them gravely, 
that the General seemed very much agitated, and would probably re- 
quire to be bled. As soon as La Fayette felt the note in his hand, he 
was teized, as he has frequently told me, with a violent trembling, 
changed colour repeatedly, and shut his hand with a convulsive grasp. 
These appearances strongly confirmed the opinion of the surgeon ; the 
two officers reported to fhe governor, that the General was certainly 
very unwell ; and the stratagem succeeded beyond their moet sanguine 
expectations. 



LA FAYETTE. 123 

was made in the police of the prison, and in the sufferings of 
the prisoners. • It must be understood, however, that all this 
could not have been effected, but through the lenity of Count 
de Arco, governor of Olmutz, who secretly commiserated 
the suffering prisoners, and who was ready to afford them 
every possible relief and comfort, that did not immediately 
commit his own responsibility, and expose him to the dis- 
pleasure of the Austrian government." All the secret in- 
structions to the Governor, with regard to the prisoners, 
came to him through the Count de Saurau, Minister of Police, 
who was under the direction of Baron Thugut, his friend and 
protector, so that all the movements of Maquelico were sub- 
jected to the most rigid surveillance." 

These very important points were fairly gained ; but these 
were not sufficient for their purpose . It now became neces - 
sary to get the General abroad ; this also was effected through 
the instrumentality of the surgeon, who, by his repeated so- 
licitations, persuaded the guvemor to allow the General to 
ride out, in an open carriage, and sometimes beyond the walls 
of Olmutz. But to effect this, it became necessary for the 
surgeon to make a formal statement, in the form of a written 
document, in which the circumstances of the case were gen- 
erally stated, and his reasons assigned for this particular pre- 
scription. " The intendant also was obliged to confirm, by 
a written certificate, the representations of the surgeon.*^ 
When these documents had been forwarded to Vienna, per- 
mission was obtained from the Minister, for La Fayette to 
ride out, occasionally, for the benefit of his health, with a pos- 
itive order, " that the Governor should always attend him in 
person, with an armed guard, to prevent the escape of the 
prisoner." 

Two weeks had now elapsed since General La Fayette had 
enjoyed this privilege, and the Governor had indulged him, 
three or four times in each week, between the hours of five 
and six o'clock. Notwithstanding Governor Maquelico was 
an old man, very deaf, and very fleshy, of an indifferent edu' 
cation, and could speak no other language, but that of Austria, 
yet such were the feelings of his heart,that he really and tru- 
ly sympathised with the suffering La Fayette, and in their 
airings, would often leave the carriage with him, take him by 
the arm, and try to administer comfort and consolation ; but 
the guard, in the rear, kept a good look out for the prisoner. 



1U MEMOIRS OF 



CHAPTER XI. 



RESCUE GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 

Under this state of things, BoUman and Huger arrived afe 
Olmutz, on the 15th of October, 1794, and they at once ap- 
prised General La Fayette of their proposed plan for his es- 
cape. The preliminaries were all settled between them, 
and the 27th of October was agreed upon to carry their plan 
into effect. The parties had not yet seen each other, of 
course it became necessary to fix on some signal, by which 
they mightbe distinguished ; they hit upon the following, viz. 
that the young men should ride out together, on horseback, 
beyond the gates of the town, and whenever they should pass 
the carriage, which they would distinguish by the guard, one 
of them should take out a white har^tlK-icruef, by which they 
might be known. 

Under these arrangements, Bollman and Huger sent their 
servant to Troppau,to request their confidential friend,to keep 
in readiness apost chaise, at a place agreed upon, distant three 
miles from the frontiers of Moravia, on the side of Prussian 
Silesia. Should they succeed in their enterprise, their pur- 
pose was to abandon their horses, and by throwing them- 
selves into this post chaise, pass through Troppau, and thus 
make their escape to Saxony, where they would consider 
themselves safe. 

It was also agreed, that General La Fayette should endeav- 
our to extend his walk as far as possible, from the carriage, 
and even obtain permission to be alone for a moment : that 
Bollman should keep his seat upon the saddle, whilst Huger 
should assist the General in disengaging himself from the 
Governor and the guard, and in mounting behind him, (Boll- 
man,) : that Huger should then mount his own horse and fol- 
low on. 

Their plan being thus arranged, Bollman and Huger com- 
menced their accustomed ride, about 4 o'clock in the after- 
noon : but in their great zeal to accomplish their object, they 
neglected to bring a third horse, either through fear of sus- 
picion, or the hurry of the occasion. 

In order clearly to^understand all the movements of the ac-^ 



LA FAYETTE. 125 

ors in this scene, it will be necessary first to know thai 
)lmutz is situated in the centre of a plain, which was about 
hree miles in extent, in all directions, and distant about 30 
niles from the frontiers of Silesia. This plam is skirted 
ipon one side by the river Marsch, and low grounds on the 
)ther ; on the remaining two sides, lies an extent of country, 
nterspersed with hills, skirted with woods and underbrush : 
)ut the castle commands a full view of the plain on every 
side, to its full extent. From Olmutz to Troppau, the road 
s remarkably good until it divides upon the approach of a 
ising ground, about eleven miles from the castle of Olmutz : 
here the roads become very narrow. At the fork of these 
roads stands a guide post, with directions to Troppau and 
Braunseiffen. The first leads into Prussian Silesia, and the 
other into the interior of Austria. 

Dr. Bollman had explored the adjacent country, recon- 
noitered these roads, and requested the General, in his com- 
munication the day before, to extend his ride, if possible, as 
far as the rising grounds, skirted with wood, that their attempt 
might be concealed from the view of the castle. The Gen- 
eral, in his ansAver, promised compliance, if he could disen- 
gage himself from the Governor, adding, " who has now con- 
traded so strong a friendship for mc, as to hold me by the arm, 
'Whenever we leave the carriage to walk.'''' 

The carriage delayed so late, and the young men were so 
impatient, thatthetim.e seemed to them uncommonly long ; at 
last, however, the long looked -for carriage appeared to view, 
about half past five o'clock, with two men in it. 

The guard behind, was to the young men a sure evidence, 
that this must be the carriage of the Governor, in which La 
Fayette was then taking his accustomed airing. With one 
impulse they turned off their horses, and moved slowly for- 
ward, so that the carriage soon overtook them ; and as it pas- 
sed, Dr. Bollman drew out his white handkerchief, and La 
Fayette followed his example, or repeated the sign, as agreed 
upon. Bollman and Huger moved slowly on after the car- 
riage, until it stopped, and the Governor and the General 
alighted to commence their accustomed walk. They proceed- 
ed on as far as the wood, mentioned in Bollman's note, and La 
Fayette, by an urgent pretence, withdrew a iew paces from 
the Governor, when Bollman and Huger pushed forward their 
horses to the spot ; Huger sprang off, to assist La Fayette to 
11* 



i26 >ij:moirs of 

mount behind Boliman ; but the Governor, fat and clumsey ttb 
as he was, caught La Fayette by the arm, and in the struggle, 
the guard caught him behind, and was about to carry him off 
to the carriage, when Huger siezed the guard by the hair, and 
threw him upon the ground. The sudden fall of the guard (h; 
started the horse of Hnger, which wrenched the bridle from 
his arm, and gallopped off into the fields. Boliman, surprised 
by this accident, was about to dismount and assist La Fayette, 
who was then struggling with the guard, but Huger forbade 
him, and urged them both to be off as fast as possible, whilst 
he secured the Governor. The General held the guard up- 
on the ground, but the guard held the General so fast by the 
arm, that he could not disengage himself In the exertions 
of the moment, he seized the guard by the throat, but he 
still held on, and cried out for help ; the General attempted 
to thrust "his handkerchief into his mouth, to stifle his cries, 
when the guard let go his hold of the General, seized 
upon his fingers, with his teeth, and bit him most severely. 
The General wrenched his fingers from the teeth of the 
.guard : but left the skin and flesh behind ; and instantly 
mounted behind Boliman. Huger, discrying at that instant a 
peasant, (who was ploughing in a neighbouring field,) unhar- 
nessing his horse, for the purpose of coming to see what 
had caused the outcry, earnestly pressed Boliman and the 
General to be off, and leave him to the use of his legs, 
adding, I am an excellent runner, and can easily gain the 
neighbouring hills, and make my escape ; but one moment's 
delay from you, will ruin us forever. Thus pressed by 
necessity, Boliman and La Fayette gallopped away. Huger, 
in the mean time, having disarmed the governor, suddenly 
disengaged himself, and ran into the neighbouring wood. 
The Governor, struck with astonishment at the scene that 
had passed, proceeded to the assistance of the guard, and: 
halpedhim upon his feet ; for La Fayette had handled him. 
so roughly, that he was unable to rise without assistance, and' 
they crept into the carriage and returned to the castle. 

Boliman and La Fayette had not proceeded more than three 
miles before they heard the three alarm guns from the castle, 
to give notice that a prisoner had escaped. The Governor 
at the same time ordered all the officers to mount their horses, 
rmd commence the pursuit, and sent the soldiers to patrole 



LA FAYETTE. 127 

le country in every direction, and alarm the neighbouring 
ountry. 

The pursuers soon secured Hugers horse ; and Huger 
limself was soon descried and pursued by the peasant, who 
ad been ploughing in the neighbouring tield. Huger elud- 
(1 the pursuit for a time, by crossing the fields where it was 
lifficult for the peasant to ride ; but the peasant, in the 
varmthof the pursuit, dismounted from his horse, and com- 
nenced the chase on foot. The contest now became une- 
qual, the peasant was fresh, and Huger was fatigued and so far 
exhausted, that he was soon overtaken. As his only alter- 
lative, he turned upon the peasant and offered him his purse, 
;o secure his liberty, but the peasant refused it roughly, and 
seized him by the collar. Huger attempted to extricate him- 
self ; but his strength w-as so far exhausted, that he was 
constrained to submit ; his hands were bound, and under 
the guard of one of the patroles, he was barbarously con- 
ducted into the town, delivered to the Governor of the cas- 
tle, put into irons, and immured within the walls of a loath- 
some dungeon. 

When Bollman and the General heard the alarm guns, they 
urged on the speed of their horse ; but the roads were both 
muddy and slippery, from the rains that had fallen in the 
morning, and the almost exhausted animal slipped continual- 
ly, and at last stumbled and fell, and laid his riders prostrate 
in the dirt. They rose hastily, and finding their bones 
whole, attempted to remount their horse, but he appeared 
to be so far exhausted, that they agreed to give him a few 
moments rest ; then mounting again, they urged on their 
flight. Night had now overtaken them, and the clouds be- 
gan again to moisten the earth with a drizzling rain ; and the 
darkness shut out all objects from their view. In this de- 
plorable situation their minds were harassed with the most 
distressing anxiety. They trembled for the fate of Huger ; 
they dreaded the pursuit, they were anxious for their own 
safety, expecting at every step their weary horse would 
again stumble and plunge them into the mud. In this dis- 
tressing situation they arrived at the fork of the road, as be- 
fore described, which completed their agitation, and threw 
them into an inextricable dilemma. 

Bollman had forgotten the true road, and felt for the guide 
board • but such was the darkness that he could not discove? 



128 MEMOIRS OF 

one letter upon it. General La Fayette, in a low whisper, - 
advised to throw up the reins, and let the horse choose hi? 
own way ; Bollman complied ; but the poor, fatigued animal 
turned directly about, in order to return to town. Bollman, in 
a rage seized the rems, and urged the horse into the left path^ 
for it had now become very narrow, and pursued his course. 
They had not travelled more than three miles, before the 
horse again stumbled, and threw his riders. The General 
fell upon a sharp stone that wounded his arm severely, and 
the blood flowed freely. Recovering from their fall, they, 
began to recover their senses, so far, as to suspect that ai'^ 
road so rough and narrow, could not possibly lead directlyi'* 
to Troppau. lu this state of perplexity, they concluded toj'^ 
turn about, and endeavour to gain the other road ; but the \\ 
noise occasioned by their fall had given the alarm to a patrol 
ing company of peasants, who now accosted them with the f' 
usual salutation : Who goes there ? They hastened to re-'' 
mount their horse, hoping that the darkness would enable 
them to elude their pursuers ; but they had not proceeded 
many pvices, before they were surrounded by six armed'''' 
peasants, under the command of a resolute leader, who com- 
pelled them to go forward about forty rods, to their quar- 
ters, which they tound to be a large barn. Here they learntCI 
that they had missed the road to Troppau, and taken the 
one to Braunseifien, in their dilemma at the fork of the roads. 
They had now travelled twelve or fourteen miles, and be- 
gan to feel themselves out of the reach of their pursuers ; 
but it is the custom in Austria, that whenever a soldier or 
prisoner escapes, the gates of the town are immediately 
closed, three alarm gun« are fired, and patroles of cavalry 
are sent out in the pursuit. All the magistrates of the cities 
and villages are obliged to give the alarm, by the ringing of 
bells ; and thus the alarm is heard over the country in a short 
time. The militia of the country, (termed land strum,) are 
compelled to assemble at a given place of rendezvous, re- 
ceive arms, and join in the parsuit. To reward them for 
their services, as well as to excite vigilance, the govern- 
ment give a handsome compensation for every prisoner 
so taken and returned. The alarm bell had been sounded 
in Braunseiffen ; the villagers had been assembled, and the 
party of patroles, that had taken Bollman and La Fayette, 
had been accordingly stationed in this barn. 



LA FAYETTE. , 129 

The head of this guard was an honest man, who received 
e prisoners kindly ; invited them into the barn, and com- 
enced the necessary inquiries, respectfully. Bollman be- 
m his reply, by informing him, in Geriitan, " that they were 
vo English travellers, who were going to Troppau ; but had 
st their way." The officer seeing them covered with 
lood and dirt, was not satisfied with this answer, and requir- 
i some further explanations. Bollman proceeded to shew 
ow his companion had received a wound by a fall from their 
orse, which was then bound up with his handkerchief, 
he officer next inquired for their passports ; Bollman in- 
antly produced his, and added, my friend, through the 
arkness of the night, and the fall from his horse, had lost 
is portmanteau, and with it, his passport ; and that when 
ley discovered the light in the barn, they hastened forward, 
1 expectation of finding a guide for their journey; upon 
hich he offered a round sum in gold to any one who would 
rocure them a good horse, and a guide. 

The defence was adroitly managed ; but it did noi satisfy 
lie officer full}'^ ; he paid them a handsome compliment, as 
entlemen, but added, that his duty compelled him to detain 
hem, until he could receive orders from the Mayor, and des- 
atched his messengers accordingl}'. 

The passport of Dr. Bollman was handed round amongst 
he guard, and being written in German, two of them could 
ead, or at least spell it, who assured their chief that it must 
'e correct, because the visa of Vienna and Olmutz were very 
:xact. Bollman taking courage upon this, immediately re- 
umed his request, that they might proceed on their journey, 
md offered a much larger reward in gold, than before, to any 
)ne who would procure a guide and a good horse. But the 
)fficer persisted in his resolution, of waiting ibr the orders of 
he Mayor, adding his assurance, that he could not doubt of 
heir being gentlemen ; but the ringing of the alarm beHs 
•endered it impossible for him to permit them to proceed, 
vithout further orders. At this, he ordered a large fire to 
)e kindled, for the purpose of drying their clothes, a decent 
'epast was prepared, and set before them, and a comfortable 
)ed of straw was provided. Despair now seized upon these 
mhappy adventurers, they clearly saw their fate before 
hem ; their appetites loathed the food ; fatigue hung upon 
heir limbs ; disappointment and alarm dejected their 



130 MEMOIRS OF 

u 

spirits, and wretched as they were, they threw themselvesno 
down upon the straw, and sunk into a state of broken slum-iu] 
bers for the rest of the night. The officer of the guard, itl 
then ordered the horse to be brought in and fed ; the doors mi 
to be closed, and sentinels regularly placed to secure the#{ 
strangers until morning. Language cannot express, imagin- 
ation can not paint the tortures the minds of these unfortu- 
nate sufferers endured, through this distressing scene. A 
long three hours had now rolled away, when orders camejl 
from Richter, the Mayor of Braunseiffen, that the prisoners^ 
should be immediately brought before him. Before we en-u 
ter upon this new scene, it will be necessary to premise thatib 
Mr. Richter, the Mayor, is a wealthy manufacturer of cloth ; )it 
kind and generous in his feehngs, fixed and immoveable ini|( 
his integrity, and in all respects a plain honest man. ;t 

The following is an exact account of this adventure, given |) 
in the language of the Mayor, by Mr. Holstein. 

*' As soon as I saw them," (this was his account,) " I was 
sure they were gentlemen ; for I was struck with their ap- 
pearance, their dress, and their manners. But when I ob- 
served that their clothes were covered with mire, and stain- 
ed with blood, I hardly knew what to think. I immediately 
requested all persons present to retire, except my colleague, 
the curate, and the secretary of the municipality ; curious 
to know who they were, and how they came in such a 
strange predicament. Bollman then presented me his pass- 
port, told me that he was a Hanoverian, and of course a sub- 
ject of his Britannic Majesty, the friend and ally of Austria, 
and added, that his arrest had been very illegal. All this 
was said with so mur.h ease and propriety, that I was ex- , 
tremely perplexed, and hardly knew what course was best to 
adopt, when my associate and the curate, the gentlemen now 
before you,* advised me not to act with too much precipita- 
tion, but to wait for further intelligence from Olmutz. As 
soon as the two strangers saw us conversing and consulting 
together, in a low tone of voice, they began immediately to 
do the same. At length the Doctor rose from his chair, and 



♦ We were all three seMed at table after dinner, over a bottle of ex- 
cellent old Johannisbergher, a well known Rhenish wine of thatnamcvj 



LA FAYETTE. 131 

egged me to go with him into another room, as he wished 
) speak ^vith me alone. This request, made with great ah- 
aptness, and with marks of extreme agitation, induced me 
fc first to suspect, that he harboured some sinister design ; 
ut immediately repelling this suspicion, I invited him to 
'alk into that small apartment that you see there. We had 
:arcely entered and closed the door, when, with tears in 
is eyes, he asked me, ' whether I knew who was his com- 
anion. It is,' said he, ' the great, the good La Fayette, 
^hom I have attempted to deliver from prison. Oh ! save 
im I I beg, 1 conjure you ! and I'll give you all the gold I 
ave about me, and bills of exchange for 20,000 florins, and 
)r thirty thousand more, if you want it. And if that's not 
nough, the General will promise you a hundred thousand 
orins at least. Oh ! save him ! for God's sake, save him ! 
: was I who brought him to this horrible condition — punish 
e, and let me be your prisoner, and let him escape I' He 
len threw himself upon the ground before me, embracing 
y knees, and sobbed, and wept, and pra^'ed to me, as if I 
ad indeed been a saint or a saviour. 

' At the name of La Fayette, I felt such emotions as it 

ould be utterly vain to attempt to describe. Though I had 

iver seen him for a moment, he had ever been the object 

my profoundest esteem and veneration. In a state of great 

»d painful perplexity, and scarcely conscious of what I was 

)ing, I raised the young man from the ground, and asked 

m reproachfully, wh}^ as soon as my people had arrested 

m, he had not instantly written me a note undisguisedly, 

atingthe truth. In that case, I continued, I should have 

;paired to the spot, and could have easily made such ar- 

mgements, as to enable 3^ou both to escape, without in the 

ast committing myself. Tell the General how much 1 

ve, how much I revere him ; but tell him that I am ex- 

emely unhappy, that now it is utterly out of my power io 

sist his escape. There are too many persons who saw him 

rested, and he is, I am sure, too generous to ask me to do, 

hat would consign my wife and my children to inevitable 

iin. 

We had proceeded so far, when word was brought to 
e, that an officer had just arrived on horseback, with a mes^ 
^e from the Governor, and desi^-ed to see me immediately, 
fi entering the parlour, I found seated by the side of La 






132 MEMOIRS OF 

Fayette, the Governor's aid-de-camp, who, though he di 
not speak, seemed greatly enraged at what had taken place 
As soon as he saw me, he ordered me in the name of his e^ 
cellency, to apprehend and send to Olmutz, under a strori) 
guard, those two men, pointing to La Fayette and Bollmai 
and accompanying every thing he said with a violent oatt 
He then informed me of all that had happened ; but ever 
thing I heard, only excited my greater sorrow for their mi«i 
fortunes ; and I asked the aid-de-camp's permission, to offc 
him and the prisoners some refreshment, while the carriagi 
and the guard were preparing. My wife shed tears, on merr 
ly hearing that General La Fayette had been arrested, aft€' 
attempting to escape ; and indeed, all my children did thl 
same ; for we had fcequently spoken of the General wit 
great admiration, and though we had never seen him, we dil 
not love or esteem him the less. The two unfortunate mef 
refused to sit down to table with us, m spite of all my entre? 
ties ; but walked up and down the room in the greatest diji 
tress ; the sight of which, however, did not seem in thl 
least to affect the appetite of the hungry aid-de-camp. / 
length the carriage arrived ; and the aid, along with my asi 
sociate, got in with the two prisoners ; for I could not refua 
this mark of respect to a man whom I so deeply venerated 
especially, as a great concourse of people had already assetr, 
bled to witness, and watch our proceedings." 

" Such is the account which Richter gave me ; and I haV^ 
inserted here with almost literal exactness the informations 
received at several conversations with this respectable mar 
for it made upon my mind an impression, which, as long as 
live, nothing will efface. 

" When I repeated the substance of these conversatioc 
to General La Fayette, as we were one day seated in hi 
carriage, with his lady, and his daughters, on our way froi 
Olmutz to Hamburg, they all listened with marks of thl 
greatest emotion. Madame de la Fayette could not restral 
nor conceal her tears ; but taking the hand of her husban 
and mine, and pressing them warmly, " Oh my dear Felc 
mann,"* said she, *' how happy your story has made me|" 



♦ The reader is already infofmed, Ihat I had adopted the fictitioi 
wauje of Feldmann, for reasons hereafter to be mentioned. 



LA FAYETTE. 133 

or it assures me there are good men in every part of the 
vorld." ** Yes," observed La Fayette, " yes, even in Aus- 
'ria.'^ 



CHAPTER SIX. 

jKEltJH OF THE AUSTRIAN POLICE PERSECUTIONS OP THE 

FRIENDS OF LA FAYETTE FATE OF PASSY BUFFERINGS 

OF LA FAYETTE AND HIS COMPANIONS. 

The cabinet of St. James held a sovereign controul over 
he government of Austria at this time, through the agency of 
ler principal ministers, Thugut and Saurau, who were the 
Wowed enemies of Prince .Charles, then Commander in 
CJhief of the Austrian armies. Through their instrumen- 
'ality, Prince Charles was divested of his command ; but his 
reserving popularity caused the nation to frown upon the 
neasure, which opened the eyes of the Emperor to the in- 
ustice, as well as impolicy of the transaction, and he restored 
iiim again to the command. The jealousy of the ministers 
litill followed him, and so circumscribed his powers, by plac- 
ng him under the controul of a supreme council, which held 
heir sittings at Vienna, (the Ober-Hof-Kreigs-Rathj) that he 
yas under the necessity of obtaining the approbation of this 
'.ouncil, upon the smallest movements. 

The Baron Thugut and the Count Saurau were the most 
obsequious devotees of their sovereign, whose highest fa- 
?^ours they enjoyed ; but to their equals and inferiors, they 
vere the most contemptible tyrants. They denounced, with 
he most bigoted intolerance, all who dared to indulge a lib- 
>ral, or philosophic sentiment, and pursued them with the 
everest persecution. They led their sovereign captive at 
heir will, by surrounding the throne with the creatures of 
heir power, who poisoned the royal ear with false encomi- 
ims upon their merits, and drew a veil over their follies and 
rrors. 

These are the men to whom General La Fayette and his 
riends are indebted for all their sufferings. Their persecu- 
ions were not confined to the prison of Olniutz, they were 

12 



r. 



134 l^^PMOIRS OF 

brought home to tlieir own doors in the city of Vienna. The 
confirmation of this, the following narrative from Holstein, 
will fully shew. \ 

** Mr. Joseph Francois Huber, encouraged by the mani-' 
fest dissatisfaction which the inhuman treatment of La Fay- 
ette, Bollman and Huger, after their attempt to escape, hadi 
occasioned, among the more enlightened and liberal classes at 
Vienna, had ventured to publish in a weekly Journal several i 
articles in favour of General La Fayette and his friends, ad-- 
ding, that in this respect, his opinion was supported by that; 
of the greater part of the people of Austria. A fortnights 
had scarcely elapsed, after the publication of these essays, , 
when the police interfered, seizing all the copies of the^ 
Journal, which remained unsold, and arrested the editor. On 
his refusing to give up the name of the author of the article 
in question, he was chained, and thrown into a dungeon, 
where bread and water were his only food. His enlargement 
was only effected by the return of Mr. Huber, who hadbeem 
for some time absent from town, and who, as soon as he was 
informed orthe circumstance, hastened to acknowledge, that 
he had written the offensive article, and insisted that his^ 
friend should be released from prison, and tried before a! 
competent tribunal. To this appeal, the minions of thei 
ministers replied, by throwing Huber into the dungeon which 
confined his friend, who was not released until two months 
after ; to punish him, as these petty tyrants declared, for his 
obstinate refusal to betray the confidence of Huber. The 
latter, in spite of all the exertions of his wife, and his numer«, 
ous friends, was transferred secretly, and by night, loaded 
with chains, to the subterraneous cells of Munkatsch, in 
Hungary, where he remained nearly three years, in a wet 
unwholesome dungeon, filled with worms, toads, and other 
nauseous reptiles ; and where he would have perished, be- 
yond a doubt, without the assistance of several officers, his I 
friends, who contrived to convey to him, from time to tim<^, 
supplies of clothing, and more wholesome food. 

*'I saw Huber at Altona myself, and the account he gave ir, 
of his sufferings, which are published in the Neueste Staau- 
Anzeigen, was deplorable indeed ; and sufficiently prove 
that the prisons of Austria, particularly at Munkatsch an^ 
Spielberg, near Brunn, the capital of Moravia, are eve 
worse than the old Bastile, of which so much has been sai ' 
Of these transactions, the Emperor Francis H. knew abs 



LA Payette. 135 

lutely nothing ; and Huber and his friend owed their suf- 
ferings, exclusively, to the tyranny of Thugut and Saurau. 
All who understood the gloomy, suspicious, and ferociousf 
temper of these two ministers, knew themselves surround- 
ed by spies and informers, and feared, at every instant, ar- 
rest, confiscation and imprisonment." 

The following narrative, from the same author, will serve 
to shew the inquisitorial severity of the Austrian police, un- 
der the administration of the same ministers. 

" In the early part of 1796, I passed, for the first time, 
from Hamburg through Dresden, and Bautzen, to Prague, on 
a journey, incognito, to Olmutz, in order to ascertain ex- 
actly the condition of the prisoners, and the chances of es- 
cape. Sieveking, who had given Bollman letters of intro- 
duction and credit, gave me also, besides others, one for 
Balabene & Co. rich bankers at Prague. Travelling in a 
very elegant berlin, with four post horses, well provided with 
money and bills of exchange, and attended by a single domes- 
tic, I arrived at Prague on the morning of the day of the 
great festival, held in honour of the patron saint of Bohe- 
mia, St. Nopomuck. On this occasion there assemble an- 
nually, more than 50,000 strangers, who come upon a pil- 
grimage to Prague, to kneel at the shrine of the Saint, and to 
receive from the hands of his Ministers, pardon for their 
sins, and the gift of the holy absolution. This absolution is 
contained in little printed papers, which are sold in immense 
quantities, from the price of a few Kreutzers,* to two flor- 
ins a-piece, according to the greatness of the offence, and 
from their sale, the priests are enabled to realize incalcula- 
ble sums. 

"On my arrival at the gates of Prague, my carriage was 
stopped by the sentry. The officer of the guard came out, 
and obliged me to produce my passport, demanded my name, 
my last residence, place of birth, my rank, my business ia 
Prague, how long I intended to remain in the capital, and at 
what hotel I should lodge, &c. My answers to these ques- 
tions were placed in his port«folio. On my requesting him 
to return my passport, he told me, that his orders were to 



'" The value of the AiistrJan Kreutzer is rather less than that of the 
American cent. 



i3G MpiOmS OF 

send to the police the passport of all strangers, who arrivetf 
at the capital, and, if circumstances called for it, even the 
traveller himself; but, as you are a gentleman, he added, 1 
shall dispense with this last requisition. 

" In consequence of the concourse of people, drawn to 
gether by the approaching festival, it was with the greatest 
difficulty that I could procure lodgings. I was at last suc- 
cessful at the hotel Romische Kaysevy the landlord of whicii 
met me at the door, and making me several low and obse- 
quious bows, called me your Excellency, and Monsieur le 
Baron. His servility disgusted me, and I told him I was nei 
ther an Excellency nor a Baron. He then saluted me with 
the title of Ihro Giiaden, (yqur Lordship, or your Grace,; 
until, to get rid of his fulsome compliments, 1 asked him ab- 
ruptly what paper he had in his hands. After a thousand 
ridiculous contortions and grimaces, I was allowed to under- 
stand, that it contained a list of questions printed by the or- 
der of the police, similar to the inquisitorial interrogatories 
which had already been put to me by the officer of the 
guard. At this I could scarcely controul my impatience 
and fi»und it difficult to summon sufficient self-command to 
write the answers, and sign the paper. The landlord ther 
told me, that if he unfortunately omitted to send to the police 
an hour after the arrival of a stranger at bis hotel, a papei 
filled up and signed, like the one he had presented to me, lie 
would be punished by a fine of a thousand florins, or by ait 
imprisonment for eighteen days. 

" Exhausted as lavas with fatigue, having travelled day and 
night from Hamburg, without scarcely a moment's repose. 
I was nevertheless so impatient to reach Olmutz, thatmy in- 
tention was to remain at Prague only long enough, to go to the 
banker's, and procure the amount of a bill drawn at sight bv 
Mr. Strasow, a banker at Hamburg. The letters of Sieve 
king were merely small slips of paper, scarcely two fingers isi 
breadth ; for, after the failure of Bollman, no One was wil- 
ling to incur the smallest unnecessary risk. On this account, 
Sieveking advised me to conceal them with the utmost care, 
which I accordingly did. As his hand- writing could not he 
mistaken, he did not sign any of these notes, and they con- 
tained simply these words : " The bearer is my intimate 
friend ; assist him in every thing , as you would me." The 
words 171 every things which were underscored, authorized 



LA FAYETTI!. 137 

ne to draw Tor 50,000 florins, in case of necessity, as Mr. 
jjeveking explained to me himself. But I was already too 
veil provided, to make use of his letter of credit. 

'' This scrap of paper from Sieveking produced a wonder- 
"ul eifect. As soon as the Baron de Balabene had read it, he 
eceived me with open arms, begged me to tell him what ser- 
^ice«he could render me, and paid me at once the amount of 
he bill of Strasow, in such coin as I preferred, notvvithstand- 
ng it was the day of the great festival. I thought it prudent, 
liowever, not to communicate my intentions to him ; not 
"rom mistrust, for Sieveking had recommended him as a man 
)n whom I could entirely depend ; but, as he could not in 
tny way assist my designs, it seemed unadvisable to make an 
mnecessary confident. 

''On learning that I intended to leave Prague in an hour, he 
ibsolutely refused to let me go, till I had witnessed the fes- 
ivities of a day, so well meriting the notice of astranger, and 
I traveller. In short, I was obliged to remain. In the 
ourse of the day, we made an excursion on the Mulde, in a 
gondola, and landed on the beautiful islands of Gros and Klein 
'^''eneclig, where a large conco»irse of fashionable people had 
assembled. Afterwards, I saw the great procession, the 
)ridge on which is placed the statue of the Saint, superbly 
idornetl, and surrounded by more than ten thousand wax 
apers, by a multitude of priests, by an innumerable host of 
vorshippers, who lay prostate in the dust, and in short, by 
ill that imposing pomp and ceremonious magnificence, ob- 
jerved in all Catholic countries, and ab&ve all, in Austria, 
vhere superstition is so powerfully seconded by fashion. 

*'I had given orders to my servant to have my horse ready 
it eleven in the evening, wishing to redeem the time I had 
ost during the day, in order that I might reach Olmutz the 
lay but one after. Having urged me m vain to give up my 
ntention to travel by night, Balabene obtained from the 
jrovernor a pass, by which the gates of the town would be 
)pened to me ; for Prague is a fortified town, whose gates 
»re closed during the night, and none but men of distinction 
md family, are permitted to have passes, which they easily 
procure, by paying a few florins to the guard. 

" Highly gratified with the society of this amiable family, 
it whose house there had been given that day a magnificent 
'ete, I took my leave, and was conducted to my hotel. Be^ 
12* 



idt MEMOIRS OF 

fore I reached it, however, my servant, with every mark c ' 
consternation in his countenance, met me, and desired t< 
speak to me alone. From him I learned, to my great amaze 
ment, and I must confess, to my great embarrassment, thai 
the President of the police requested to see me, before! Itl 
he could give me my permit for the post horses. I immedi- ' 
ately set out, accompanied by the servant I had hired op in\ 
arrival,* for the residence of the President. On the way. 
he remarked, with a smile, " your excellency is too much oi : 
a gentlemen to have any thing to fear." 

" I was now shown the way through a long suite of apart4 
ments, superbly furnished, into the closet of the President, 
who was alone, and although it was at least half past eleven 
at night, seemed engaged^busily in writing. As soon as the 
door opened, he asked the servant who was there : " It i- 
the gentleman your excellency! sent for," he replied, goinp, 
out and closing the door. *' Ah ha !" said the other, turning 
his broad red face towards me, but without raising his pon 
derous body from the chair. "Well! who are you ? 
This unmannerly reception and authoritative air, provokect 
me to reply in the same tone, " I am a traveller." " Fron. 
what place ?" " My passport will tell you." It lay by his 
side ; he unfolded it, and began to examine it. In the mean 
time, shocked at his incivihty in allowing me to stand, I took 
up one of the arm chairs, with which the large room was fil 
led, placing it directly in front of him, and sat down. He 
contracted his brow, looking at me over the passport, but i 
said nothing. After he had attentively examined all the visa 
of the different places through which I had passed, the 
names of which were on the back of the passport, he asked 
me if I knew any of the inhabitants of the city. " I do," I 
replied ; " I have passed the wliole day with the Baron de 
Bfdabene." *' Ah ! sir, are you acquainted with the nohlt 
Baron de Balabene ?" " So well, that he this morning paid 
me a large sum of money, and refused to allow me to leave 
him to-day." These words seemed to work a miracle. He 
rose from his seat, addressed me with Ihro Gnaden^ gave m^- 



* The greatest part of these servants, are spies of the police. 

t The reader is not to be surprised at this eternal repetition of title 
J]iei3 to recollect this took place ia Austria, not in America. 



LA FAYETTE. 130 

As hand, told me he hud been misinformed, and declared 
itiis dehght at becoming acquainted with me. He suddenly, 
liiowever, seemed to recollect himself, desired me to excuse 
lim, passed into the antechamber, whispered to several of 
the servants, and among these, to the one I had hired, and 
hen returned and took a seat by my side. These manoeu- 
vres on the part of my mysterious host, began to make me 
uneasy ; for I had been warned by my friends at Hamburg, 
that I should have occasion for all my circumspection and 
prudence. I was soon reassured, however, by the entrance 
of several servants, who now came in, bringing glasses, and 
three or four bottles of wine. A small table was then brought 
near the soph a on which we were sitting, and on it were ar- 
ranged the wine and glasses, with cakes and preserves. My 
entertainer then asked me what wine I preferred ; " for 1 
now see clearly," said he, " you are a gentleman^ and we 
must empty a bottle together, while we wait for oiy friend 
Balabene." " What! have you sent for the Baron ?" *' i 
have, and I hope you'll not take it amiss. Our sovereign's 
commands are so strict, that we cannot take too much pre- 
caution. I am the father of a very large family, and my 
fortune is small. 1 am surrounded with spies, and have 
sent for the Baron, that I may not be accused of having neg- 
lected my duty. About a fortnight ago, we arrested the dri* 
ver of a diligence, in whose possession we found a book, in 
the cover of which was secreted a letter, addressed to a very 
respectable man at Olmutz, and in which, among other things, 
mention was made of a French officer, who was travelling- 
incognito, the bearer of very interesting intelligence for 
General La Fayette, another French officer, with whom yoa 
are probably acquainted." As he uttered these last words, 
he fixed his eyes steadfastly on my face. But the stratagem 
did not succeed ; for, raising my glass, I drank to his health, 
and replied with the utmost indifference, ** I know the namf; 
of the man you mean very well ; it is mentioned in all the 
Gazettes ; but I did not know he was there — I thought he 
was at Magdeburg.'' At this, he laughed heartily, and tak- 
ing me by the hand, told me that my ignorance was the best 
proof that / was not the French officer ; and that, besides, I 
spoke German too well for a Frenchman. Balabene now 
entered, and confirmed the good opinion of the Presidept ; 



140 i\fEMOIRS OF 

we finished our bottles, my host gave me the permit, an. 
wished me a very pleasant journey." 

One more instance of the vindictive persecution of thcj 
same ministers, from the same author, may serve to confirm 
the foregoing remarks. 

** Passy, however, of whose generous exertions, in assist- Ij, 
ingthe escape of La Fayette we have spoken at large inthc L 
preceding chapters, could not elude the vigilance and ven-'L 
geance of Thugut and Saurau. According to the best infor- j^j 
mation we have been able to obtain, it appears, that about sixW, 
months after the enlargement of the prisoners, and our do- L 
parture from Olmutz, he was no more to be seen ; andifc/j^ji 
was strongly suspected, that he was thrown into the dungeons 
of Spielberg or Munkatsch. We therefore take this oppor- 
tunity, G|rnestly to entreat the friends of humanity in Aus- 
tria, (ifinndeed, this work can ever hope to cross the cordon i^^,^ 
of Austrian police,) to publish to the world, whatever infor- ij 
mation they may possess of the fate of this unfortunate man. 
By so doing, a very signal favour will be conferred on the 
families of La Fayette, Latour-Maubourg, and Bureau de 
Puzy ; and one at least as great on myself; for a close ■|j'| 
friendship, founded on the sincerest gratitude and esteem, 
had connected me with this excellent and benevolent mnn. 
With respect to the two tyrants who were the authors of the 
sufferings of the prisoners, I believe that the Count de 
Saurau is dead, and that Thugut drags out a miserable exi;? 
fence, deservedly despised by every one around him." 



CHAPTER ZUX 

J.A FAYETTE, BOLIMAN AND HUGER ARRESTED, AND IMPRIS 
ONED AT OLMUTZ. 

The capture of these three worthies we have noticed ; wr 
will now follow them through their future sufferings. 

As soon as General La Fayette was returned to the dun- 
geons of Olmutz, ** Braueps, the superintendant, ordered 
him to be immediately thrown iato chains, and the irons were 



LA FAYETTE. 141 

closely fastened round his feet, that for more than three 
Dnths, he endured the most excruciating torture, of which, 

the while, the governor was absolutely ignorant ; for not- 
thstanding his previous professions, he never came now to 
sit tlie prisoners, nor took the least trouble to ascertain 
eir melancholy situation. Was this owing to fear, indiffer- 
ce, or insensibility ? Let Count de Arco justify himself, 

he may, if he be still living. From this moment, General 
i Fayette was treated with the utmost rigour. He had pre-- 
ous to his confinement, suffered a very severe fit of ilhiees 
Magdeburg, of which he had never been thoroughly cured, 
is anxieties, his fatigues, his anguish, and despair, at tind- 
g himself again in the power of his unrelenting jailer, so 
attered his nerves, that his fever returned, with redoubled 
olence. In this state he was allowed nothing for his bed, 
it a little damp and mouldy straw ; irons were upon his 
et, and a chain was put round his waist, and fastened to the 
all, which barely permitted him to turn, from one side to 
e other. No light was admitted into his cell, and he was 
'en refused the smallest allowance of linen. 
" The winter of 1794 — 5 Avas extremely severe ; but his 
human jailers did not, on that account, relax from the rigor 
'systematic and proscribed oppression. It seemed, indeed, 
ifficiently evident, that their object was to put an end to the 
dstence of their victim, by their ingenious device of irre- 
|)onsible cruelt3^ Worn down by disease, and the rigor of 
|ie season, his hair all fell from his head, and he became 
'naciated to the last degree. To these physical distresses 
ere now superadded, those mental anxieties, which are, 
3rhaps, still more difficult to endure. The only informa- 
on he could obtain, respecting the fate of his wife andchil- 
?en^ for whom he felt the most painful solicitude, was that 
ley were conlined in the prisons of Paris ; and in reply to 
is inquiries about Bollman and Huger, his tormentors in- 
trmed him, that they were soon to perish by the hands of 
le hangman." 

While wc drop a tear of commiseration upon the suffer- 
igs of this great and good man, let us turn our attention for 
moment to the situation of Bollman and Huger, hi« brave 
id philanthropic deliverers. See the following interesting 
irrative from the Edinburgh Register for 1809, at page 519. 



142 M£MOIRS OF 

*' The reader's attention naust now be confined to Huger^ 
the detail of whose sufferings the writer is better acquainted 
with than those of Bollman, having been informed of them bj 
Iiimself. The day after his entrance into the castle, Hugei 
received notice from the jailer, to prepare for an examina- 
tion before the chief magistrate of the city. As he was not 
conscious of having committed any very heinous crime, he 
was under no apprehensions for his life ; but expected, thai 
after he had told his story, and declared the motive of his 
actions, his judge might subject him to some slight punish- 
'iient, perhaps a short imprisonment ; what then was \m 
amazement, when he heard himself accused of having enter 
cd into a conspiracy against the Austrian government. 

" The examination was carried on by means of an inter- 
preter, a young man of a benign aspect, who seemed to com 
passionate his situation, and who, when hegave such answer.* 
as he thought might tend to hurt his cause, made him repeat 
his answers, softening their import, assuring him that h( 
knew he did not exactly express himself in proper terms, ant 
desiring him to recollect whether he did not mean to answei 
in such and such a manner. Huger saw his good intentions 
and determined to rely on his judgment, especially after he 
had heard him say, in a low voice, ' I am your friend.' Af 
ter this, and many subsequent examinations, the magistrate 
informed him, he must not expect pardon, but advised him U 
prepare for the worst. This exhortation, so often repeated 
began to have some effect upon him ; and, considering h( 
was in the power of an absolute monarch, whose will wa? 
superior to law, he could not shake off some melancholy pre 
sages. His place of confinement was a loathsome dungeon 
without light ; he was fed with the coarsest food, chained U 
the floor during the night ; his own clothes taken from him 
and others sent him, that had been already worn by many ai 
unfortunate prisoner. Thus he dragged on the three firs 
months of his confinement. After that time he was remove( 
to a better room, into which glimmered a borrowed light 
better clothes, and more wholesome food were given him 
and his circumstances in every respect improved. 

*<• But still he was uncertain as to his fate, and the jailei 
was the only human being who visited him. One dav he 



LA FAYETTE. 143 

was surprised with the appearance of his young friend the 
interpreter, Mr. W .* 

" Nothing could exceed his joy, at once more beholding a 
kindly human face. He informed Huger, that the court of 
Austria had believed that all the garrison of Olmutz had been 
engaged in the conspiracy ; that many people had been ar- 
rested on suspicion ; for it could not be believed that two 
such young men, as he and Bollman, could have formed and 
executed so daring a plan, without the aid of others ; but as 
no proofs had hitherto appeared, it was determined to bring 
them shortly to trial, and for that purpose lawyers were to 
be sent from Vienna to assist the magistrates of the city. 
Huger now for the first time learned the complete failure of 
their scheme, and that Bollman was under the same rooi 
with him. However sad the reflection was, that his friend's 
suiferings equalled his own, yet he could not express the 
joy he felt at being so near him. Soon after, he discovered 
that he inhabited the room above him. Thenceforward his 
treatment was much less rigorous ; even the jailer, who till 
lately had observed a profound silence, relaxed his caution, 
and came frequentlv to visit him ; and though a man of few 
words, yet as his presence broke the dreary solitude, he felt 
happy whenever he made his appearance. Many were the 
experiments he tried to hold a communication with Bollman, 
and at length he succeeded. 

" He discovered that the window, which threw a borrow- 
ed light into his cell, served likewise to throw light into that 
of Bollman. He picked a piece of lime from the wall, and 
with it scratched a few words upon a black silk handkerchief 
he wore about his neck, then fixing it upon a stick, he climb- 
ed up the side of the room, and raised the stick as near the 
common window as he could, until he had attracted the atten- 
tion of Bollman, who, after many efforts, made himself mas- 
ter of it, and returned an answer by the same method. De- 
lighted with having overcome this difficulty, they never suf- 
fered a day to pass without some communication. To W 

they were indebted for the means of rendering their situation 



"■ * The initials only of this excellent man's name are giren, for 
.necessary and obvious reasons. Editor of the Megister.*^'^' 

*'This may y)0?=ibly be our Professor Passy. 



144 MEMOIRS OF 



still more comfortable, by engaging the jailer's wife in thei; 
interest ; a few presents, |and now and then a small piece o 
money, induced her secretly to bring them booka^ food, wine 
and warmer clothes ; and at length to procure a meeting be 
tween the two friends, at first short, but by degrees become 
more hardy, they were permitted to pass some part of ever 
day together. The following is an extract of a letter writtei 
by Huger to a near friend and relation, which, as it describe; 
his situation and feelings in a forcible manner, ought not to b< 
omitted : 

" I am equally ignorant how this affair may have beer 
represented, or what maybe thought in these times, of an at 
tempt to deliver Marquis de La Fayette. 

*"The motives which however, induced me to engage 
m it, cannot be judged by those who examine all similar en 
terprises according to their success or failure ; believe me 
it was neither unreasonably undertaken, nor rashly executed 
but failed from accidents, which prudence could not foresee 
To the mortification of a failure were added the miseries o 
a prison, which in Austria, exceed any thing known in Eng- 
land. In a small room, just long enough for my bed of straw 
with eight-pence a day for my support — at night chained tc 
the ground, and without books or light — I passed the first 
three months of my captivity. After this time my situation 
became gradually better ; but I was not allowed to write tc 
my friends, to be delivered from my chains, or permitted th€ 
smallest intercourse with the world, till a fortnight before m^ 
release. 

" ' In such a situation, the consciousness alone of having 
<lone nothing dishonest or dishonourable, could aiSbrd that in- 
ternal satisfaction, and inspire that stern patience, necessary 
to support calmly so sudden and severe a reverse of fortune ; 
but it has convinced me that a mind at peace with itself, can 
in no situation be unhappy. Daily habit also, soon removed 
the unpleasant sensations excited by disagreeable and unaccus- 
tomed objects ; and the mind, which no power can restrain, 
will always derive consolation from hope, and rarely want 
some subject to be actively employed upon. 

*' ' My friend and con>panion, Mr. Bollman, was in the same 
house, and our efforts to establish some communication, or 
to procure a momentary interview, afforded exercise for in- 
vention ; and, in proportion to the difficulty of effecting our 



LA FAYETTE. 145 

wishes, the smallest success rewarded days of projects and 
expectation. I once also found means to disengage myself 
irom my chains, and felt an emotion beyond the power of 
words to describe.' 

' ' The slave, liberated by the bounty of his master, expe- 
riences nothing similar to it ; he feels obligation for a favour 
conferred ; but a person formerly free, breaking the chain 
of tyranny and oppression, has the double enjoyment of 
overcoming his enemy, and regaining his liberty by his own 
exertions. Mine was but ideal for I was still surrounded 
v/ith walls and sentinels ; it was an event which might be of 
such consequence, that I did not permit the reality to inter- 
rupt the happiness it afforded me : and I probably felt more 
enjoyment at that moment, than in general, one half the 
world ever experienced in their lives, even those possessing 
freedom, wealth, and friends. My long captivity has not then 
been wholly miserable, nor without some pleasure.' 

" At length, at the end of seven months, they were inform- 
ed that the crown lawyers were arrived. The government 
by this time was satisfied that the attempt to liberate La Fay- 
ette was planned independently by two adventurers, and that 
it was not a plot laid by the secret agents of France, in 
which the garrison of Olmutz, at least was concerned, if it 
were not more widely extended ; and upon their trial, the 
sole fact of having attempted to rescue a state prisoner was 
alleged against them. 

" This fact being proved, they were remanded to their 
prison, to await the sentence which was to be pronounced 
against them by the supreme magistrate. They were now, 
however, permitted every indulgence but liberty. It was 

some days before they heard from W ; and when he 

came they were astonished and confounded to hear from him, 
that their punishment was intended to be imprisonment for 
life. He, however, consoled them, by hinting that if they 
could by any means procure money, this sentence might be 
changed to one much less severe, as it remained with the 
magistrate to pass what sentence he thought proper, or even 
to release them entirely. Bollman had no fortune, and as 
Huger had no credit in Austria, it would be a long time be- 
fore he could receive a remittance from London. W , 

their guardian angel, promised to do all he could for them. 
13 



Ue MEMOIRS OF 

" In the vicinity of Olmutz resided a Russian nobleman, j 
of most polished manners, joined to the greatest benevolence 

of heart. With him, W enjoyed a perfect intimacy and 

friendship ; they were congenial souls. W — — had made 
him acquainted with the whole of their story ; through him 
^.he had been able to administer so frequently to their comfort ; 
and he now nobly offered to advance them whatever money 
they might want to accomplish their release, and to defray 
their expenses to Hamburg. Having thus removed the 
greatest difficulty, his next care was to sound the sentiments 
of the magistrate. This he could easily effect, as in the 
capacity of interpreter, he had constant communication with 
him. He soon discerned that the magistrate was not averse 
to his speaking in their favour ; and when he artfully insinu- 
ated that a large rew^ard would certainly attend his declaring 
himself inclined to pardon, he found he was listened to with 
more attention. Having gained this point, he very soon 
came to an eclaircissement. The magistrate made an exor- 
bitant demand ; W said it was useless for him to go to 

the prisoners with such terms, and as he knew exactly the 
state of their finances, he could at once mention what they 
had to give, and therefore the utmost he could expect. — 
*rhis sum was fifty pieces. He refused to comply for less 

than a hundred. In answer to this, W desired him to 

consider, that if he delayed his determination he might lose 
his prize altogether, for that great interest was making at 
Vienna, for the release of the prisoners, which he had no 
doubt would succeed, as amongst others, the English and 
American ambassadors had exerted themselves in their fa- 
vour. 

" This upright magistrate at last yielded to the impulse of 
avarice, and agreed, that if the prisoners would send him 
the money before they left the prison, they should be re- 
leased the next day. To this he answered, they were so 
distrustful of all about them, that he was certain they would 
rather await the result of the petition at Vienna, than part 
with their little stock of money at an uncertainty ; but he 
added, that he himself would become their security, and be 
answerable to him for the money, in case they did not pay 
it. To this he agreed, and W was authorized to nego- 
tiate with the prisoners. All matters being soon settled, the 
term of their imprisonment was first fixed at fourteen years, 



LA FAYETTE. 147 

i\ien shortened to seven, soon after to one, then to a month, 
and lastly, to a week ; at the expiration of which, they were 
released from prison. 

" They immediately repaired to the house of the magistrate 
to -eturn him thanks for the many indulgences he had allow- 
ed them, and upon shaking hands with them at parting, the 
stipulated sum was put into his hands. It is not to be sup- 
posed they made a long stay at Olniutz ; no longer than was 
necessary to pour out their grateful acknowledgments to the 
Russian nobleman, and above all, to the noble minded, gen* 

erous W , to whose kindness they owed all the comforts 

they had experienced in prison, and to whose friendly and 
humane exertions they were ultimately indebted for their lib 
oration." 



CHAPTJSR ZIV. 

LA FAYETTE OBTAINS SOME RELIEF IN HIS CONFINEMENT. 

Thugut and Saurau having suspected Count de Arco of 
having been too indulgent to General La Fayette, before his 
attempted escape, removed him soon after, and he was suc> 
ceeded by Baron de Schroter, General of artillery. They 
dismissed, at the same time. Captain Brauers, the superintend- 
ent, and filled his place by Count Maquelico, an Irishman. 

They loaded with encomiums Richterthe Mayor of Braun- 
seiffen, and assured him " that his majesty had a proper sense 
of the zeal he displayed in the arrest of La Fayette and Boll- 
man ; and that in order to evince his satisfaction, his majesty 
had sent him a medal of gold, with a chain of the same, ac- 
companied with his gracious permission, that he might wear 
it on all great public occasions." " I have seen both the 
letter and the medal," says Holstein ; '' the sight of which 
produced upon me very disagreeable impressions, and I owe 
it to this excellent man to state, that it was only shewn to me 
at the particular and reiterated request of his friend Hirsch, 
who took me to see him at my first arrival at Olmutz." 

" The new governor de Schroter," continues Holstien, 
" was a man advanced^in life, of not unkind feehngs, but rude 
and abrupt in his deportment, and very mudh addicted to the 



Ms MEMOIRS OF 

pleasures of the table. General La Fayette remained in 
irons for more than three months after his arrival, and no 
one had courage enough to speak in his behalf. Kreutschke, 
the head surgeon, who had fortunately escaped suspicion, 
had however not forgotten his friend, and one day speaking 
on the subject to Hirsch, it was agreed, after consulting Passy, 
the professor, to ascertain, if possible, the new governor's 
sentiments with regard to the prisoners ; and this was ac- 
complished in the following manner. 

"^Hirsch kept decidedly the best table in Olmutz, and had 
his vaults abundantly stocked with excellent wines. Of this 
circumstance, de Schroter was disposed to avail himself ; 
and accordingly, from the day of the first entertainment 
which the banker gave in honour of the governor's appoint- 
ment and arrival, he made it a point to dine with him regu- 
larly two or three times a week, and the wine of course wa? 
never forgotten. Maquelico, who was also a good judge of 
\vine, though rather too poor to drink any of his own, gen- 
erally came with his excellency to these family dinners, as 
he called them. Hirsch, on one occasion, invited the gov- 
ernor to dine at his house on his birth day. The invitation 
was immediately accepted. At this dinner none were pre- 
sent but a few select friends, and among these the surgeon, the 
professor, and the superintendent. Hirsch took care to pro- 
vide a sumptuous repast, and to fill his neighbour, the gover- 
nor's glass, with every variety of wine. The guests were of 
course in jadmirable spirits, and when the dessert was served, 
the governor took occasion to offer a compliment in his usual 
style, on the magnificence of his host's hospitality, and the ex- 
cellen. flavour of his wines. To this, Hirsch politely replied, 
that he had undoubtedly made every effort to receive his 
excellency with the honours due to his rank ; but he beg- 
ged leave to observe, that there were many poor wretches, 
who would be satisfied with the thousandth part of their fare ; 
and he would take that opportunity, he added, to ask of his 
excellency on this, his birth day, one single, solitary favour. 
The Governor, whose conduct had now begun to show the 
progress of the wine, laughed with great good nature, and 
told him his request was granted before it was made. Em- 
boldened at this promising reply, Hirsch entreated him to 
extend some little indulgences to La Fayette, to take off his 
irons, and to allow him to leave his dungeon for an hour, in 
preseace; at least, of the assembled guard. Certainly, cer- 



LA FAYETTE. 149 

tainly, answered de Schroter, and turning to the superinten*- 
dent, exclaimed, Maquelico, you may give orders that the 
irons be removed from the prisoner, and that he be allowed, 
from to-morrow, to walk for an hour — recollect ! for an hour, 
and no more — in the Jesuits' hall, (the name of the prison 
where La Fayette and his friends were confined.) This 
indulgence relieved in a measure the General's sufferings ; 
but he was unable to hold any communication with his friends, 
for although they came out at the same hour^ and to the 
same hall, yet each one of them was surrounded by four sol- 
diers, who allowed them only to walk within the prescribed 
limits, and forbade them to speak or make signs to each 
other, on pain of being remanded to prison immediately, and 
of forfeiting entirely the privilege of walking in the hall. 

" Previous to the attempt of the General to make his escape, 
he corresponded with his two friends without much diffi- 
culty, by means of the surgeon, who received for his servi- 
ces, on different occasions, many valuable presents, which 
Hirsch paid, from the very large advances of money which 
the iVmerican Consul at Hamburgh, Mr. John Parish, had 
placed at the disposal of the Olmutz banker. The Gener- 
al's valet-de-chambre, Felix, was occasionally allowed to 
remain in his master's prison. On one of these occasions, 
Felix told him, that in case of necessity, he had thought of a 
plan to enable him to converse with Maubourg and Puzy, by 
means of a kind of flute he had made of reeds, and which 
furnished the notes of a double octave, or sixteen tones, of 
which the combinations represented words, and even phra- 
ses. Pleased at the ingenuity of the scheme. La Fayette 
learned by heart this telegraphic dictionary, by means of 
which he was enabled to communicate his thoughts to his 
friends, without observation or suspicion. 

'* At first they attempted to take away Felix's flute, on pre- 
tence that it made too much noise, but on his earnest and 
repeated entreaties, they allowed him to keep it. As he 
played very slowly, Maubourg and Bureau de Puzy marked 
with a piece of coal, or wood, the corresponding phrases, un- 
til they had interpreted the whole of the intelligence con- 
veyed from their friend. When we were together at the 
chateau of Lehmkuhlen, in Holstein, after the liberation of 
La Fayette, I expressed some curiosity to see how this cor- 
respondence was effected. Felix was accordingly brought 
13* 



loO MEMOIRS OF 

into the parlour where all were assembled, and performed 
on his flute the purport of several little notes which I gave 
him, and which Maubourg and Puzy, in a distant apartment, 
immediately interpreted. I mention this fact, to show that 
ingenuity will contrive resources under the most discourag-. 
ing circumstances, and learn to defeat the stratagems of 
tyranny itself. This happy invention, which we believe is 
entirely new, does very great credit to both La Fayette and 
his valet. 

"They had contrived another mode of correspondence, 
quite as curious as that which 1 have mentioned. As the 
surgeon seldom visited Maubourg and Puzy, they could not 
often avail themselves of his assistance ; and during the indis- 
position of Felix, the enchanted flute was silent, for want of a 
performer. The following expedient was then resorted to, 
Maubourg had purchased a young poodle, a species of dog : 
which, as every one knows, is very sagacious, and will fetch 
and carry remarkably well. 

" Each of the friends had his note prepared and rolled np in 
a small piece of wool, and brought it with him into the hall, 
where at three in the afternoon they were permitted to walk. 
Here Priaubourg, who had trained the dog well to his duty, 
threw the ball of wool, in which was concealed the note he 
had prepared to General La Fayette, and told the spaniel to 
fetch it. But the General, instead of the ball which Mau- 
bourg had thrown to him, put his own into the mouth of the 
spaniel, who brought it faithfully back to his master. Then 
Maubourg, who stood between La Fayette and Puzy, turned 
to the latter, and repeated the same manoeuvre with him. 
On returning to their cells, the three friends opened the balls, 
and read, with great pleasure, each other's notes ; prepared 
their replies, and the next day Mustapha played the messen- 
gers part with equal success. 

" These three gentlemen have frequently told me,that after 
exchanging their notes, the hour they were permitted to 
wnlk became no longer a privilege, and they were impatient 
to return to their dungeons to read each other's reply, which 
generally contained nothing of consequence, but was always 
very acceptable. 

" No person who has not been placed in similar circum- 
stances, can possibly appreciate the value which trifles hke 
these, oa such occasions, acquire. They told me too, that 



LA FAYETTE. 161 

the jailers, the soldiers, and the whole guard, far from sus- 
pecting the meaning of Mustapha's manoeuvres, were the first, 
to laugh at his gambols, and admire his sagacit}'." 



CHAPTER XV. 

MADAME LA FAYETTE HER SUFFERINGS AT PARIS JOURNEV 

TO V^IENNA AUDIENCE OF THE EMPEROR INTERVIEW WITH 

HER HUSBAND AT OLMUTZ. 

The 20th of June, 1792, in which the royal dignity of Louis 
XVI. was wantonly degraded ; the ever memorable 10th 
of August, on which the power of the crown was tinally anni- 
hilated ; the bloody 2d of September, when the Jacobin 
mob tilled up the measure of all the crimes they had the 
power to perpetrate ; the ever memorable 20th of January, 
1793, when the Convention passed their unhallowed sentence 
upon the unfortunate Louis XVI ; the awful solemn 21st of 
the same month, when the King bleduponthe scaffold under 
the axe of the guillotine, that scaffold upon which his unfor- 
tunate Queen and sister were soon destined to follow him, 
have all been noticed in their places. 

Tidings of these last scenes were conveyed to General La 
Fayette, while in prison at Magdeburg ; and his jailers, with 
more than savage barbarity accused him of being the cause 
of all the sufferings of the King and royal flimily. They 
also violated the dungeons of La Fayette and his friends, 
loaded them with insults, and threatened them with the ven- 
geance of their sovereign, even torture "ami death, as the 
prime instigators of the cruel death of Louis XVI. They 
went still further, and even threatened the lives of their un- 
fortunate domestics, Felix and Augustus, who were confined 
in another apartment. Fortunately, none of them under- 
stood German except Bureau de Puzy, they therefore could 
not comprehend the whole force of their threats ; but their 
gestures were sufficient to shew them, but too plainly, the 
meaning of their threats. They trembled for themselves ; 
but they trembled more for their families, which were theu 
i"a France, knowing as they did the state of public feeling, 



152 MEMOIRS or 



and the fatal consequences to which they were exposed 
Their alarms were but too well founded, as the divisions h 
in the Convention, imprisonments, revolutionary tribunals, 
scaffolds, assassinations, &c. under the most cruel tyranny 
that ever disgraced the annals of history, have fully evinced. 

These days of terror and of blood, have long been past ; 
but when we call to mind the sufferings of our friends who 
were the victims of their rage, recollection calls them back 
To our view, with all their horrors. 

*' But how shall I delineate the character of that virtu- 
ous and admirable woman," says Holstein, " how express 
the profound veneration with which my heart is filled, how 
depict those qualifications, that rare and heroic devotion, the 
model of all that is great and noble, and exalted, which adorn- 
ed and characterized the too short life of this extraordinary 
female, whose claim to all the praise we can bestow, is en- 
forced by the recollection of how well she deserved the 
name o{ Madame La Fayette, We defy the ablest writer to 
do justice to the merits of this distinguished woman. We 
may form some feint idea of her noble character, but can 
never make the portrait of her virtues faithful and complete. 
It is entirel}"^ out of our power to describe the situation of 
Madame La P'ayette, when she was informed of the pro- 
scription, the flight, the fetters of her unfortunate husband. 
It was a blow that almost overpowered her ; but her firm- 
ness and courage, instead of abandoning her, rose with the 
occasion, only however, to subject her to the test of a still 
severer trial. She, together with her two daughters, the 
young Anastasia and Virginia, were confined in the prisons of 
j?aris, because the implacable foes of her husband could not 
glut their rage on him, they transferred their vengeance to 
his unfortunate family, and made the victims of their perse- 
cution, a mother and her two young daughters, whose only 
defence Avere their virtues and their tears. 

*vMadame La Fayette expected, every day, the prefer- 
ment of the charges against her. which, at that period, was 
a decree of death ; every day she wept over the fate of her 
husband and her unfortunate children, and every day she re- 
ceived the news that some of her relations and friends had 
fallen by the guillotine . The extensive property of her hus- 
band had been confiscated and sold ; a portion of her own 
had shared the same fate ; while her family, which was 



LA FAYETTE. 153 

among the most opulent, as well as the most numerous, was 
ruined forever. As for herself, surrounded as she was hy 
the terrors of death, she still remained calm, and wept only 
for her husband and her children. Her boundless confi- 
dence in the decrees of that providence, which regulates the 
destinies of feeble mortals, consoled and supported her. 
She has often acknowledged to me since, that when the an- 
guish and agony of body and mind had almost deprived her 
of her senses, she had still resolution enough to suppress 
her tears, and repair to some corner of her prison, and there 
offer up a prayer to Heaven, without being perceived by 
her children, who were fellow prisoners with her in the 
same apartment. Afterwards, these young companions of 
her misery, shared in her devotions, and they furnished 
each other with mutual consolation." 

The revolution that put an end to the reign of terror, and 
hurled Robespierre and his satellites from their seats of pow- 
er, on the memorable 27th of July, 1794, has been noticed 
in a former chapter. By this important event, the numer- 
ous victims of his power, then confined in the prisons of 
France, were set at liberty, and the blood of the guillotine 
in a great measure ceased to flow ; but such was the bitter- 
ness against Madame La Fayette, and her innocent daugh- 
ters, that they could not obtain their release, until several 
months had elapsed, notwitstanding the exertions of her nu- 
merous friends. Nineteen long and tedious months had now 
rolled over her head, since her confinement commenced, 
before she was permitted to enjoy her liberty, and mingle 
again with the world ; during which, her health and spirits 
were greatly impaired and depressed ; but when she found 
herself once more at liberty to enjoy the society of her 
friends, her firmness and great strength of mind, added to 
her distinguished moral virtues, raised her above her mis- 
fortunes, and enable her to recover that interesting and ami- 
able vivacity, for which she was so distinguished. But her 
sufferings had so far impaired her health, that her friends 
and physicians pressed her to remain in the country for a few 
months, until her improving state of health should be estab- 
lished. This kind advise was as kindly received by Mad- 
ame La Fayette ; but new cares and new scenes awaited 
her. Her heart had ever been at Olmutz, since she learnt 



154 i\yEM01RS OF 

that her husband was there ; but her own safety, and that ot 
her young daughters had divided her cares and anxieties, 
while she remained in prison ; now that she found herself at • 
liberty again, she resolved to throw herself at the feet of the 
Emperor of Austria, and obtain the release of her husband, 
or bury herself with him in the prison of Olmutz. Firm to 
her purpose, against the advice, the prayers and entreaties 
of her few family friends that remained, Madame La Fay- 
ette, with her two young daughters, the eldest of whom, 
Anastasia, was sixteen, and the youngest, Virginia, thirteen 
years of age, commenced her journey for Strasburg. To 
conceal her purposes and her character from the knowledge 
of the world, as well as to gain access to the Emperor of Aus- 
tria, her Imsbandh chief jailer^ she obtained an American 
passport from the Minister, resident at Paris, under the name 
of Madame Mottie, which was one of the christian names of 
her husband. To provide funds for such a journey, she was 
constrained to sell her jewels ; and to conceal her depar- 
ture from her friends and the world, she directed her porter 
in Paris, to announce to her numerous visitors, *' that Mad- 
ame La Fayette had gone to spend some time in the country." 
By this address she .actually arrived at Strasburg, before her 
departure from Paris was discovered. From Strasburg, 
Madame La Fayette proposed to go directly to Vienna, by 
the way of Lintz and Regensburg ; but learning that the- 
Archduke Charles, at the head of the Austrian army, occu- 
])ied that country, and that a passport from him would be 
absolutely necessary to her safety, she despatched Colonel 
Louis Romoeuf, formerly aid-de-camp lo the Marquis La 
Fayette, with her name (Mottie,) and request to the Prince* 
The Archduke received her messenger with his usual civil- 
ities, and assured him, that he was under the painful neces- 
sity of refusing the request of Madame Mottie, '■^ because his 
hands were tied.^^ 

Madame La Fayette received the denial of the Prince with 
her usual firmness, and immediately recommenced her jour- 
ney for Vienna, by the way of Dresden. When she arrived 
in that city, she found two ladies of distinction, to whom she 
made herself known ; the one was the wealthy Duchess of 
Urselle, an emigrant from Brabant, and the other the Count- 
ess of Windischgratz ; the former a lady of great spi^it^^ 



LA FAYETTE. 156 

and vivacity, with amiable and interesting manners. These 
ladies were strongly attached to the character of the Marquis 
La Fayette, had taken a lively interest in his misfortunes, 
and soon became warmly engaged to promote the best inter- 
est o{ his wife. They introduced her to the Prince of Ros- 
enburg, with many others of their numerous acquaintance, 
who all took a lively interest in her, and sought to promote 
her best interest and happiness. The Prince, the Dutchess 
and Countess, became the intimate associates of Madame La 
Fayette and daughters, at Vienna, and the Prince de Rosen- 
burg procured for her an audience of the Emperor. This 
audience was conducted with so great address, that it was 
concealed from the view of the Ministers and the Court for 
a long time, and was known only to the Prince de Rosen- 
burg, the Dutches of Urselle, the Countess of Windishgratz, 
and a few other particular friends, whom they had initiated 
into the secret. 

Madame La Fayette took her two interesting daughters 
with her, and accompanied by the Prince of Rosenburg, and 
the Duchess de Urselle, presented herself before his Majes- 
ty. This was one of her most trying scenes ; justice, be- 
nev^olence, humanity, happiness and misery, were balanced 
before her, in the suspense of hope and fear. But she sum- 
moned all her courage, and in the majesty of herself spread 
her request before the Emperor. She besought his Majesty, 
in the name of justice and humanity to liberate her husband ; 
assuring him at the same time, that he had committed no 
offence against the dignity of his crown, or of his person ; 
that he had been proscribed by the factions of his own coun- 
try, and had fled into banishment, with a view of seeking an 
asylum amongst his friends in America ; and that by the for- 
tune of war he had now become a prisoner to his Majesty, 
and was immured in the prison of Olmutz. She plead most 
tenderly, feelingly and interestingly, with his Majesty, that 
he would grant her request, and release her husband ; and 
presented the [dear pledges of their love before him, to en- 
force her arguments and intreaties ; at the same time she be- 
sought his Majesty, that should he not see fit to grant her re- 
quest, he would permit her' and her two daughters, to visit 
her husband at Olmutz, and share his imprisonment. 

Madame La Fayette surpassed herself in this most trying 
and interesting scene ; the heart of his Majesty was open to 



166 MEMOIRS OF 



» 



her address ; her eloquence made strong impressions, and 
excited in the Emperor strong emotions of sensibiht}^ as 
well as of embarrassment. He paused for a moment, and 
after the most profound reflection, thus addressed Madame 
La Fayette, in French : " Madame, this affair is complica- 
ted. / have not the power to do what I would wish ; but I 
grant, with much pleasure, what is in my power, by permit- 
ting you to join the Marquis La Fayette, and if 1 were in 
your place, I would act as yon intend to do. Marquis La 
Fayette is well treated ; but the presence of his wife and 
children will be an additional source of gratification to him." 

The Emperor went still further, and authorized Madame 
La Fayette to write to him, upon her arrival at Olmutz, and 
to'direct her address directly to his Imperial Majesty ; and 
graciously assured her of the esteem that he entertained for i 
her, and the desire he had of doing every thing that he was ' 
able, to promote her best interest. During this interview, 
the Emperor eyed attentively the two interesting daughters 
of Madame La Fayette, and when he had closed his address 
to her, he appeared to be strongly impressed with the mag- 
nitude of the subject ; and labouring under the most evi- 
dent embarrassment, he silently withdrew. 

The friends of Madame La Fayette were well acquainted 
with the benevolence of the heart of the Emperor, and they 
as well knew the true character of his Ministers ; they 
therefore prepared her mind for the disappointment she now 
received, by assuring her, that his Majesty would not grant 
her request for the release of her husband. She however, 
received great consolation from the apparent emotions of his 
heart, and the gracious assurances he had been pleased to 
give her ; and under the buoyancy of new hopes, commenc- 
ed her journey directly for Olmutz. When she arrived at 
Brunn, she addressed several letters to her friends, partic- 
ularly the Duchess of Urselle and the Countess of Win- 
dischgratz, expressing her joy and admiration, in her usual- 
ly strong and elegant style. She also expressed the grati- 
tude of her heart, in a letter to the Prince de Rosenburg, for 
his generous and noble attention, at the time when every 
ray of hope and prospect of enjoyment had been banished 
from her mind, and assured him of the happiness she now 
enjoyed, in consideration of the gracious assurances of the 
Emperor. 



LA FAYETTE. 167 

How false and illusory are the smiles of Princes, and how 
strongly are we led to believe, what we strongly wish, 
even to hope against hope ; and how fully were these truths 
verified in the case of Madame La Fayette. When she ar- 
Mved at Olmutz and beheld that castle that held the idol of 
her heart, within its dreary walls, all her delusive enjoy- 
ments and prospects, vanished ; and when she entered the 
dungeon of the prison, and was ushered into the presence 
of her husband, how shocking was the reality, how appaling 
the sight — here let us pause. — Her two daughters — yes, her 
tlaughters witnessed and partook of the scene. 

We need not renew the description of the sufferings of 
La Fayette, they are already before us. — But the contrast. 
yes ; Madame La Fayette and her two daughters felt thf 
awful contrast^ between the reality, and the so recent assur- 
;inces of the Emperor, the Marquis La Fayette is well treated. 



CHAPTER ZVZ. 

CAUSES THAT OPERATED IN FRANCE TO PREVENT THE LIBER 

ATION OF LA FAYETTE, MAUBOURG . AND PUZY DETAIL OF 

THE SUFFERINGS OF THE PPaSONERS AT OLMUTZ, CONTIN- 
UED. 

In our Memoirs we have accompanied the two friends of 
La Fayette, Latour Maubourg and Bureau de Puzy, to the 
prison of Olmutz, with their beloved General. We will 
now take a view of their families, and the distractions oi 
France. 

Madame de Latour Maubourg and Madame Bureau de 
Puzy had been imprisoned, together with Madame La Fay- 
ette, in Paris, where they remained through the reign of teV 
ror, to the fallofRobespiere, when they regained their free- 
dom, and attempted, but in vain, to follow their husbands to 
the prison of Olmutz. They were not permitted to enter 
the dominions of Austria, and were therefore constrained to 
continue at or near Paris. Madame La Fayette, by her inno- 
cent stratagem, accomplished her purpose, as was noticed 
in the last chapter. 

14 



158 ^lEMOIRS OF 

Notwithstanding the reign of terror had been overthrowi 
in France, and the tyrants had been hurled from their seats 
the government was still revolutionary, and continued to ex 
hibit an extraordinary picture of the mad extravagance of th 
human passions. These were wonderfully displayed in th 
rapid progress of political events that followed each othe 
in quick succession. Amongst the more prominent may b 
named, the alliance with Spain, the disguised intrigues c 
England, to prolong, under the mask of negociating a peace 
the arrogant and discordant government of France, the bol 
indiscretions of the royalists, the bloody revolutions ad 
proscriptions that followed each other, and the distracte 
state of the nation at large ; all which will fully shew wh 
the cries of the three unhappy prisoners at Olmutz wer 
heard in silence. Other causes there were that had their ir 
fluence in stifling their cries, and checking the exertions of tU 
government for their rehef. The Jacobins, that proscribe 
General La Fayette, and compelled him to quit his army ani 
his country, dreaded his popularity, integrity, courage, am 
beneficient principles, and when they felt themselves secui 
from the influence of his power and bis virtues, they ovei^ 
whelmed him with obloquy and reproach, without giving hii^ 
or his Inends qn opportunity to clear up his character, by s\^e^r< 
ing the fallacy and absurdity of their views and measures, j 

The mass of the French people unquestionably had eve 
been in the interest of La Fayette ; but there was nota leac 
er among them who dared to raise his voice m favour of 
man, once the idol of the nation, for his patriotism and viii 
tue ; but now a proscribed outcast and fugitive, immured i 
a dungeon. This was not the fate of La Fayette alone ; b 
far the greater part of Ihe first authors of the Frenc 
Revolution, such as the notables, the members of the cor 
stituent assembly, the nobility, and the officers of the arm; 
had either gone into voluntary exile, had died, or perished c 
the scaffold under the axe of the guillotine. The army alor 
afforded protection to honest men in France, and of cours 
there was not virtue enough in the government to render e: 
sential service to La Fayette, or his unfortunate companion: 

Carnot and Barthelemy were the only real friends of poli 
ical order and genuine liberty, to be found among the Direc 
tors, and these wejre either expelled, persecuted, or arrested 
the remainder were blindly led by a set of artful entriguer; 



LA FAYETTE. 169 

[ such as Barras, Uewbel, and La Reveillere Lepaux ; and 
their whole administration was an incongruous mixture of 
tyranny, imbecility, solemn pretension, and barefaced cor- 
ruption. Who can wonder then that there was neither en- 
ergy nor virtue to be found in such a government, to listen 

' to the cries of the sufferers at Olmutz, or to stretch forth 
the arm of relief. Perhaps all the reasons for their silence 
have not yet been assigned ; may they not have feared the 
liberation of the Marquis La Fayette, and his return to 
France ? was he not the friend of order and the rights of 
the people ? could he not have effected an entire change in 
the Directory, who had now lost the confidence of all honest 
men. Had he not still in France thousands of friends who 
would have recognized his virtues as soon as he returned, and 
have ralHed round the champion of the constitution of 1791. 
In short, could not La Fayette have subverted the govern- 
ment of the I.'irector}^ and have given to his country a more 
rational system ; did not the Directory know all this, and was 
it not of itself a sufficient reason why they were deaf to the 
cries of the sufferers of Olmutz ? 

It is true, that the friends of General La Fayette did fre- 
quently press the Directory to use their power and influence 
to effect the liberation of General La Fayette and his fellow 
prisoners ; but they were always answered, that the affairs of 
the government, of the armies, and of the nation, were too 
pressing to admit their present attention to the subject, how- 
ever urgent in itself. These cold refusals soon excited mm- 
mers in France, and these murmers at last reached the ears 
of the Directory, at an audience granted by the President 
Barras to Madame de Puzy ; and in which she received the 
most positive assurances " that some attempt should be made 
in favour of the prisoners." These assurances led the 
friends of the unfortunate sufferers to cherish the pleasing 
hope that their husbands and friends would ere long be restor- 
ed to their country, and their embraces. 

Towards the close of the year 1796, " the Directory issu- 
ed orders to their Generals, Bonaparte and Moreau, to seize 
the first favourable opportunity to claim the three prisoners, 
at Olmutz, at the hands of the Austrian Emperor." 

Thus far the Directory were faithful to their promises. 
We will now turn our attention to the situation of the other 
officers that followed General La Fayette into exile. We 



160 BfEMOIRS OJ 

have formerly remarked, that twenty three officers attendcrl 
the General from camp, under the view of reconnoitering the 
posts of the enemy ; but when he disclosed to them his situ- 
ation and the decision he had adopted, Victor Latour Mau- 
bourg, Bureau de Puzy, Alexander Lameth, Auguste Masson, 
Rene Pillet and Charles Cadignan, insisted upon sharing his 
misfortunes, fled into exile, were taken and delivered into the 
hands of the Prussians, and were confined at Wesel. The 
three first followed their General to Magdeburg, where La- 
meth remained sick, and the other two followed him to 
Olmutz, where they now remain. The three last were con- 
ducted from Wesel to Namur, where they were confined in 
chains, for a time, but were finally stripped of their watches, 
money, horses, and everything of any value about them, and 
then set at liberty. The government of France had treated 
them with more severity than the Prussians, for the for- 
mer ordered their names to be entered upon the list of emi- 
grants, their property confiscated, and their families impris- 
oned. Thus reduced to penury and want, and in a foreign 
land, they were constrained to rely upon their own pei^onal 
exertions to procure a support. Under all these privations 
and sufferings they were true to themselves and to their 
country, and refused to join the standard of the emigrants 
under the Prince of Conde. Such were the characters 
who composed the staff of General La Fayette, and gloried 
in sharing his fortunes. 

We will return now to Olmutz, where we left Madame L;i 
f a3'ette and her two young daughters, incarcerated in th«^ 
castle with her husband, and endeavour to learn the particu- 
lars of their subsequent sufferings. 

Early in the year 1796, several characters of the first re- 
spectability at Hamburg determined to despatch some faith- 
ful messenger to Olmutz, to enquire into the situation of the 
viufferers, and if possible, contribute to their relief or com- 
fort. They finally selected General Holstein, a particular 
friend of General La Fayette. As soon as he had consented 
to undertake the mission to Olmutz, Mr. Archenholtz, one 
of the association atj Hamburg, purchased a German bible, 
had it elegantly bound, and caused a letter, addressed to Mr. 
Gilbert (La Fayette), to be concealed within the cover, con- 



LA FAYETTE. i^i 

vexing to him the tidings of their tiesigns.* They furnished 
him with important dispatches, money, bills of exchange, and 
letters of credit, to the amount of two hundred thousand flor- 
ins of Austria. He assumed the character of a Swedish 
merchant, and the fictitious name of Peter Feldmann ; and 
having obtained a passport from the Swedish Minister, he set 
out from Hamburg, in March 1796. Travelling in the style 
of a Swedish nobleman, he arrived safe at Olgiutz, delivered 
his letters to Hirsch, the banker, and others, and soon learnt 
" that the prisoners were all in tolerable health, and would be 
delighted to hear of his arrival, particularly Madame La 
Fayette, who was in very low spirits, in consequence of not 
having heard from her son George, for some time past, who 



* He then inclosed Ihe bible in a paper, then in a pasteboard, and 
finally in a tarpaulin cover, and addressed it to Mr. Hirsch, banker 
at Olmulz. He then delivered this package to the driver of a dili- 
gence, who was going to Hanover, with orders to deliver the same 
to the next driver, and so on in succession, until it should arrive at Ol- 
mutz, its place of destination. When the package arrived at Peters- 
wald upon the frontiers of Bohemia, it was announced to the agent of 
the police by the bearer (driver of the diligence) that it contained a 
bible, he immediately intercepted it, and delivered it over to the Pres- 
ident of police at Prague for condemnation, under the authority of the 
following decree of the Emperor. 

" In order that seditious and philosophical opinions may not enter 
our empire, to trouble and annoy our faithful subjects; in order that 
the infamous Jacobinism, and murderous and execrable doctrines pro- 
mulgated by the assassins of the King of France rhay not find their way 
into our peaceful dominions, we decree," &c. 

The President caui?ed the package to be immediately opened, and 
examined, and an apparent elevation upon one of the covers, caused a 
suspicion that led to the discovery of the letter addressed to Mr. 
Gilbert (La Fayette), which stated '•'' that a French ojfieer, a friend of 
the prisoners^ was about to come and render them a vtry great service.'''' 
The package being addressed to Mr. Hirsch, the President sent the 
same, with the letter, directly to the President of the police at 01- 
mutz, in order that Hir-ch might be closely watched. The President* 
who was the intimate friend of Hirsch, opened the whole affair to him, 
•which excited his violent resentment. He charged the President of 
Prague with unworthy suspicions, 'and motives and accused bim 
boldly, of a conspiracy against his lienor, with a design to ruin him^ 
and threatened to complain personally to his Majesty. The spirit 
shewn by Hirsch satisfied the President, and the affair passed over ; 
but when the stranger arrived direct from Hamburg, six weeka after, 
the suspicions of the President revived, aad he watched the parties 
with a jealous eye."— jHb/«<«n. 

14* 



162 3ft:M0IRS OF 

was then in America, nor of any of her friends who were 
abroad." He then deUvered the following note, to be con- 
veyed by the surgeon to General La Fayette the next morning. 

" An old and true friend of your family, my dear General^ 
is just arrived Avithin the walls of Olmutz. He is impatient 
to hear from yoa, and will contrive to put into your hand.s 
letters from many of your dearest friends, who, as well a.« 
your son George, are in perfect health. Preserve your 
courage, and depend in all cases, as long as he lives, upou 
vo'ir warm and faithful friend 

P. FELDMANN." 

The surgeon, faithful to his trust, delivered the note to; 
Madame La Fayette the next morning, because she was not 
so closely watched as her husband. 

The joy and astonishment occasioned by this letter can 
never be imagined, much more described. They devoured 
its contents again and again ; but who this faithful friend, 
this P. Feldmann could be, was utterly out of their power to 
conjecture. 

Madame La Fayette endeavoured, by signs to the surgeon, 
to obtain some description ot the Feldmann, whether he was 
old or young, tall or short, stout or slender, with such oth- 
er enquiries as circumstances would permit, in order to 
guess, if possible, who this friend could be ; but the surgeon 
was as ignorant as the}'^ were, having as yet not seen him. 

General La Fayette, as soon as the visit was closed, direct- 
ed his faithful servant, Felix Pontonnier, to wind his flute, 
and give notice to Maubourg and Puzy, that good tidings had 
arrived by the hands of an unknown friend.* 

Early the next morning, Feldmann, by the assistance ofhi- 
servant, collected his packages from his carriage, where 
they had been secreted within the lining, and secured them 
safely in his own chamber, at his quarters. The same day 
he dined with Hirsch, by special invitation, in company with 
several strangers, to whom he was introduced, as his old and 
particular friend Baron de F^eldmann. Kreutschke, the sur- 
geon, arrived soon after his visit to the prison was closed. 



Felix had recentlf^been permitted to vieit his master. 



LA FAYETTE. 163 

and brought Madam La Fayette's reply to the note he ha(i 
deUvered to her. Hirsch dehvered the same to Feldmann as 
soon as a convenient opportunity offered, and at the sami^ 
time told him about Madame La Fayette's curious enquiries. 
Feldmann retired as soon as possible, broke the seal, and read 
as follows : 

'* Whoever you may be, my dear generous Mr. Feldmann, 
who, in defiance of all dangers have reached our miserable 
prison, accept 1 intreat you, our warmest and sincerest ac- 
knowledgements for all you have done. As Marquis de Ln. 
Fayette has been obliged to give his word that he will not 
write to any one out of the prison, he regrets exceedingly 
that he is thus deprived of the pleasure of expressing him- 
self, the sensations tlie receipt of your letter created, and 
has charged me, on the part of himself and his daughters, to 
assure 3^ou of our gratitude and never failing attachment. 
NOAILLES LA FAYETTE.'' 

Feldm.ann, as soon as he thought he could conceal the 
emotions which such a note, from a character possessing the 
high and exalted virtues of the then suffering Madam La Fay- 
ette, returned to Hirsch, and told him, " that it was abso- 
lutely necessary that the surgeon should devise some pretext 
for siieing the prisoners again in the course of the day, ad- 
ding, that he might ofier him a purse of one hundred ducats, 
as a reward for his zeal and tidelity, and as a proof of his ac- 
knowledgement for his former attention. 

The surgeon accepted the offer, and agreed to visit the 
prisoners again at noon, when the jailer should go in to de- 
liver them their food, and told Hirsch, that the message must 
then be ready. Feldmann then returned to his lodgings, 
divided his packages into three parcels, and prepared the 
first at the time set by the surgeon, and contidentially in- 
closed his true name. 

At the hour appointed, Hirsch called upon Feldmann and 
received the package, carefully folded and sealed ; but with- 
out superscription. This package also contained a long let- 
ter from Feldmann to Madame La Fayette, announcing his 
intention of rescuing her husband, unless forbidden by the 
danger of destroying herself and children ; it being impossi- 
ble to remove them all. He assured her, that no perils 
should deter him from his purpose, if they approved it ; but 



1G4 MEMOIRS OF 

added, that a reasonable time should be devoted to cool afid 
deliberate consideration. He then disclosed the mode pro- 
posed to conduct the correspondence, &c. In this packe 
he inclosed several sheets of fine paper, with pens, pencil?, 
&c. and added a square of chocolate, to be delivered by the 
surgeon to Madame La Fayette, with assurances, that the 
same should be repeated every day. 

At the sight of this packet, Hirsch expressed great sur- 
prise, at first, but was soon persuaded to unite his exertions 
with those of the surgeon to effect its delivery ; with the 
conditions however, that the one hundred ducats should not 
be paid, until Madame La Fayette should have acknowledged 
the receipt of it, with all its contents. Kreutschke, the sur- 
geon, took the package, and about two o'clock repaired to the 
house of the jailer, whose wife was then preparing the food, 
and told him, that he had a desire to examine the diet of the 
prisoners personally, particularly that of Madame La Fay- 
ette ; and in order to ascertain whether her appetite had re- 
turned, he would visit her with him, when he should go in 
to carry her food. The surgeon was a man of such pleas- 
antry and good humour, that he was generally esteemed, and 
well received by the soldiers, as well as by the inhabitants ; 
therefore the officer of the guard expressed no surprise at ■ 
this second visit of the doctor, for he assigned his reasons 
with an air of seriousness and good humour. He invited the 
officer to dine with him the next day, adding, that as he should 
make no account of this visit, it would be unnecessary for 
him to make a note of it. Thus gold unlocks the prison 
doors. 

The surgeon did not attempt to pass the packages to Gen- 
eral La Fayette, because he was too closely watched by the 
guard ; he therefore felt of the pulse of Madame La Fayette, 
and then throwing his eyes around their cell, in all directions, 
expressed some concern, on account of the moisture that 
freely oozed through the walls of their dungeon. He thea 
opened the door that led into the daughters' apartment, as if 
to examine that also ; he entered the room, and when con- 
cealed from the view of all but Madame La Fayette, who 
carefully watched his motions, he slipped the package under 
the straw bed, and returning into the General's apartment, 
coolly s£ud, the yoaog ladies' room is not quite so moist as 
this." 



LA FAYETTE. 165 

Madame La Fayeite was strongly agitated, between hope 
and fear, and changed colour, butKrentschke, by an expres- 
sive look, soon composed her. The jailer and the surgeon 
soon withdrew, and left the prisoners to their own enjoyments, 
Hirsch called on Feldmann in the course of the evening, and 
related the whole affair, as above ; adding, the doctor will 
certainly bring you a letter from Madame La Fayeite to-mor- 
row. 

The next day the surgeon delivered to Hirsch for Feld- 
mann the expected letter from Madame La Fayette, in which 
she kmdly acknowledged the receipt of the packet, and ad- 
ded, *' that after a family consultation upon his proposition 
to attempt the liberation of the General, (in which they thank- 
ed him v;armly for all he had done, or wished to do ; but at 
the same time said,) they preferred to remain in the prison, 
and wait tranquilly the result, rather than to endanger, for 
the welfare of one member, the happiness of the whole fam- 
ily ; that the General had strongly opposed the proposition, 
because, said he, when Messrs. Bollman and Huger made, 
the attempt to liberate me, I was alone, of course no one was 
exposed on my account, but now my escape must necessa- 
rily involve the safety of Madame Ln Fayette., and our two 
daughters." 

Feldmann felt the force of the argument, and while he 
silently applauded the decision of the General, concluded U* 
abandon all further thoughts of the plan. 

Madame La Fayette in another letter to Feldmann, soon af- 
ter, inclosed an introduction to Professor Passy, whom she re- 
quested him to visit, as a friend worthy of particular esteem and 
notice. He accordmgly delivered the introduction, and con- 
tinued to repeat his visits frequently, while he staid at 01- 
mutz. Passy treated his new friend very courteously, but 
carefully avoided calling on him in the evening, lest it should 
excite some suspicion. 

At the request of Feldmann, Mr. Hirsch took him into his 
carriage, to give him an airing ; on their way, they visited 
the spot where General La Fayette mounted behind Ball- 
man, the barn where he was arrested, and from thence to 
Braunseiffen, where he introduced him to Richter, the May- 
or, who was a wealthy manufacturer in this little borough, 
and occupied the very house where La Fayette was delir 
ercd again to the jailers of Olmutz. Mr. Hirsch was God 



166 MEMOIRS OF 

father and an intimate friend of Mr. Richter, and introduced 
Feldmann as a rich Swedish merchant, who visited Austria 
and Silesia for the purpose of purchasing large quantities of 
linens and other manufactures of the country, which were 
intended to be forwarded to Stockholm, by the way of Ham- 
burg." 

At dinner, was present, agreeable to invitation by the re- 
quest of Hirsch, the farmer, who had two years before arrest- 
ed La Fayette and Bollman, in capacity of sergeant of the 
guard, at the barn. The subject was introduced at table, 
and as it was soon understood by the conversation of Hirsch, 
that Feldmann was friendly to the General, the Mayor and 
the farmer conversed freely, and related many anecdotes of 
General La Fayette, that were interesting and entertaining. 
The Mayor detained his guests two days, and then they re- 
turned to Olmutz. 



CKAFTSR XVXI. 

rilE FRENCH REVOLUTION CONTINUED MOVEMENTS OF THI^ 

ARMIES PEACE WITH AUSTRIA RELEASE OF THE THREt. 

PRISONERS AT OLMUTZ, BY THE PEACE OF CAMPO FORMIO. 

The operations of the armies of France have been omit- 
ted for a separate detail, that they might not interrupt a full 
view of the distresses of the interior, and that the operations 
and general occurrencies might be more distinctly marked. 
The movements under Generals Dumouner andLa Fayette, 
have been noticed in part. The origin of the Jacobin club 
has been noticed, the power it assumed, its abuse of that 
power, and the bloody persecutions that followed, to the fall 
ot Robespierre, the last tyrant of the Jacobin faction. 

Under this government. General Dumourier carried the 
arms of France into the heart of Austrian Flanders, and sub- 
dued Belgium, watched and controlled by commissioners 
irom the Jacobin club. These sowed the seeds of French 
philosophy and French liberty, by establishing revolutiona- 
ry clubs in every city they entered ; and the Belgians, by 
their numerous addresses to the French government, offered 



LA FAYETTE. 167 

Uieir congratulations upon the success of their arms, and 
prayed to be incorporated with the French Repubhc. But 
the low state of the finances of France, led General Dumour- 
ier to levy contributions upon the conquered provinces, 
which excited some uneasiness ; he next, by order of the 
commissioners, seized on the plate of the churches, to raise 
funds for the support of his army, which so excited the in- 
dignation of the Belgians, that they resented the outrage, rose 
in arms, joined the Prussians, and drove the French out of 
Belgium. Dumourier, as well as La Fayette, became alarm- 
ed for the fate of the King, and attempted a compromise : 
but failed, and were driven into banishment by the violence 
of the Jacobins. 

General Pichegru, who succeeded Dumourier in the com- 
mand, in 1794, with these examples before him, healed the 
breach with the Belgians, by his popularity ; secured the 
conquest of the low countries, and penetrated into Holland ; 
but the Dutch made a stand, by inundating their country. 
The frosts in January, 1795, became so severe, that the 
French were able to cross the ice, and enter Amsterdam. 
The Stadtholder and bank were removed to England before 
the fall of the city ; and the other provinces of Holland were 
soon overrun by the French, and the Batavian Republic was 
organized in March, 1795. 

The French government were so jealous of their Gener- 
als, lest a Caesar or a General Monk should appear among 
them, and overthrow their power, that they watched them 
close, by their Jacobin commissioners. The success of 
Pichegru rendered him a victim of Jacobin jealousy, and he 
was succeeded by General Moreau. 

The campaign of 1795, opened a new field of military 
operations inHhe revolution. The French government now 
contemplated the conquest of Germany and Italy ; and to 
effect their object, they directed General Pichegru, at the 
head of one army, to penetrate into Germany, upon the 
Rhine and Moselle ; General Jourdan, to lead a second upon 
the Meuse ; and General Bonaparte, to lead a third into Italy, 
icross the Alps. 

In December of this year, a new constitution was framed, 
adopted and organized ; and the national government consisted 
of a council of ancients, a council of five hundred, and an 



168 ]\rEMOIRS OF 

executive of five, called the Directory. Under this new 
government, the military operations of 1795, commenced. 

The successes of this campaign on the side of Italy, unde 
the command of General Bonaparte, render it necessary tha 
some particular notice be taken of the origin of this youm 
hero. 

Napoleon Bonaparte, Commander-in-Chief of the army o^ 
Italy, was born on the island of Corsica, in the year 1769 ; h< 
was educated partly in France and partly at the militar^^ 
school, at Padua ; he entered the French service as a milita 
ry adventurer, and passed without much notice, until thci 
memorable 10th of August, 1792, when he so distinguishec 
himself by his miiitar)^ talents, that the Directory appointee 
him to the command of the army of Italy. Being interro 
gated by some of his friends with the question, " are you no 
too young to take the command of so distant an expedition V 
he replied, " I shall be older when I come back." 

At this time, the minister Irom the interior took Charlotte 
Antoinette, daughter of Louis XVI. from her confinement in 
the temple, and conducted her to his own hotel ; supplier 
her with every thing necessary for her journey, and sent her 
with suitable attendance, to her friends in Vienna. Whei 
she arrived at Bassle, she refused to carry further the splen 
did apparel, with which she had been furnished by the Frencl 
ministers, adding, that she forgave the French people for al 
the sufferings they had occasioned her, and was very wel 
pleased to have escaped their fury ; but could not consen 
to be indebted to their bounty. 

Every possible effort was now made to increase the ardoi 
and military zeal, which the revolution had kindled ; to thi; 
end, the Directory ordered the noted Marseilles hymn, Ca Ira 
and other republican airs, to be performed every night, at al 
places of public resort and amusement. 

On the 21st, at Paris, was celebrated the anniversary o 
the last King of the French. This was the first anniversary 
since the death of Louis XVI. The Directory, with th< 
other public functionaries, moved in a grand procession t< 
the Champ de Mars, where they took the oath of fidelity U 
the Republic, and hatred to royalty. 

The spirit of the French revolution had now extender 
into England, and called up the attentionof that nation to thi 
passing events of the day. A general meeting of the com 



LA FAYETTE. 169 

mittee of the Whig club, (so called,) was held at the Shakes- 
peare tavern ; the Right Honourable Charles Fox was called 
to the chair. The attention of the meeting was called to the 
sedition bill, (so called,) and the bill for the more effectual 
preservation of his Majesty, and a spirited declaration was 
adopted, and ordered to be printed. 

On the 1st of February, their Majesties were grossly in- 
r^ulted by an assemblage of ruffians, as they passed from Drury- 
lane theatre to Buckingham house : one of the mob wound- 
ed one of his Majesty's servants with a stone, as he stood 
behind the carriage ; a second broke the window of the 
carriage with a stone, which lodged in the lap of one of the 
ladies in waiting, who sat, at that time, in the carriage. 
These proceedings gave just alarm to the king, the court, 
and the nation, but the military kept the peace, and a gener- 
al fast was observed, by appointment, throughout England. 
About the same time, General Charette, Commander-in-Chief 
of the insurrection in La Vendee, was taken and shot. The 
German papers also announced the arrival of Charlotte An- 
toinette, daughter of Louis XVL at Vienna, where she was 
cordially received, and presented in due form to their Majes- 
ties. The princess is said to have made a brilliant appear- 
ance. 

The campaign of Italy now claims some attention. The 
first movements of General Bonaparte, at the head of the ar- 
my of Italy, was to cross the pyrenees, and dictate a peace to 
the King of Spain. He next returned into France, crossed 
the Alps, and appeared upon the plains of Italy. He met 
the Austrian army of Lombardy at Montenotte, commanded 
by General Bolieu, and gained a very signal victory, on the 
14th of April. At Millessimo he gained a second victory 
over the Austrians and Piedmontese ; and at Mondovi he 
gained a third. 

In his despatches to the Directory, he announced, that he 
had gained three successive victories, and that he had taken 
twenty-one stands of colours. 

On the 24th of May, General Bonaparte approached the 
city of Milan, and addressed to the astronomer, Oriani, and 
the municipalities of Milan and Pavia, the following note': 
'* The sciences which do honour to the human mind ; the 
arts which embellish life, and transmit illustrious actions to 
posterity, should be peculiarly respected, in all free govern- 
15 



170 MEMOIRS OF 

ments. All men of genius ; all those that have obtained a 
distinguished rank in the republic of letters, are Frenchmen, 
whatever may be the country in which they were born. 
The states of Milan did not enjoy the consideration to which 
they were entitled. Inclosed in the recesses of their labo- 
ratories, they esteemed themselves happy, if the kings and 
priests were kind enough to do them no harm ; at this day it 
is not so. Opinions are free in Italy. Inquisitions, intoler- 
ance, and despots, are no more. 1 invite the learned to as- 
semble, and to propose to me their views, their names, or 
the assistance they may want, to give new life and existence 
to the sciences, and the fine arts. All those who are desir- 
ous of going to France, shall be received with distinction by 
the government. The people of France set a greater value 
upon the acquisition of a learned mathematician, a painter of 
reputation, or any distinguished man, whatever may be his 
profession, than in the possession of the richest and most 
abundant city. Be you then citizens, the organs of these 
sentiments, to all persons in the Milanese, destinguished for 
their learning." 

On the 31st of May, the keys of the city of Milan were 
presented to General Bonaparte, and a deputation of the 
council general, with the Archbishop at their head, accom- 
panied by the noblesse, in their splendid carriages, went forth 
to meet him, and conduct him into the city. He was preced- 
ed by a large detachment of infantry, accompanied by his 
guard of Hussars, followed by carriages, and the Milanese 
national guard. When he arrived at the Roman gate, the 
national guard lowered their arms before him. He then 
continued his order of march to the Archducal palace, des- 
tined for his quarters. The music of the national guards, 
and of the French troops, played marches and symphonies, 
alternately. A dinner of two hundred covers was elegantly 
served in the palace ; the tree of liberty was planted in the 
square, and the multitude assembled upon the occasion, 
shouted Vive la Liberty^ Vive la Republic ; a splendid ball 
closed the scene in the evening, and the Italian ladies com- 
plimented ♦he French officers, by dressing in the national 
colours of France. 

On the 1 tth of May, General Bonaparte gained the me- 
morable action, at the bridge of Lodi, eighteen miles south- 
east of Milan, in the following manner, viz. General Wurm- 



LA PAYETTE. 171 

ser had taken post with his whole force, behind the Adda, 
and planted a strong park of artillery at the bridge, deter- 
mined to make a firm stand against the French army. At 
sight of the enemy, General Bonaparte ordered the charge, 
and the troops advanced in columns to the attack ; but the 
destructive fire of grape shot, caused the French to halt, 
and shew some disorder ; General Bonaparte seeing the 
critical moment, instantly advanced, seized a standard, and 
exclaimed, " follow your general ;" the bridge, and whole 
park of artillery were taken, the Austrians broken, and a 
decisive victory was gained. 

On the 4th of June, General Bonaparte entered Verona, 
and on the 19th, he took possession of Loretto and Ancona, 
cities of the Church. On the 28th, General Bonaparte an 
nounced to the Directory, that an armistice had been con- 
cluded upon between the French troops, and the King of 
Naples. 

July 6th, General Bonaparte announced to the Directory 
by letter, "that he had gained a most brilhant victory at 
Castiglione, after an action of five days, successively ; and 
that the Austrians, under General Wurmser, had lost in this 
action, 6000 killed and wounded, 15,000 taken prisoners, 
and seventy field pieces, with all his caissons, &c. At the 
close of the action, a singular adventure took place, that will 
serve to shew the adroitness of General Bonaparte. The 
General repaired, with 1200 of his guards, to the village of 
Lonado, to reconnoitre the enemy ; when a body of 4,000 
Austrians, which had been severed from the main army in the 
action, appeared before Lonado, and .summoned the place ; 
General Bonaparte ordered the messengers into his pres- 
ence, and thus accosted them : " Go tell your General that 
the Commander in Chief of the army of Italy is here, with 
his brave troops, and that if his whole division do not lay 
down their arms in eight minutes, he, with all his general 
officers, shall be answerable for the insult, and be sacrificed 
without mercy." The whole division of 4,000 surrender- 
ed immediately. 

At this time, his Holiness, the Pope, alarmed for the safe- 
ty of the ecclesiastical states, published an edict, prohibiting 
all malediction against Frenchmen. 

After the action of Castiglione, General Wurmser fell back 
under cover of Mantua, and secured his retreat by that strong 



i1t >J^MOIRS OF 

fortress, the key of Austrian Italy on the side of Tyrol, 
which prevented General Bonaparte from penetrating to 
Vienna. A division of the French army of Italy, under 
General Berthier, invested Mantua, and summoned the city ; 
but the commanding officer returned the following reply : 

" July 17th.— The laws of honour and duty compel me to 
defend, to the last extremity, the place entrusted to my com- 
mand. I have the honour to be, with perfect esteem and 
consideration, Sir, 

LE COMPTE CANTO DE IRSEES." 

On the 28th of July, a division of the French army of 
Italy, entered Leghorn, and seized property to the amount 
of 8, 000,000 livres. 

On the 3d of August, General Bonapai-te defeated again, 
the Austrians, under Marshal Wurmser, near Mantua. On 
the 14th, General Bonaparte announced by letter, to the ex- 
ecutive Directory, that he had defeated the Austrians at 
Corrona, Montebaldo, and Proabolo, and pursued them ta 
Roveredo, on the 15th ; from whence they retreated to 
Trent. On the 17th of September, General Bonaparte 
again defeated the Austrians, at Cavela ; he then despatched 
his aid-de-camp, General Marmont, to Paris, who was pre- 
sented to the Directory by the Minister of War, with the 
following address : 

" Posterity will scarcely believe the evidence of histor}'? 
that in one campaign, all Italy has been conquered ; that 
three armies have been successively destroj^ed ; that upwards 
of fifty stands of colours have been taken, and remain in the 
hands of the conquerors ; that 40,000 Austrians have laid 
down their arms ; in fine, that 30,000 Frenchmen have per- 
formed all these prodigies, under a young warrior, twenty- 
five years old." 

We will leave General Bonaparte to invest Mantua, and 
take a view of the armies of the Rhine, &c. 

On the 23d of June, General Moreau crossed the bridge 
at Strasburg, and took the strong fortress of Kehl ; and on the 
28th, he gained the victory of Renchen ; took 1200 prison- 
ers and ten pieces ot cannon. On the 17th of July, Gener 
al Moreau defeated Prince Charles, near Ettengen, and on 
the I8th, the French army entered that city : and the same 



LA FAYETTE. 173 

<lay, Gensral Moreau announced, that a suspension of arms 
had been agreed upon with the Duke of Wirtenaburg. On 
the 22d of the same month, General Jourdan entered Frank- 
fort, on the Rhine, and levied a contribution of 6,000,0(X> 
livres in cash, and 2,000,000 in articles of supply for his 
army. 

General Moreau pushed his victories across the river Nee- 
kar, and concluded an armistice with the Margrave of Ba- 
den. The circle of Suabia soon followed ; but General Mo- 
reau received a severe check by Prince John, of Lichten- 
stein, near Kircheim. General Moreau attacked the Austri- 
ans at Neresham, and carried the place, with the capture of 
450 prisoners. 

These numerous successes alarmed his Imperial Majesty, 
and he issued the following proclamation, addressed to his 
faithful subjects, &;c. 

" Behold the still smoking ruins of Italy, and the most in- 
human excesses committed there ! Behold the devastation 
which the once flourishing territories of GernMiny have suf- 
fered, inundated by the armies of the enemy : and you can- 
not remain dubious about the terrible fate which threatens 
every country and every nation, on being mvaded by such 
terrible enemies." 

On the 12th of September, a terrible action was fought 
between the armies of General Jourdan and Prince Charles, 
that continued seventeen hours ; both armies suspended the 
conflict upon the field, through excessive fatigue. The next 
day. General Moreau took possession of Nordlingen, and 
General Jourdan drove Prinee Charles from Donawert, at 
the same time, and compelled him to cross the Danube. On 
the 17th, General Jourdan took possession of Newmark and 
Castel, and the Austrians were driven behind the river Nab. 

The Emperor of Germany again became alarmed, and 
issued a proclamation, calhng on Bohemia to organize a bodj 
of militia for the defence of the state. 

On the 22d, General VVirtensleben joined Prince Charles 
with a strong force, and the Prince attacked and defeat- 
ed General Jourdan, and drove him from the Nab, with the 
loss of 7000 men. 

The Elector of Bavaria made overtures of peace to Gen- 
eral Moreau, on the 25th ; and the same day, General Moreau 
15* 



174 MEMOIRS OF 

gained another victory over the imperialists, near the Lescli^ 
Augsburg and Munich were the trophies of this victory. 

At this time, a treaty of alUance ofl'ensive and defensive,, 
was conchided between the French Repubhc and Spain ; 
and a treaty of peace was concluded between the French, 
and the Elector of Baden. 

Prince Charles pursued his successes, and drove General 
Jourdan from Amberg, Forechum, Bamberg, and Schwein- 
fert, and be re-crossed the river May ne. Prince Charles 
again defeated Jourdan, and he retreated to Hamellberg, with 
the loss of 4000 men. At the same time. General Morean 
gained a complete victory over the Austrians,upon the river 
Iser ; but when General Moreau found that Jourdan, in his 
retreat, had been overpowered, and that he, when left alone, 
was greatly exposed to the attacks of the enemy, whenever 
they might be able to unite their forces, commenced a sea- 
sonable retreat. When he entered Suabia, he found him- 
self so hard pressed by the pursuing foe, that he made a stand, 
and commenced a successful attack, and defeated General 
La Tour : the Austrians lost about 5000 men, and twenty 
pieces of cannon. 

On the 21st of October, Spain declared war against Great 
Britain. On the 22d of October, Lord Malmsbury, Minister 
Plenipotentiary from the court of St. James, arrived in Paris, 
to negotiate a peace • but the Directory were not cordial to 
the measure, and on the 20th of December they demanded 
his ultimatum. His Lordship gave in his ultimatum, and 
the Directory ordered him to leave Paris in forty-eight 
hours. 

On the 21st of January, 1797, the French Repubhc again 
celebrated the anniversary of the execution of Louis XVI. 

General Bonaparte invaded the dominions of the Pope 
with such success, as to threaten Rome ; and his Holiness the 
Pope submissively sued for peace, which was granted. The 
General then turned his arms successfully against the rein- 
forcements of the Austrians, sent to the relief of Mantua ; but 
Generals Jourdan and Moreau continued to retire before 
Prince Charles, and re-entered France at the bridge of Stras- 
burg, leaving a strong garrison in the fortress of Kehl. Prince 
Charles carried Kehl by storm after a siege of forty days, in 
order to march to the relief of Mantua ; but that city had fal- 
len into the hands of General Bonaparte about the same time 



LA FAYETTE, 175 

Prince Charles garrisoned Kehl,and drew off his army into 
the Tyrol, to co-operate ag;ainst the army of Italy. General 
Bonaparte advanced into the Tyrol- to meet him, a seven^ 
action was fought, and General Bonaparte was victorious : 
and Prince Charles retreated with precipitation into the 
heart of Austria. The Emperor took the alarm, and sued 
for peace ; a truce of six days was granted by General 
Bonaparte, a conference was opened, the preliminaries? 
were drawn, and the peace of Campo Formio guaran- 
teed to France all her conquests in Italy. This treaty 
stipulated with the Emperor of Germany for the release of 
the Marquis La Fayette, and his fellow prisoners, from the 
prison of Olmutz. 

A general sketch of the successes of the war, then publish- 
ed in Paris, announced as follows : " that from the 8th of 
February, 1793, to the 19th of February, 1797, France had 
gained 261 victories, including 31 pitched battles ; killed 
152,000 of the enemy ; taken 197,784 prisoners, 288 strong- 
places, 319 forts, camps or redoubts, 7,965 cannon, 187,762 
guns, 4,319,150 pounds of powder, 207 standards, 5,480 
horses, &,c." 

Lord Malmsbury was sent by the British court, on the 
30th of June, to Lisle, to negotiate a peace ; but he returnet? 
on the 1st of September without being able to eifect his pur- 
pose. 

At this time, the republic of Genoa was united to France, 
under the name of the Ligurian republic. 

General Bonaparte now returned to France, November 
24th, 1 797, after having accomplished, in one campaign, more 
than all the Kings of France, since the days of Charlemagne, 
had been able to accomplish, notwithstanding the vast amount 
of blood and treasure that had, from time to time, been ex- 
pended by Louis XL, Charles VIII., Louis XII., Francis I., 
Charles IX., Henry IV., and Louis XIV., and XV-, through 
their whole lives. 

The young hero was not only *' older when he came back j'"" 
but illustrious in arms ; and the trump of fame had proclaimed 
the successes of this ever memorable campaign, to France, 
to Europe, and to the world. 



i-e MEMOIRS OF 



CHAPTER XVIII. 

LIBERATION OF THE PRISONERS FROM OLMUTZ. THEIR REST 

DENCE AT HOLSTEIN, AND RETURN TO FRANCE. 

We have seen in the last chapter, that the sufferers at 
Olmutz owed their release entirely to the successes of the 
army of Italy, and the esteem and regard of General Bona- 
parte. It is true, the Directory had signified to Generals 
Bonaparte and Moreau, that the release of the prisoners at 
Olmutz should be required, whenever an opportunity might 
offer ; but such was the reluctance of the Austrian govern- 
ment to release them, that General Bonaparte, with the 
advice of Major General Berthier, was constrained to make 
their release a sine qua non, before he could effect it, as may 
be seen by the following narrative : 

'' Conformably to the previous stipulations at Leoben, the 
victorious French troops entirely evacuated the Austrian 
territory in Tyrol, Carinthia, &c. Bonaparte went further 
still, and desirous of evincing his confidence in the Austrian 
Emperor, he delivered into the power of the officers of the 
Grand Duke of Tuscany, the city and fortifications of Leg- 
horn. But he repeated daily his inquiries of the Austrian 
commissioners, Cobentzel, Mervelt, Degelmann, and the cel- 
ebrated Marquis de Gallo, Neapolitan ambassador at Vienna, 
in whom the Emperor had the fullest confidence, '* whether 
the prisoners at Olmutz were free or not ?*'^and when the 
commissioners hesitatingly replied, that they believed they 
were, but that they were not certain, he angrily dissolved the 
session, saying, ** gentlemen, you may take my word, that if 
these prisoners are not instantly set free, I sign no treaty of 
peace with his Imperial Majesty." 

" This firmness on the part of the young and victorious 
French General, threw the commissioners into great embar- 
rassment ; and courier after courier was despatched to Vi- 
enna, to hasten the liberation of the Olmutz prisoners. The 
Baron de Thugut, and the Count de Saurau, enraged at the 
thoughts of losing their prey, made every attempt to delay 
their enlargement under various pretexts ; and as the feeble 
Francis II. had no will of his own, these two ministers would 



LA FAYETTE, 177 

lave undoubtedly triumphed, unless General Bonaparte had 
ent Colonel Louis Romoeuff, one of the former aids-de-camp 
f General La Fayette, to Vienna, to demand from the Em- 
)eror explicitly the immediate liberation of the prisoners, 
vith an accompanying threat, that unless they were freed in 
me month from the date of the demand, he would march 
vith his whole army to the capital, and throw open their 
prison himself." 

I shall not attempt to paint the feelings of the sufferers at 
Olmutz, when the tidings of their liberation were arnounced 
to them, nor the affecting scenes they passed through at 
Iheir first interyiew with their friends, particularly of their 
fellow prisoners, La Fayette, Maubourg, Puzy, Madame L;> 
Fayette and her daughters ; such a scene can never be de- 
scribed by the pen or the pencil. The term of five years 
had now closed upon the confinement of the three first, and 
that of twenty-two months upon the confinement of the three 
last. The severity of this confinement need not be describ- 
ed here ; it has already been fully shewn. 

Previous to the liberation of the Marquis La Fayette, the 
Emperor sent his Minister, the Marquis de Chasteler, to pro- 
pose to him certain conditions, for his acceptance, by which 
he hoped to controul his future conduct, after his liberation. 
The nature of this negotiation may be lull}'^ understood by the 
following reply of the Marquis La Fayette : 

*' The commission, with the execution of which Lieuten- 
ant General the Marquis de Chasteler has been charged, 
seems to me to resolve itself into the consideration of three 
points : 1st. His Imperial I\Iajesty requires an authenticated 
statement of our exact situation. I am not disposed at pre- 
sent to complain of my grievances. Several representa- 
tions, however, on this subject, may be found in the letters 
of my wife, transmitted or sent back by the Austrian gov- 
ernment ; and if his Majesty is not satisfied with the perusal 
of the instructions sent, in his name, from Vienna, I will 
cheerfully communicate to M. de Chasteler all the informa- 
tion he can possibly desire." 

"2d. His Majesty the Emperor and King, is desirous of 
obtaining an assurance, that upon my liberation, I^hall imme- 
diately leave Europe for America. This has been often my 
ilesire and my intention ; but as my consent, at this moment. 



i78 ])1EM0IRS OF 



to his Majesty's request, would constitute an acknowledge- 
ment of his right to impose such a condition, 1 do not feel 
disposed to comply with this demand. 

"3d. His Majesty, the Emperor and King, has graciously 
done me the honour to signify, that inasmuch as the princi 
pies I profess are incompatible with the safety of the Austri 
an government, he cannot consent to allow me to enter his 
territories again, without his special permission. To this, I 
have only to reply, that there already exist antecedent obli- C 
gations of which I cannot possibly divest myself, partly^'i. 
towards America, but mostly towards France ; and I cannot! 
engage to do any thing which might interfere with the rights 
of my country to my personal services. With these excep- 
tions, I can assure the Marquis de Chasteler, that my invari- 
able resolution is, not to set my foot upon any territory under 
the dominion of his majesty the King of Bohemia and Hun- 
gary." 

To close the negotiation. La Fayette and his two friends, 
Maubourg and Puzy, signed the following engagement : 

" The undersigned engages towards his Majesty the Empe- 
ror and King, not to enter, at any time whatever, his hered- 
itary provinces, without first having obtained his special per- 
mission ; it being always understood that the rights of the 
undersigned's country over his person are explicitly reserv- j 
ed and retained." 

These preliminaries being settled, General La Fayette, 
Madame La Fayette, with their two daughters, and two friends, 
Maubourg and Puzy, in company with General Holstein, set 
off for Hamburg, where they arrived soon after, and found 
lodgings prepared for them by their friends Archenholtz, 
Sieveking, and others ; and the next day Mons. Reinhardt, the 
French Minister, gave the Marquis and family, and friends, 
an excellent dinner ; and they honoured the occasion by 
mounting the tri-coloured cockade, in testimony of their not 
having joined the emigrants ; but of their being true patriots. 
The next day a number of distinguished American gentle- 
men, at Hamburg, gave a splendid dinner to the liberated 
sufferers, and their friends, on board of an elegant American 
ship, then at anchor at that port. These scenes of festivity 
and social enjoyment served to dispel the gloom that had so 



LA FAYETTE, iTt* 

ng hung over their minds, and to cheer their hearts for new 
ijoyments. To crown the happiness of the hberated suf- 
rers, George Washington La Fayette arrifed from Amer- 
a and joined his family. This unexpected event opened 
scene which revived all their sufferings, all their distresses, 
id when they recounted their afflictions, and mingled their 
ys, imagination alone can paint the feelings of their hearts, 
• describe their emotions. 

Soon after the arrival of their son, the Marquis and Mad- 
ne La Fayette and daughters, accepted the invitation of a 
anovarian Baron, and retired with him to his Chatteau of 
shmkuhlen, near Eutin, in Holstein, to spend some time. 
I this Chatteau, Malle. Anastasia, eldest daughter of the 
arquis, was married to M. ChajLes de Latour Marbourg, 
other of the late prisoner and sufferer at Olmutz. This 
teresting event renewed the scenes of hilarity and social 
joyment, and gave a new zest to the courteous hospitality 
their friend. 

General La Fayette, about this time, received a legacy of 
4,000, bequeathed to him by his two sisters, which was 
w transmitted to him by a gentleman in London. 
When they had closed this visit at the Chatteau of Lehm- 
hlen, General La Fayette and lady, and two daughters, 
th their son-in-law, retired to the Chatteau of Wettmoldt, 
elegant retreat, which had been purchased by the Count 
Tesse, (a distant relation of Madame La Fayette, upon 
B mother* side,) soon after he emigrated. The General 
d family enjoyed themselves highly at Wettmoldt, in the 
2iety of their aged uncle, who was a nobleman of the old 
lool, and grand cordon of the order of St. Esprit. They 
aid not accord in sentiments upon the subject of politics, 
1 although their disputes were sometimes warm, they 
re always in good humour, and always parted friends. 
At this pleasant retreat the Marquis amused himself with 
cal cares ; studied the agriculture of the country, and 
irnt of ^e peasants of Holstem the art of raising cattle 
} sheep, which became very useful to him when he re- 
ned to France, and retired to La Grange. 
General Latour Maubourg retired with his family from 
hmkuhlen to the village of Plon, three miles only from 
ettmoldt, where in philosophical retirement he enjoyed, in 



180 MEMOIRS OF 

common with his beloved General, the courteous esteem ai 
regard of the nobility of Holstein. 

General Bureau de Puzy retired to Altona, where he w 
joined by the mother of Madame de Puzy, and her husbai 
M. Dupont de Nemours, and they all embarked togeth 
for New York, in America, where they were received with [ 
that attention, and courteous hospitality so justly due to tl 
friend and fellow sufferer of General La Fayette. As a pa 
ticular mark of respect due to his talents, he was invited 
superintend the public works, then erecting by the nation 
government for the defence of the city of New York ; W 
he declined the invitation until he had obtained the approb! 
tion of the French government. When the fact was maci 
known to the first Con^ (Bonaparte), he recalled him 
France immediately, ana appointed him to the command 
the Legion of honor, and Prefect of several department! 
particularly of Genoa, where he died on the 2d of Febri 
ary, 1800, sincerely lamented by his friends, and all wl 
knew him. 

General La Fayette and family, and General Latour Man 
bourg and family, retired from their happy retreats in a shci 
time, by the way of Holland, to France. 



rHE FRENCH REVOLUTION CONTINUED ADVENTURES I 

GENERAL BONAPARTE, &LC. 

As soon as the hero of Italy returned triumphant in 
France, the Directory began to assemble and equip the To 
Ion fleet, for a secret expedition. On the 9th of Apr* 
1798, General Bonaparte, who had been appointed to 
command, left Paris, and repaired to Toulon. On the 19t 
he set sail with his armament, consisting of 17 ships of t 
line, having onboard 15,000 land forces, destined for forei, 
service. The English supposed this armament to be desti 
edfor Ireland, and Lord Nelson was stationed off the Strai 
of Gibraltar to watch their motions accordingly. 

As soon as his Lordship had knowledge of the sailing 



LA FAYETTE. 181 

Jie Toulon fleet, and that it was bound up the Mediterrane- 
, he commenced his pursuit, and at Malta learnt that the 
French in their passage had captured that Island. Lord Nel- 
son next touched upon the coast of Egypt, and examined the 
bay of Aboukir, in quest of the French, but not finding 
them, he sailed for the coast of Syria, but the French were 
not there ; and he returned again to Egypt, and discovered 
the French fleet anchored in the bay of Alboukir, in the 
form of a crescent, close under the batteries, at the distance 
of one cable's length from each other, with the admiral's 
ship, the Le Orient, in the centre. 

Lord Nelson had missed of the French, at sea, by sailing 
to the coast of Syria, and thus given them an opportunity to 
anchor in the bay of Aboukir, and land General Bonaparte 
with his army. His Lordship commenced an immediate at- 
tack, by running the one half of his fleet between the French 
and the land, and the other half without their line, so as to 
inclose the one half of the French fleet between two fires. 
The van-ship of the English fleet grounded, in passing with- 
in the French line ; but the others commenced a terrible ac- 
tion, and betore the one-half of the French that were not en- 
gaged, could slip their cables and come into action, the other 
half were taken or distroyed, and the Le Orient took fire and 
blew up with a terrible explosion ; the remainder were all 
taken in the bay, except two, which were afterwards taken 
at sea. General Bonaparte, with his army, were upon the 
heights of Alexandria witnessing the scene. He then ad- 
vanced to Grand Cairo, received the submission of the Beys 
of Egypt, and settled the government. He then established 
a protecting force at Cairo, and marched into Syria, to con- 
quer the land of Palestine, and plant his eagles upon the walls 
of Jerusalem ; but he was met at Acre by the squadron of Sir 
Sidney Smith, who repulsed the French from their attack, 
upon Acre, with so great loss, that General Bonaparte was 
constrained to abandon the enterprise, and return into Egypt. 
At Cairo, he gave a grand fete in honor of the conquest of 
Syria ; then appointed General Kleber as his successor in 
the command of the army of Egypt, with sealed orders ; 
embarked on board a frigate, and set sail for France, August 
24th, 1799. On the 18th of October, he arrived at Paris, 
put himself at the head of a small military force ; dissolved 
the sitting of the government ; caused a new copstitution to 
36 



182 MEMOIRS OF 



#11 



be framed and adopted, with an executive of three consul; 
General Bonaparte was elected First Consul. 

Immediately upon this revolution in the government, Ger 
eral La Fayette returned with his family into France. 

During the absence of General Bonaparte abroad, nei 
scenes had been opened, and new and distressing events ha 
occurred. A new coalition had been formed in Decembei 
1798, between England, Russia, and Austria, against France!, 
and the Russian General, Old Fi.eld-Mareschal Suwarrow 
had taken the command of the Austro-Russian army, and ha^ 
re-conquered Italy. General Suwarrow himself had beet 
beaten in Switzerland by the French General Massena. an« 
retired in disgust to Russia, where he was disgraced ; but the 
Austrians were then pushing the seige of Genoa. The Firs 
Consul assembled an army of reserve at Dijon, in France^ 
crossed the Alps, for the relief of Genoa, met the Austrian 
General on the plains of Marengo, gained a signal victory! 
and recovered Italy ; June 4th, 1799. On the 10th, he seti 
tied an armistice for Italy, established the Cisalpine Republic 
and returned to his capital. 

An attempt upon the life of the Consul was made with the 
mfernal machine, so called, as he passed to the opera, with 
an intent to destroy him by an explosion of gun powder ; but 
the machine exploded just after he had passed, and he es- 
caped unhurt. 

The French pushed their conquests in Italy, and upon the 
Danube, with such success, that the Emperor of Austria sued 
for peace, which caused the convention of Luneville, be- 
tween Austria and France; January 28th, 1801. On the - 
3d of February, the definitive treaty was signed. 

At the same time, the English, under the command of Lord 
Keith, commenced the conquest of Egypt, which was accom- 
plished in one campaign, and the French army, by capitula- 
tion, were taken and sent back to France. 

On the 1st of October, 1801, the preliminaries of a Gen- 
eral peace were signed at London, and the storm of war was 
once more hushed in Europe. 



LA FAYETTE, 183 



XX. 



ENERAL LA FAYETTE UNDER THE CONSULAR GOVERNMENT — 
GENERAL OCCURRfeNCES. 

In the last chapter the return of General La Fayette to 
'aris was noticed. He began to have some confidence in the 
ew consular government, and hailed the prospects of sound- 
r politics. He respected the First Consul, who as the young 
ero of Italy, had relieved him from the prison of Olmutz, 
nd was ever ready to express the gratitude he felt for the 
lessing he enjoyed. The Consul had saved France, and he 
aw the necessity of securing the best talents of the nation 
1 his interest, in order to render permanent the new govern- 
lent. He invited General La Fayette to a conference, at 
iie palace of the Thuilleries, and received him alone in his 
abinet ; and under the mask of the frankest confidence, at- 
empted to sound him upon the subject of politics, and the 
ireseut state of things in France ; but La Fayette conversed 
nth great caution, which shewed a want of confidence in the 
•resent order of things. The First Consul, whose peculiar 
alent it was to see through the hearts of men, saw in this 
Dterview what he had to expect from General La Fayette, 
nd felt a coldness seize his heart, which he ever after re- 
ained. He however cautiously concealed this, and retained 
^a Fayette as a General of division, and pressed him to the 
cceptance of the office of Senator ; but La Fayette declined, 
'ven against the solicitations of his friends ; and in a note to 
he minister at war, assigned the following reasons : 

" Associated, from their commencement, with the institu- 
ions which have triumphed in Europe ; united in heart with 
he Generals of the Republic, I have never ceased to be their 
'.ompanion ; and I cannot pretend to aspire, after so many 
'ictories which they have achieved, to become their sue* 
:essful competitor." 

Here was a display of the noble sentiments of General La 
Payette. Although he once possessed a fortune of 200,000 
Tancs a year, which, by his misfortunes in the revolution, 
ivas now reduced to less than 10,000 ; and although he had 
lieiore him the unsoHcited offer of one office as Senator, with 



m jyiEMOlRS OF 



#^ 



i 



36,000 francs a year ; and another, as Count of the Empire 
worth 18,000 more, yet true to himself and his principles, h 
nobly declined both. The true reasons he had not yet full;' 
assigned ; but when the First Consul consulted General L 
Fayette upon the subject of his appointment as Consul fo 
life, he then, with the true frankness of himself, thus die 
closed his sentiments to the Consul : 

, *' General," said La Fayette, " before venturing upon sue 
a step, France and her best subjects expect from you a guar 
anty of their liberties. As soon as they are satisfied upo 
this point, they will comply with your wishes unasked." 

When General La Fayette was called upon for his vott 
he delivered the following ; 

" I cannot vote for such a magistracy, until the liberties o 
the people are secured ; in that case I vote for Napoleon 
Bonaparte." 

General La Fayette, at the same time, addressd to th«i 
First Consul the following note : 

*' General — When a man who is deeplj'^ impressed witl; 
a sense of the gratitude he owes you, and who is too ardent ; 
lover of glory to be wholly indifferent to yours, connects hi: 
sufi'rage with conditional restrictions, those restrictions no 
only secure him from suspicion, but amply prove, that no on« 
will more gladly than himself, behold in you the chief magis- 
trate for life, for a free and independent republic. 

" The 18th of Brumair saved France from destruction ; anc 
I felt myself reassured and recalled by the liberal declara 
tion, to which you have connected the sanction of your hon 
or. In your Consular authority, there was afterwards dis 
cerned that salutary dictatorial prerogative, which under tht 
auspices of a genius like yours, accomplished such glorious^ 
purposes ; yet less glorious, let me add, than the restoration 
of liberty would prove. 

" It is not possible, General, that you, the first amidst that 
order of mankind, which surveys every age and every 
country, before the stations of its members, in the scale, can 
he determined, that you can desire that a revolution, marked 
by a series of stupendous victories and unheard of sufferings, 
shall give nothing -io the world, but a renovated system ol 



LA FAYETTE. 16§ 

irbitrary government. The people of this country have 
)een acquainted with their rights too long to forget them for- 
•jiver ; and perhaps they may recover and enjoy them better 
lOWj than during the period of revolutionary effervescence, 
\nd you, by the strength of your character, and the influ- 
Bnce of public confidence ; by the superiority of your tal- 
ents, your powers, your fortunes, in re-establishing the lib- 
forties of France, can allay all agitations, and subdue all dan- 
r^ers. 

" When I wish then to see the career of 3'our glory 
:rowned by the honours of perpetual magistracy, 1 but act 
in correspondence with my own private sentiments, and am 
nfluenced, exclusively, by patriotic considerations. But all 
ny political and moral obligations, the principles that have 
ajoverned every action of my life, call on me to pause, before 
I bestow on you my suffrage ; until I feel assured that your 
mthority shall be erected on a basis that shall be worthy of 
the nation and yourself. 

' I confidently trust. General, that you will recognize 
here, as you have done on all other occasions, a steady ad- 
herence to my political opinions, combined with the sincer- 
est prayers for your welfare, and ^he deepest sense of my 
obligations towards you." 

Here is a display of the unvarying character of the Mar- 
quis La Fayette. The sentiments contained in this letter, 
glowed in his breast before he embarked for America, in 1 777, 
and neither the struggles of two revolutions, the horrors of a 
five years imprisonment, nor the overwhelming power and 
popularity of the First Consul, could for a moment change 
or suppress them. Although by the latter he jeoparded 
all his future prospects of favour from the Consul ; yet he 
was true to himself, and to that nation, whose interest he 
cherished more faithfully than his own. The Consul re- 
turned no answer to this letter ; but his coldness shewed the 
feelings of his heart, and La Fayette retired to his Chatteau 
La Grange, 30 miles from Paris, where he devoted himself 
to the pursuits of agriculture. 
16* 



lae ayiMOiRS of 



CKAFTER KX.X. 

FRENCH RLVOLUTION CONTINUED OPERATIONS OF THE AK 

MIES WAR WITH SPAIN WITH AUSTRIA PEACE WITH 

AUSTRIA. 

The peace of Europe continued to June 7th, 1803, whert 
England declared war against France. General Bonaparte 
had been elected Consul for ten years ; then soon after for 
ten years more, after the first ten should have expired, and 
afterwards had been elected Consul for life, by a subscrip- 
tive vote of more than three millions of citizens, and his pop- 
ularity had excited general apprehension in Europe, partic- 
ularly in England, who had now become alarmed at the hos-; 
tile movements upon the French coast. 

The Consul announced to the nation, that England had 
tieclared war, and he made great preparations to repel hen 
aggressions, and if possible, carry the war into her own do- 
minions. 

The English, previous to the declaration of war against 
France, had evacuated Egypt on the 16th of May, and called I 
home their fleet and troops for the defence of their own isl- 
and. The Consul sent a strong militarj^ force into Germany,, 
and seized on the Electorate of Hanover, the hereditary do- 
minions of George 1 II. King of England, June 1 8<^3. At the 
same time he made great preparations upon the French coast 
for the invasion of England. The spirits of the French peo- 
ple were highly excited, and delendaest Carthago (Carthage 
is about to be destroj^ed), became the order of the day ; 
boats, gallies, and small crai\, were collected from the ports 
of France and Holland, and assembled at Boulogne ; soldiers 
were daily trained in the exercise of embarking and disem- 
barking, which spread a general alarm throughout England. 
Jealousy, distrust and apprehension, generally prevailed hi 
the British nation ; parties ran high m the cabinet ; the goT- 
ernment and the people were alive to their common safety, 
and the military kept the peace. 

Austria took the alarm, and joined in a new confederacy 
with England against France, to give a check to the more* 
fnenls of the First Consul j and assembled a strong army »t 



V LA FAYETTE. 187 

Ulm, in the kingdom of Wurtemburg, upon the Danube, un- 
der the command of General Mac. 

The Consul caused Generals Pichegru and Moreau, to be 
arrested and imprisoned in Paris ; the former died in his con- 
linement, and the latter was banished, and tied to the United 
States, where he remained until 1813, 

A new revolution took place in P'rance, May 5th ; the con- 
;=ular government was abohshed, and an imperial government 
established ; and the First Consul was vested with the im- 
perial dignity, and crowned by the Pope, August 11th, 1804. 
The Emperor continued his movements upon the coast against 
England, and the threatened invasion became daily mere 
popular in France, and more alarming in England. 

This year the Emperor Alexander of Russia, (who had 
succeeded to the throne upon the death of his lather Paul,) 
and had joined the coalition against France, made great move- 
ments to co-operate with Austria in the war. The Emperor 
Napoleon, who had watched these movementswith a jealous 
eye, now put himself at the head of the army of England, 
(so called,) and by a sudden movement crossed the bridge at 
Strasburg, and advanced to Ulm, October, 1805. General 
Mac was struck with astonishment at the rapidity of the move- 
ment, and abandoned the city without resistance, and retired 
down the Danube. The Emperor Napoleon pursued, and 
by forced marches penetrated to Vienna, took it the 14th of 
November ; left a garrison to protect the city, and filed off 
his army into Moravia, to meet the Emperor Alexander. 
The two young Emperors now, for the first time, became 
competitors in the field. The two armies were encamped 
in sight of each other for several days, preparing for the 
combat, when the Emperor Napoleon made a hasty retro- 
gade movement, which led the Emperor Alexander to suspect 
that his enemy was about to make his escape. He accord- 
ingly put in naotion his army, to pursue, and at the same time 
detached one division to gain the rear of the Emperor Napo- 
leon, to check his movements. Napoleon saw the result ; 
he had out-gen«raled Alexander, and exclaimed, ** they will 
all be given into my hands before night." He ordered ^ 
charge to be made upon the detached division, as it was about 
to turn bi« flank ; the onset was violent ; they were over- 
thrown with great slaughter ; put to the sword, or driven at 
the point gf the bayonet, into a neighbouring lake. A gen» 



188 IVIEMOIRS OF 

eral charge was then ordered upon the main body of the 
Russian army ; the conflict was short, the carnage great, and 
the victory decisive ; December 2d, 1805. The two Empe- 
rors drew off their armies, and settled a peace. The Empe- 
ror Napoleon settled a peace with the Emperor of Austria, 
and returned into France, and re-commenced his operations 
against England. 

The rapid and unobstructed movements of Napoleon, from 
Strasburg to Ulm, were the first fruits of the confederation 
of the Rhine, Avhich commenced as early as 1796. 

The Emperor Napoleon assumed the government of Hol- 
land, by changing their constitution, and placing at their 
head a tool of his own, under the title of Grand Pensionary. 

England, at this time, issued letters of marque against Spain . 
to prosecute the war of 1804. 

On the 1st of May, 1805, the Emperor Napoleon was 
crowned King of Italy, and the Franks again beheld upon 
the throne of Charlemagne, an Emperor of the west, whose 
head had been honored with the iron crown of the Romans. 
The spirit of the nation kept pace with the rapid strides of 
the government ; but the conscription began to gall, and the 
conscripts began to be sent to the armies chained in pairs. 
The sullen voice of murmur began to dampen the spirit of 
patriotism and the voice of applause. 

During the time of these great movements, the combined 
fleets of France and Spain lay secure in the port of Cadiz ; 
but for the want ot supplies they were constrained to change 
their position, and they put to sea, in order to gain the port 
of Toulon. Lord Nelson, with his blockading fleet, pursued : 
the combined fleet was soon overtaken off the cape of Tra- 
falgar, moving m the form of a crescent, under an easy sail. 

Lord Nelson, at sight of the enemy, made signal to bear 
down in two divisions, break through the line, and commence 
the attack. The signal was obeyed, the attack commenced, 
and the thunders of the Nile and of Copenhagen, were re- 
newed in the battle of Trafalgar ; Lord Nelson was victori- 
ous, and the combined fleet was generally taken, sunk, or 
destroyed, and the few that remained escaped to Toulon. 
But Nelson the great, the pride and ornament of Old England, 
crowned with his death the victory of Trafalgar ; October 
21st, l'805. 
The year, 1866, opened with a new coalition befvveer 



LA FAYETTE. i89 

England, Russia, and Prussia, to protect the latter against the 
encroachments of France. But the Emperor Napoleon was 
prepared, and opened the campaign with the battle of Jena, 
(a strong town in Lower Saxony,) in which he gained a sig- 
nal victory. The King of Prussia retired into the heart of 
his dominions ; the Emperor Napoleon pursued, and took 
up his winter quarters at Eylau. The Prussian King, hoping 
to take advantage of the French amidst the frost and snow of 
Prussia, attempted to surprise the Emperor Napoleon in his 
camp at Eylau ; accordingly, at dead of night, in the severity 
of winter, the King led on his troops and commenced the at- 
tack ; a sharp conflict ensued, and both parties claimed the 
victory, but the French held their quarters at Eylau. 

When the spring opened, the Emperor Napoleon re-com- 
menced his operations, and Dantzic and Konigsburg became 
the trophies of his victories ; the Prussians retired behind 
the river Pregel, where they were joined by the army of Rus- 
sia. The Emperor Napoleon advanced, the two armJes met 
at Friedland, another desperate conflict ensued ; Napoleon 
was again victorious, and the allies sued for peace. The 
Emperor Napoleon dictated the peace of Tilsit, which set» 
tied the fate of Prussia, and guaranteed the peace of Germa- 
ny, June 26, 1806. The Emperor Alexander became the 
friend of the Emperor Napoleon, returned with his army 
into Russia, and on the 27th of July, he declared war against 
England. 

The Emperor Napoleon passed his Berlin decree, which 
mterdicted all English commerce with the continent. This^ 
opened a general blockade of the continental ports, by the 
English ships of war, from Riga to Bayonne, and involved 
the neutral powers in sharp collisions with the billigerents, 
led to the general embargo in America, which commenced 
in December, 1807, and lasted seven years, and resulted in 
a war with England, in 1812, which was closed in 1815. 

All further coalition against France, now being closed, 
the Emperor Napoleon led back his victorious army into 
France, recommenced his operations against England ; re- 
paired to his palace, and found himself at liberty to turn his 
attention to the peninsula. 

The Emperor Napoleon now felt himself secure upon his 
throne, and aspired to the dominion of the world. He nc* 



190 MEMOIRS OF 

gociated a treaty with Spain, at Fontainbleau, by which he 
engaged to co-operate with her in the conquest and parti- 
tion of Portugal ; with some assurances, that he would aid in 
the recovery of Gibraltar. Charles IV. than an old man, 
lilled the throne of Spain, and his son Ferdinand VII. was 
heir apparent to the crown of his father. The Emperor 
Napoleon moved a strong military force down to Bayonne ; 
passed his Bayonne decree, in support of his Berlin decree, 
and commenced an intrigue with Charles IV. and F'erdinand 
VII. until he drew them both into his camp, and secured 
them as prisoners, in France. He next sent General iVIurat, 
Grand Duke of Berg, to Madrid, with a strong force, to take 
possession of the kingdom. Charles IV. and Ferdinand VII. 
made a formal surrendry of the kingdom of Spain to the 
Emperor Napoleon, who conferred it upon his brother 
Joseph. 

The Spaniards at Madrid resented this outrage upon the 
sovereignty of Spain, and massacred about 5000 of the 
French, at Madrid. The French, in tbeir turn, butchered 
about as many Spaniards. The Junta of Spain assembled 
at Seville, and declared war against France ; the Enghsh 
fleet at Cadiz gave support to the measure, and protected 
the southern coast. 

The Emperor Napoleon gave a constitution to Spain, and 
placed his brother Joseph upon the throne, and supported 
him in person, with the victorious army of Germany. He 
then carried the war into Portugal, and the south of Spain. 
The army of Portugal penetrated to Lisbon ; but the Eng~ 
lish protected the city with a strong naval armament. The 
army of the south drove the Junta from Seville, and invest- 
ed them in Cadiz. 

At this time, the French in Italy entered Rome, subvert- 
ed the government of the Pope, and seized on his ecclesias- 
tical estates. The Emperor Napoleon erected the Repub- 
lic of Holland into a kingdom, and placed his brother Louis 
upon the throne. 

Sir Arthur VVellesley, at the head of a British army, gain- 
ed the action of Vimeria, over the French in Portugal, and 
they evacuated the country, by a convention, October 1st- 
1808. 

Under this order of things in Europe, the Emperor Na- 
poleon invited the Emperor Alexander to a conference at 



LA FAYETTE. 191 

fclrfurth, (a strong town in Lower Saxony, in Germany, then 
n the hands of the French,) which he accepted ; and the 
:wo Emperors passed a week together, with great etiquette, 
\n(\ parted with mutual assurances of friendship. 

The Emperor Napoleon, upon his return to France, ad- 
Iressed a letter to the Emperor Alexander, styling him Ejn- 
oeror of the East. The Emperor Alexander returned the 
:ompliment, and styled him Emperor of the West. 

The two Emperors made a joint overture to England, for 
oeace ; but it was rejected, and the English sent a strong 
brce into Spain, to support the patriots. 

The Emperor Alexander commenced a war with the 
furks ; and the English entered into a negociation with the 
jrand Seignior, to protect the Turks. 

The English assembled a strong army at Salamanca, in 
pain, December, 1808. 

The Emperor Napoleon again entered Spain at the head 
f a strong force, to protect King Joseph, and by a succes- 
sion of victories, compelled the English to embark at Cor- 
mna, and killed their General, Sir John Moor. Napoleon 
returned to Paris. 

The rapid progress of the French arms in Prussia and 
iJpain, again alarmed Austria, and the Emperor entered into 
mother coalition with England, against France. Prince 
CJharles was vested with the chief command, and took the 
ield at Ulm, at the head of a numerous and well appointed 
Austrian army. 

The tidings of this new coalition reached the Emperor 
NFapoleon, when upon the coast, superintending the army of 
England, so called. He repaired immediately to Paris, drew 
m immense loan from the bank, protected it against all im- 
proper runs, with a military force ; again put himself at the 
lead of the army of England, crossed the bridge at Stras- 
burg, and by forced marches, appeared before Ulm. 

The successive victories of Puffenhoffen, Tam, Abens- 
3urg, Landshut, and Echmul. on the 20th, 21st, 22d and 23d 
)f April, 1809, announced to Prince Charles the approach 
Df the conqueror. The two armies met at Ratisbon, a terri- 
ble action followed ; Prince Charles was beaten, and retired 
upon the left bank of the Danube ; the Emperor Napoleon 
pursued upon the right bank ; and by forced marches, en- 
ered Vienna on the 20th of May. After a repose of two 



192 MEMOIRS OF 



days, he recommenced his operations, moved down to Lo 
bau, caused a bridge of boats to be thrown across to the islP 
and (Lobau,) and from thence to the opposite bank of tht'^'] 
Danube, and put his army in motion to cross over. 

Prince Charles had fortified the heights of Aspern anc 
Esling, upon the opposite bank, with an immense park o 
artdlery, and awaited his approach. 

When about one half of the army of the Emperor Napole- 
on had gained the opposite bank, Prince Charles caused th( 
bridge of boats to be destroyed, by an immense raft of float4 
ing logs, and commenced a furious attack. 

Napoleon, for the first time, saw himself out-generaledJ 
and to save his army, was compelled to adopt desperate 
measures. He ordered the bridge to be immediately re^^ 
paired , and an assault made upon the Austrian camp : 
Prince Charles was firm ; he renewed the assault^ but againi 
failed ; he then ordered Mareschal Lannes, to charge the cen- 
tre of the Austrian camp, at the head of the French cavalry, 
and carry the whole park of artillery : Mareschal Lannes 
advanced to the charge, in the true character of himself, 
and the shock was terrible ; the assault failed, and Mareschal 
Lannes fell in the action, gloriously. The Emperor Napo- 
leon availed himself of the impression made by the shock, 
drew oif his army, re-crossed the Danube, and again uniting^ 
his army, marched back to Vienna, and took up his quarters 
for one month. 

The tribute of respect paid by the Emperor Napoleon, to 
the memory of Mareschal Lannes, was, to cause his body to 
be conveyed in a coach of state, back to France, covered 
with a black pall, and under a military escort. 

Prince Charles retired down the Danube, and fortified his^ 
camp upon the plains of Wagram. 

The Emperor caused his position to be closely reconnoi- 
tered, and again put his army in motion, crossed the river at| 
Lobau, under cover of a dark rainy night, and by a circuitous 
march through unfrequented by-roads appeared in the morn-i 
ing, in the rear of the Austrians. The Prince was now out-| 
jreneraled, an action commenced, the conflict was terrible ;1 
the Austrians were routed with great carnage, and a remnant' 
of the army fled into Hungary. The Emperor Napoleon ad- 
vanced down the Danube as far as Presburg ; gave the army 
a few days of repose, and returned to Vienna ; settled a 



LA FAYETTE. 193 

>eace with the Emperor ; again dismembered his empire by 
•unning a hne from Switzerland to Hungary, and annexing 
he Tyrol and the country of the Grisons, to the dominions 
)f France, in Italy. 

The Emperor Napoleon led back his victorious army into 
"rauce, and again commenced operations upon the coast, for 
he invasion of England. 

The continental system, (so called,) or general non-inter- 
course with England, commenced with the Berlin decree, in 
1806, and now extended into France, Spain, Italy, Holland, 
jrermany, Austria, Prussia, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, and 
he cities of the Hanseatic league. The Emperor of the 
French, now saw himself upon the throne of Charlemagne, 
IS Emperor of the West, with an extent of dominion, and a 
copulation far greater ; enriched with all the treasures of 
:ommerce, and adorned with all the refinements of the sci- 
ences, and all the elegance and splendour of the arts. A 
hrone unrivalled in the annals of the world. But the am-, 
bition of the Emperor was not yet satisfied. In the full 
:areer of his military honours, under his consulate, he had 
iiarried Josephine, the favourite of the Director Barras, 
who had filled the throne as Empress, with honour to her- 
Iself and husband ; but she remained without issue. Napo- 
jieon now felt the necessity of giving permanence to his 
Liirow^n, by a new alliance ; to effect this, he divorced his 
jwife Josephine, and offered his hand to the Archduchess 
Maria Louisa, of Austria. The overture was accepted, and 
the Emperor despatched the prince of Neufchatel into Aus- 
tria, to celebrate the nuptials, and escort the young Empress 
into France. When they arrived at Paris, the nuptials were 
again most splendidly celebrated. 

The Emperoi caused the war in Spain to be prosecuted 
with vigour, and devoted the season of 1810, to hymeneal 
enjoyments, in visiting his dominions, in company with the 
Empress. 

The Emperor of Russia waged successful war against th^ 
Turks, this season, which so far excited the jealousy of tM 
Emperor Napoleon, that he again began to press him to enter 
into the continental system, against England. But the Em- 
peror Alexander was firm to his purpose, and rejected the 
demands of Napoleon. 

17 



194 JHEMOIRS OF 

The Emperor of France now saw one check to his ambi 
tion before him, and he resolved to remove it at a blow. H 
accordingly entered into a secret alliance with Austria anr 
Prussia, to furnish each an armed force to join him, in hum! 
bling the Emperor Alexander. To carry into effect so vas' ^^ 
an enterprise, it became necessary to bring the war to 
close in Spain : he accordingly sent General Massena witl 
70,000 men, to strike the decisive blow upon Portugal ; bu 
the English again protected Lisbon, with their naval arma *"" 
ment, and Lord Wellington, at the head of the English ano^j 
Portuguese army, finally succeeded in driving the French ou 
of Portugal, November, 1810. The Emperor reinforcec 
General Massena, and he again advanced, and Lord Welling? J 
ton retired back into Lisbon, where he was closely invested 

The Emperor of France could now assemble an army o: 
800,000 men, and the invasion of England became so alarmn 
ing, that her system of finance would have been endangered Jl^f 
had not the free trade of Spanish America been thrown open 
to her at this time ; this supplied her colonies and augmen 
ted her revenue. The nation was alive to their interest 
and safety, and the Minister held the controul of the purse 
and loans to any amount were tilled as soon as called for. 

On the 20th of April, 1811, the Empress of France pre- 
sented the Emperor with a son, who was called Napoleon 
Francis Charles Joseph. 

The Emperor Napoleon now considered the war upon the 
peninsula, as.,being nothing more than a field-day exercise, a 
war of posts, to display the talents of the great captains 
engaged ; and began to put his vast machines in motion, to 
carry the war into Russia. To effect this, the whole Chris- 
tian world was in commotion, and became one vast theatre 
of intrigue. These intrigues of Europe, extended to the 
United States of America, distracted their councils, inflam- 
ed the passions, and not only led them into the continen-J 
tal system of 1807, but actually involved them in the war ofl 
1812. 



LA FAYETTE.. 195 



XXII. 

RENCH REVOLUTION CONTINUED WAR WITH RUSSIA OVER- 
THROW OF THE EMPEROR NAPOLEON RESTORATION OF THE 

BOURBONS TO THE THRONE OF FRANCE. 

That ever memorable year, 1812, opened upon Europe 
nd the world, a succession of scenes and events, that blast- 
;d the ambition, and ruined the high hopes and enjoyments 
tf the Emperor of France. He again pressed the Emperor 
Alexander to adopt the continental system, and demanded 
hat Riga be put into his possession, and garrisoned with 
•"rench troops. Alexander rejected this demand with a 
irmness suited to the dignity of his character. Then the 
Emperor Napoleon called into the field the troops of Aus- 
ria and Prussia, and by requisitions upon all his dominions, 
assembled an army in Prussian Poland, to the number of 
) or 600,000 men. 

The. Emperor of Russia assembled an army of observa- 
ionin Russian Poland, under the command of Prince Bagra- 
tion ; renewed his coalition with England, and sent the Rus- 
sian fleet to London, as a pledge for the general exigencies of 
the war ; and through the mediation of England, concluded 
a peace with the Turks. These preliminaries being settled, 
the armies were soon in motion. 

The Emperor Napoleon took up his head-quarters at 
Warsaw, and advanced to attack the Prince at Wilna ; the 
Pnnce withdrew, and Napoleon pursued. The Prussian 
army, at the same time, entered Russia, by the way of Riga, 
under the command of General Mc Donald, to penetrate, if 
possible, to Petersburg. 

The whole Christian world was now leagued against Rus- 
sia, except England, Sweden, and the peninsula ; Denmark 
Jiad furnished the fine horses of Holstein, to fill the cavalry 
of the French armies ; and even America had declared war 
against England. 

Thus balanced, the Emperor Napoleon continued to ad- 
vance, and the Prince continued to retire, until he arrived 
at Smolensk, where he made a stand. The two armies met, 
and soon became engaged ; a desperate action was fought, 
Napoleon was victorious, and the Prince retired again to- 



ut MEMOIRS OF 



wards Moscow ; but the city of Smolensk was seen, sooti 
after the action, smoking in ruins. 

The Emperor Napoleon announced all his movements, id^"' 
regular bulletins, under the commanding appellation of the"'*^ 
successes of the grand army. ^^^ 

The grand army moved forward from the blood-stained "" 
iields of Smolensk to the hills of Borodino ; here the Prince 
was reinforced, and again made a stand. The Emperor Na- 
poleon beheld from the heights the object of his wishes ; the 
spires of Moscow reflected to his view the rays of the de- f^ 
dining sun, and fired him and his army with the bright pros- r 
pect of reaping the rewards of all their toils. The Emperor t"' 
cherished the ardour of his soldiers, and led them on to the £ 
attack. The Russians made a firm resistance from a formid- 
able redoubt, lined with artillery, that commanded the heights 
of Borodino. A desperate assault commenced, and the re- 
doubt was carried at the point of the bayonet, before the day 
closed ; the Russians retired, and night closed the scene. 
Solemn w^as the scene that followed. The two armies passed 
the succeeding day in reconnoiteringand strengthening their 
positions, to prepare for the combat that was to follow^ 
Night again closed the scene without a blow ; but the next 
day opened to the combatants a new scene. The sun rose 
clear, and his first beams caught the eye of the Emperor Na- 
poleon ; ^tis the Sim of Ansterlitz, he exclaimed with em- 
phasis. 

A strong Russian column, under the command of Prince 
Bagration, commenced an attack to recover the redoubt 
that he had lost by the attack of the French ; but it was now 
impregnable, and vomited forth death into the advancing col- 
umns, and broke their ranks. A general engagement follow- 
ed ; the French overpowered the Russians, and compelled 
them to give way ; but they soon concentrated their forces 
and returned to the charge, in solid columns. The conflict 
now became desperate, and the tield was warmly disputed, 
until the French, overpowered by numbers, gave way, and 
retired from the combat. This was a proud triumph to the 
brave defenders of their country ; but the Prince Bagration 
crowned with his death the victory of Borodino. 

The Emperor Napoleon published in general orders : 
" Soldiers, this is the first victory I ever lost, you must wipe 
out the stain with the blood of the Russians." The losses 



LA FAYETTE. 197 

this action were truly severe, but not decisive. General 

itusoft* now succeeded to the command, and led off the 

issian army to Moscow ; and as he passed through the city, 

removed the inhabitants, with their principal wealth and 

>asures, together with all the fire engines ; and when the 

nperor Napoleon entered the city at the head of his army, 

ntusoff formed his army into three divisions, and invested 

m in Moscow. Rastapchin the governor, let loose the con- 

cts from the prisons, and tired the city. In one hour the 

ty of Moscow was wrapped in flames throughout, and de- 

royed with a terrible conflagration. The Emperor Napo- 

on beheld the awful scene that blasted all his views, and 

cclaimed with astonishment, " An ocean of flame." The 

rench army were not appalled at this awful scene, for they 

resaw not the consequences ; butgare a loose rein to their 

jssions, and rioted in their excesses amidst the ruins of 

[oscow. The Emperor Napoleon saw at once his situation, 

nd made overtures of peace to the Emperor Alexander. 

he Emperor amused him with a vain negotiation, until he 

ad collected his forces, and sent orders for the army of the 

)annbeto withdraw from the Turkish war, and advance upon 

he rear of the French. The Emperor Alexander then pub- 

icly announced in his manifesto, " I will never make peace 

o long as Napoleon Bonaparte, or any of his family, are 

ipon the throne of France." 

Napoleon now saw his fate before him. To continue in 
floscow was impossible, to retreat was peeilous, and to treat 
vith the Emperor, hopeless. He was quick and decisive in 
lis determinations ; he wreaked his vengeance upon the 
Kremlin, by destroying that cradle of all the Czars of Russia, 
collected his remaining treasures, drew out his army and 
:ommenced his retreat, in order, if possible, to regain the 
:ities of Poland. But the old veteran Kutusofi", indignant at 
:he rapacity of the French, pressed upon his rear, and soon 
overtook the spoil incumbered foe. Harassed by the Rus- 
sians, murdered by the Cossacs, and stung with the seTfer- 
ities of a Russian winter, this mighty conqueror was sooo 
stripped of his artillery and baggage, by the death of his hor- 
ges ; and the spoils of Moscow, with the spoils of the French, 
?oon fell into the hands of the Russians. The retreat of the 
French soon became the flight of a confused mass, without 
•tiscipline, without order, without supplies ; a prey le death 
17* 



n»3 ^ ^lEMoiks or 

• 

in every ibrm, destroyed by, and destroying evety thing m 
their route. That hero that had led them victorious into 
Russia, had neglected even one solitary preparation to secure 
their return ; and he who had so recently been the idol, now 
became the reproach of his army. No longer safe amids! 
his myrmidons, he fled from Krasnoy, on the banks of th- 
Dnieper, alone, and in disguise, to secure his safe return to w. 
France ; just at the critical moment when the army of the 
Danube appeared in his rear to cut off his retreat. The 
horrors of this scene were so distressing, and so fatal, that 
the mighty force which had advanced into Ptussia under the 
appellation of the grand army, before it reached Poland. 
" vanished like the baseless fabric of a vision, and left not 
wreck behind."* 



* " The winter,'' says counte de Se£,ur, *• now overtook us ; and byH | 
filling up the measure of each individual's sufferings, put an end to \ 
that mutual support which had hitherto sustained us. Htnceforwar 
the scene presented only a multitude of isolated and individual stru , 
gles. The best conducted no longer respected themselves. — All frater 
nity of arms was forgotten, all the bonds of society were torn asunder 
— excess of misery had brutalized them. A devouring hunger had n 
duced these unfortunate wretches to the mere brutal instinct of se 
preservation, to which they were ready to sacrifice every other coi. 
sideration ; the rude and barbarous climate seemed to have communi 
cated its fury to them. Like the worst of savages, the s'rong feil upon 
the weak, and despoiled them; they eagerly surrounded the dying, 
and often even waited not for their last sigh before they stripped them. 
When a horse fell, they rushed upon if, tore it in pieces, and snattheci 
the morsels from each other's mouths, like a troop of famished wolve? 
However, a considerable number still preserved enough of moral feel- 
ing not to seek their safety in the ruin of others, but this was the last 
effort of their virtue. If an officer or comrade fell alongside them, or 
under the wheels of the cannon, it was in vain that lie implored Ihtm, 
by a common country, religion and cause, (o succor him. He obtain- 
ed not even a look ; all the frozen inflexibility of the climate had pa.-^- 
sed into their hearts ; its rigidity had contracted Iheir sentiments as 
well as their features. All, except a few chiefs, were absorbed by 
fneirown sufferings, and terror left no place for pity. Thus that egc- 
tism, which is often produced by excessive prosperity, results also from 
extreme adversity— but in which latter case it is more excusable ; the 
former being voluntary, the latter forced ; one a crime ofthe heart, 
the other an impulse of instinct and altogether physical : and indeed, 
upon the occasion here alluded to, there was much of excuse, for to 
stop for a moment was to risk your own life. la this scene of univer- 
sal destruction, to hold out your hand to your comrade or your sink- 



I 



LA FAYETTE. 191» 

The army of Prussia under McDonald, returned, as they 
entered, by the way of Riga, and the army of Austria separa- 
ed from the French, and escaped total ruin. The Emperor 
S"apoleon repaired to Paris, assembled his senate, disclosed 



\ng chief was an admirable effort of generosity. The shghtest act of 
Humanity was an instance of sublime devotion. 

'' When unab?e from total exhaustion to proceed, they halted for a 
)noment. Winter, with his icy iiaiuls, seized upon them for his prey. 
It was then, that in vain, the.«e unfortunate beings, feeling themseU'^es 
benumbed, endeavoured to rouse themselves. Voiceless, insensible and 
plunged in stupor, they move:} for^yard a few paces, like automatons ; 
but the blood, already freezing in their veins, flowed languidly through 
their hearts, and mounting to tlieir heads, made Ihem stagger like 
drunken men. From their eyes, become red and inflamed from the 
continual view of the dazzling snow, the want of sleep, and the smoke 
of the bivouacs, there burst forth real tears of blood, a( companied by 
protound sighs; they looked at ihe sky, at us, and upon the earth, 
with a fixed and haggard stare of consternation , this was their last 
farewell, or rather reproach to that barbarous nature that tortured 
them. Thus dropping upon their knees, and afterwards upon their 
hand:--, their heads moving for an instant or two from right to left, 
while from their gasping lips escaped the most agonizing moans ; at 
lengih, they fell prostrate upon the snow, staining it with a gush of liv- 
ing blood, and all their miseries terminated. Their comrades passed 
over them without even stepping aside, dreading to lengtlicn their 
march by a single pace ; they even turned not their heads to look at 
th«;:m, for the slightest motion rf the head to the left or the right was 
attended with torture, the hair of their heads and beards being frozea 
into a solid mass. 

•« Scenes of still greater horror took place in those immense log- 
houses, or sheds, which were f )und at certain interA'als along the road> 
Into these, soldiers and otficers rushed precipitately, and huddled to- 
gether like so many cattle. The living, not having strength enough to 
remove those who had died close to the fire, sat down upon their bod- 
ies, until their turn came ta expire, when they also served as deatli 
beds to other victims. Sometimes the fire communicated itself to the 
wood of which these sheds were composed, and then all those within 
the walls, already half dead with cold, expired in the flames. At 
Joupranoui, the soldiers set fire to whole houses, in order to warm 
themselves for a few moments. The glare of these conflagrations at- 
tracted crowda of wretches, whom the intensity of the cold and of 
suffering had rendered delirious ; these rushing forward like madmen, 
gnashing their teeth, and with demoniac laughter, precipitated them- 
selves into the midst of the flames, where they perished in horrible 
convulsions. Their famished companions looked on without affright, 
and it is but too true that some of them drew the half roasted bodies 
from the flames, and ventured to carry to their lips the revolting food.^* 



200 MEMOIRS OF 

his misfortunes, and assembled another army in two month*, 
put himself at their head, and marched into Saxony. 

The Emperor of Russia followed up his victories, and en- 
tered Prussia with his victorious army. The Emperor of 
Austria, at the head of 100,000 men, entered Bohemia, and 
fixed his quarters, in character of mediator for his son-in-law 
Napoleon. The crown Prince of Sweden, formerly Gen- 
eral Bernadotte, Prince of Pontecorvo, in the service of Na- 
poleon in the Prussian war, now took the field with 100,000 
Sw^edes against his former Emperor ; and the Sovereigns of 
Russia and Prussia fixed their quarters at Dresden, in Saxon}'. 
The Emperor Napoleon was encamped at Leipsic. The 
allies amused the Emperor of France with a negotiation, 
until they were ready for action. The Emperor of Austria 
then declared his mediation closed, decided for the allies, 
and the action began. The conflict was sharp and bloody : 
the French were true to their Emperor ; but were over- 
powered by numbers, gave way in disorder, and fled : a horri- 
ble slaughter followed. When the victory was announced 
to the sovereigns of Russia, Austria and Prussia, they fell 
immediately upon their knees, and gave thanks to God. 

The Emperor Napoleon, with the wreck of his army, fled 
into France, and took shelter in his capital ; the allies pursu- 
ed, invested the city ; took him by capitulation, and banished 
him to the island of Elba. The English, Spanish and Portu- 
guese had driven the Fren^ch out of the peninsula, and with 
the Duke of Wellington at their head, entered France to co- 
operate with the allies against Napoleon. They restored 
the dynasty of the Bourbons, in the person of Louis XVIII., 
and protected him with a strong force, under the command 
of the Duke of Wellington. 

The Emperor of Russia and King of Prussia visited Eng- 
land, and from thence repaired to Vienna, and opened a Con- 
gress, to adjust the elainas of the several powers, that had 
arisen out of the war. 

We have now fully disclosed the views of the Jacobins of 
France, when they drew the sword of Charlemagne, and 
commenced the bloody career of a military despotism in 
France. The blood of more than a million of those deluded 
sons of liberty and equality had now stained the field of Eu- 
rope, from the Tagus to the Wolga, and all they have gained 
in compensate their sufferings, is the privilege of again hug- 



LA FAYETTE, 201 

ng their chains, under the former dynasty of the Bourbons. 

ould they have been persuaded to hsten to the voice of La 

ayette, and rallied round the constitution, and the King, the 

rospect was then favourable, that they might have enjoyed 

constitutional monarchy, like that of England, which was^ 

I they could justly have expected ; and as much, if not more, 

aan they could then have enjoyed with tranquility. It is? 

be hoped, that their errors and sufferings will prove a use- 

i\ example to the world. 

The Congress of Vienna had been engaged six months in 

Ijusting the claims of the sufferers in the war when they 

ere alarmed with the tidings, that Napoleon was in Paris 

nd at the head of the army. They felt the alarm, closed 

aeir sittings, repaired to the arm.ies, and took the field. 

The Russian and Austrian armies took their stand upon the 
thine, to secure the bridge of Strasburg ; the English and 
Prussian armies took post in Flanders, with the English 
rmy in advance about 15 or 20 miles. One French army 
li^as posted on the east to guard the bridge of Strasburg, or 
l/atch the Russians and Austrians, and another in Flanders to 
vatch the English and Prussians. The Emperor NapoIeoD 
ortified his capital, and attempted to renew the conscription ; 
ut failed. He then left Paris in the night, according to cus- 
om, put himself at the head of the army of the north, and 
ommenced an attack upon the English army, commanded by 
jord Wellington, who received him with firmness, and the 
lonfiict became severe and bloody. The English retired in 
jreat order ; and the Prussians advanced. On the second 
lay, the two armies formed a junction, and the action became 
;eneral. On the 3d day, the action was renewed with spir- 
t, but the French were exhausted, and being overpowered 
>y numbers, were broken and fled. The Emperor, whoso 
11 was at stake, rallied them to the combat, again and again ; 
lutthe allies opened a battery upon his centre, with a terrible 
;arnage ; he drew up his guards to support his centre ; they 
irere cut down and distroyed. Napoleon exclaimed, " tis 
ime for us to go.'* He abandoned the remnant of his army, 
led into France, repaired to Paris, and again attempted to 
enew the conscription, and resist the enemy, but failed ; he 



20^ MEMOIRS OF 

then resigned his crown to his son,* fled for the coast, dehv- 
ered himself up to the captain of an English man of war, and 
was carried to England. 

The allies advanced to Paris, entered the city ; restored 
Louis XVIII. to the throne, under the protection of the 
Duke of Wellington, and thus secured the tranquility of Eu- 
rope. 

The allied sovereigns again repaired to Vienna, resumed 
theirsittings, and sentenced the Ex-emperor Napoleon to the 
island of St. Helena for life ; where he diedm the ye^T 182L 
•'Such and so various are the scenes of life.''^ 



CBAPTSR XZXIZ. 

-ENERAL LA FAYETTE AT LA GRANGE HI'S CHARACTER BY 

MADAME DE STAEL DESCRIPTION OF LA GRANGE BY LADV 

MORGAN VISIT OF CHARLES J. FOX TO LA GRANGE 

DEATH OF MADAME LA FAYETTE THE PART TAKEN BY GEN- 
ERAL LA FAYETTE IN THE RESIGNATION OF BONAPARTE &C. 

FARTHER DESCRIPTION OF THE RETIREMENT AND AMUSE- 

MENT AT LA GRANGE. 

In the preceding chapters, a full view has been given ot 
the French Revolution, to shew — 

1st, That the old quarrel of Jansenists and Jesuits was 
the true origin, or cause of the French Revolution. 2d, To 
shew how the Philosophers and Jacobins cherished this quar- 
rel, in order to bring forward their plans of a military re- 
public. 3d, To shew the effects of this republic upon 



* •' I was desirous," says Lady Morgan, " to learn how Bonaparte 
f=eemed affected at the moment that General La Fayette, at the head 
of the deputation who came to thank him in the name of the cham- 
ber, for his voluntary abdication, appeared before him. '' We found 
him,' said General La Fayette, * upon this occasion, as upon many 
others, aclins: out of the rules of ordinary calculation; neither affec- 
ting the pathetic dignity of fallen greatness, nor evincing the uncon- 
trollable dejection of disappointed ambition, of hopes crushed, never 
to revive^ and of splendour quenched, never to rekindle. We fouiu; 



LA FAYETTE. 203 

Vrarice, upon Europe, and the world. 4th, To contrast the 
whole with the wise principles and views of the Marquis 
La Fayette. 

Europe is again hushed to peace. Before we turn our 
attention to the description of Chatteau La Grange, and the 
scenes of retirement in which General La Fayette was en- 
gaged, a sketch of his character, from the pen of Madame de 
Stael, may not be uninteresting. 

"The Marquis La Fayette," says Madame de Stael, 
•'having fought from early life for the cause of America, 
had early become imbued with the principles of liberty, 
which form the basis of that government. If he made mis- 
takes with regard to the French revolution, we are to ascribe 
them all to his admiration of the American institutions, and 
of Washington, the hero citizen, who guided the first steps 
of that nation in the career of Independence. La Fayette, 
young, affluent, of noble family, and beloved at home, 
relinquished all these advantages at the age of nineteen, to 
serve beyond the ocean, in the cause of that liberty, the love 
of which has decided every action of his life. Had he had 
the happiness to be a native of the United States, his con- 
duct would have been that of Washington : the same disin- 
terestedness, the same enthusiam, the same perseverance in 
their opinions, distmguished each of these generous friends 
of humanity. Had General Washington been, like the 
iMarquis de La Fayette, commander of the national guard of 
Paris, he also might have found it impossible to control the 
course of circumstances ; he also might have seen his efforts 
baffled by the difficulty of being at once faithful to his en- 
gagements to the king, and of establishing, at the same time, 
the liberty of his country. 

" M. de La Fayette, I must say, has a right to be consider- 
ed a true republican ; none of the vanities of his rank, ever 



him calm and serene : he received us with a faint, but gracious smile 
— he spoke with firmness and precision. I think the parallel for this 
moment was that when he presented his breast to the troops drawn 
out against him, on his return from Elba, exclaiming, ' I am your Em- 
peror, strike if you will.' There have been splendid traits in the life 
of this man, not to he reconciled to his other modes of conduct ; — his 
character is out of all ordinary keeping, and to him the doctrine o£ 
probabilities could never, ia any instance, be applied." 



i04 MEMOIRS OF 

j 
entered bis head : power, the effect of which is so great i^ 
France, had no ascendancy over him : the desire of pleasing 
in a drawing room conversation, did not with him influence 
a single phrase ; he sacrificed all his fortune to his opinions^ 
with the most generous indifference. When in the prison! 
of Olmutz, as when at the height of his influence, he was 
equally firm in his attachment to his principles. His man 
ner of seeing and acting, is open and direct. Whoever has 
marked his conduct, ma}' foretel with certainty, what he will 
do on any particular occasion. His political feeling is that 
of a citizen of the United States ; and even his person isi 
more English than French. The hatred, of which Marqui* 
de La f ayette is the object, has never embittered his tem- 
per ; and his gentleness of soul is complete ; at the samec 
<ime, nothing has ever modified his opinions ; and his confi-j- 
dence in the triumph of liberty, is the same as that of 4^ 
pious man in a future life. These sentiments, so contrarj'^ 
to the selfish calculations of most of the men who havei- 
acted a part m France, may appear pitiable in the eyes ofi 
some persons — ' it is so silly' they think, " to prefer one's' 
country to one's self; not to change one's party when that 
party is worsted ; in short, to consider mankind, not as cards 
with which to play a winning game, but as the sacred objects 
of unlimited sacrifices.' If this is to form the charge ol 
silliness, would that it were but once merited by our men 
of talents ! 

*' It is a singular phenomenon, that such a character as 
that of Marquis de La Eayette, should have appeared'in the 
foremost rank of the French noblesse ; liut he can neither 
be censured nor exculpated with impartialit}^ without being 
acknowledged to be such as I have described him. It then 
becomes easy to understand the different contrasts whic) 
naturally arose between his disposition and situation. Su] 
porting monarchy more from duty than attachment, he dre\\ 
involuntarily towards the principles of the democrats, whom 
he was obliged to resist : anrl a certain kindness for the ad- 
vocates of the republican form, was perceptible in him, 
although his reflection forbade the admission of their system 
into France. Since the departure of Marquis de La Fayette 
for America, now forty years ago, we cannot quote a single 
action or a single word of his, which was not direct and 
consistent. Personal interest never blended itself in the 



f 



■M 




ii'^^'^™)ii''i"'fiiiS'^!!f-^'L-^iililSiat 




LA FAYETTE. 205 

ast with bis public conduct ; success would have dis- 
layed such sentiments to advantage ; but they claim the 
:tention of the historian in spite of circumstances, and in 
jite of faults, which may serve as a handle to his oppo- 
ents.'' 

Having thus viewed a short sketch of the character of the 
larquis La Fayette, the following view of Chatteau La 
range, and the scenes that occupied the time and attention 
f this truly great and good man, may serve more fully to 
lustrate his character. 

" Chatteau La Grange," says Lady Morgan, " is situated 
I the fertile district of La Brie, thirty miles from Paris, re- 
mote trom any common road, and far distant from the bust- 
ng world. In the midst of a luxuriant wilderness, rising 
bove prolific orchards and antiquated woods, appear the 
ve towers of La Grange, tinged with the golden rays of the 
eclining sun. The deep moat, the draw-bridge, the ivied 
3wer, and arched portals, opening into a large square court, 
ave a feudal and picturesque character ; and the associations 
i^hich occur, on entering the residence of a man so heroic, 
o disinterested, so celebrated, fill the mind with peculiar 
dmiration, and excite the most lively interest." The fami- 
y party, partaking more of patriarchal than of courtly man- 
lers, is com\)osed of individuals mutually attached, and anx- 
ous only for mutual improvement and happiness. It rep- 
esents the younger members, as employed in their studies, 
)r engaged in innocent recreations, so salutary to the youth- 
iil temper and constitution : and the older, as occupied in 
iseful and literary pursuits, or devoted to the more enliven- 
ng pleasures of conversation. 

" The venerated head of this happy family, at the age of 
xty-seven, is in the full possession of every talent and facul- 
r. His memory has all the tenacity of youthful recollec- 
ion. On his person, time has yet made little visible impres- 
;ion. Not a wrinkle furrows the ample brow ; and his 
mbent and noble figure is still as upright, bold and vigorous, 
is the mind which informs it. Grace, strength, and dignity, 
•till distinguish the fine person of this extraordinary man ; 
flrho, though more than forty years before the world engag- 
ed in scenes of strange and eventful conflict, does not yet 
ippear to have reached his grand climacteric. Active on his 
18 



206 MEMOIRS OF 

farm, graceful and elegant in his salo7iy it is difficult to trace, 
in one of the most successful agriculturalists, and one of the 
most perfect fine gentlemen of France, a warrior and a legis- 
lator. But the patriot is always discernible. His conversa- 
tion is enriched with anecdotes of all that is celebrated in 
character or event, for the last fifty years. His elegant and 
well chosen collection of books, occupies the highest apart- 
ments in one of the towers of the Chatteau ; and like the 
study of Montaigne, hangs over the farmyard of the philo- 
sophical agriculturalist. It frequently happens, said Mar- 
quis La Fayette to one of his visitors as they were looking 
from awmdow on some flocks, which were moving beneath, 
that my merinoes and my hay carts dispute my attention t 
Hume or Voltaire." 

In the year 1802, the Right Honourable Charles J. Fox | 
and Lady, visited the Marquis La Fayette, by particular invi- ! 
tation, at his Chatteau La Grange. I 

Of this visit, a friend of Mr. Fox gives the followirj!. 
description : 

" The towers and wood of the Chatteau appeared in peace- 
ful repose, as j,we drove near ; and when we gained a full 
view of the building, I felt great emotion ; it was the resi- 
dence of a great and good man — a patriot and friend of man- 
kind, whose life had been consecrated to virtue and liberty 
Ihe family came to the hall to meet us, happy in themselves, 
and rejoicing to see the illustrious friend of La Fayette ! I 
cannot forget that moment — no silly affectation, no airs of 
idle ceremony were seen at the residence of him, who had 
gloriously struggled for America, and had done all he could 
for France. 

" Marquis de La Fayette and Madame, received Mr. and 
Mrs. Fox with the heartiest welcome. The family consisted 
of two daughters, and a son and his wife, all young and ele- 
gant ; all Hving with Marquis de La Fayette, as a brother and 
friend. His graceful and manly form, his benevolent coun- 
tenance, his frank and warm manners, which made him al- 
most adored by his family, and a placid contentedness, near- 
ly allied to cheerfulness ; altogether had an irresistible 
effect, in gaining the afiections and esteem of those admitted 
to his more intimate society. 

'* Madame de La Fayette, cf the noble family of Noailles, 



LA r'AYETTE. - 201 



vas a superior and amiable woman, possessing the high polish 
)f the ancient nobility, eloquent and animated. Fondly at- 
:ached to Marquis de La Fayette and her family, she regret- 
:ed nothing of past splendour ; she possessed an affectionate 
husband, and was happy in retirement. The son was a 
pleasing young man, and his wife engaging and interesting ; 
[he daughters were charming women, entirely free from th<? 
insipid languor, or wretched affectation, which m young 
{adies of fashion so much destroys originality of character., 
md makes us find, in one of the fashionables, the prototyp*-. 
md pattern of thousands. In a word, this amiable and hap- 
py family seemed united by one bond of affection, and to 
desire nothing beyond the circle of their own tranquil man- 
sion. 

" The Chatteau, and estate of La Grange, which Madame, 
vrho was an heiress, had brought with her, was all that re- 
mained of his fortune. He had lost every thing besides, in 
the madness of revolutionary confiscation ; and had not yet 
been able to procure restitution or compensation. To add 
to the interest of the scene, General Fitzpatrick, who had 
known La Fayette in America, and had vainly attempted in 
the British House of Commons, to rouse the ministry to u 
sense of humanity and justice for him, joined the party at 
La Grange, at this time. That accomplished man was an 
addition to our society, and was received most affectionatelj 
by the family of La Fayette. I have often beheld with 
great pleasure, Mr. Fox, General Fitzpatrick, and Marquis 
de La Fayette, walking in the long shady grove near the 
Chatteau, speaking of past times, the war in America, and the 
revolution in France. The rare sight of three such charac- 
ters was grateful to any one who felt friendly to the cause 
of civil liberty, and valued men for their services to human- 
ity, rather than for successful ambition. 



La Fayette spoke a good deal of America ; and we learnt 
from him something of his various and useful services for 
that country, at the court of Louis, as well as of his personal 
efforts, during the struggle for independence. His political 
career in France had not the same happy result, as in Amer- 
ica ; but it should be considered, that his situation in the 
former was arduous beyond measure. A friend to limited 
monarchy, and to the legitimate rights of the people, at a time 
when the support of one was deemed hostility to the othei- 



208 itfExMOIRS OF 

he found it impossible, consistent with his principles, to fol- 
low the mania of the nation. A king of integrity and firm- 
ness, with La Fayette as his counsellor, might have been safe, 
even in the tumultuous times preceding the seizure of civil 
power by sanguinary demagogues. But Louis, it is feared, 
wanted both these qualities ; certainly the latter. La Fay- 
ette failed, therefore, in his patriotic views ; not as Bona- 
parte is said to have insinuated, because he aimed at what 
was impracticable ; but because those whose interest it was 
to second his views, did not support him. A ruined throne, t 
and desolate country, subsequently attested the purity of his 
principles, and the soundness of his judgment." 

Before we commence a more minute view of the interest- 
ing scenes at La Grange, let us survey the causes that served 
to collect together this happy family. 

George Washington La Fayette, only son of General La 
Fayette served a& one of the guide.^ dp Honneur to tKp g«wrda 
of the First Consul, and armed and equiped himself at hi? 
own expense, even without consenting to receive pay for his 
services. He was so active, intelligent, and brave an offi- 
cer, that General Grouchy took him into his ifamily, as one- 
.of his aids-de-camp ; but the frankness of his father to tht 
First Consul, excited a jealousy and distrust on the part o; 
the Consul towards himself, that extended to his family ; and 
they were all marked out by Bonaparte, as un^vorthy of dis- 
tinction or favour. The First Consul, through the Prince 
of Neufchatell, signified to young La Fayette, " that it was 
his duty to tender his resignation, under the pretext, that h< 
was fatigued with the service." To which he firmly repli 
ed, '' That so long as his country was involved in wars, he 
should feel himself disgraced by a resignation, and that he 
should be ashamed even to think of it, while all his compan- 
ions were daily exposing themselves to dangers of every sort. 
It was true he was an American citizen ; but he was first of 
all a Frenchman, and a loyal Frenchman." 

This reply was conclusive, with such a man as General 
Berthier, (Prince of Neufchatell,) and he made an honour 
able report to the Consul, now Emperor of the French.* 



* The Firal Consul was vested with the Imperial dignity, August : 
nth, 1804. ^ 



jiei 



li 



LA FAYETTE. 209 

The young La Fayette followed the fortune of the Empe- 
)rin the Prussian war, in 1806, and as aid to General Grou- 
ly, had the good fortune twice to save his lite, in the me- 
orable battle of Eylau, for which services, the General made 
bnourable mention of him in his report, and requested that 
3 might be honoured, and promoted ; but the Emperor dis- 
tgarded this notice, and ordered his name to be struck from 
le report, and of course it did not appear in the bulletin, 
he young otBcer felt the neglect with the keenest sensibili- 

, bit it did not move his principles, and he continued in 
irvice, faithlul to himself and his country, until the Prussian 
ar had been closed, by the peace of Tilsit, June 26th. 
807 ; he then, by permission, retired from the army, and 
»ined his family in their retirement at La Grange. 

Soon after this excellent son had joined them, Madame L;* 
ayette '• was struck with a paralysis, which prevented her 
'om moving from one room to another, except in an easy 
hair, mounted on rollers.." This stroke was severely felt 
\y her family and friends, and they, with her beloved hus- 
'and, prevailed upon her to return to Paris, to obtain the best 
bssible aid. Madame La Fayette had yielded reluctantly to 
le wishes of her husband and friends, believing, as she 
ften said, " that her case was hopeless, and that the best 
ledical advice could not restore her, adding, I wish, there- 
)re, my dear husband, to die in peace, surrounded by you 
ad my children, in this house of my ancestors,* rather than 
1 the capital ; but as you wish it, I will go." She was re- 
loved to Paris, where she died, December 24th, 1807. 

'/he sufferings of this bebt of women, during her long ill- 
ess, were borne with the most christian patience, fortitude, 
nd resignation, and she died as she had lived, the ornament, 
f her sex. 

This was the severest stroke that General La Fayette had 
ver felt, a loss to him forever irreparable, and as such he 
iewed it ; but he sustained it with that equanimity, as well 



♦ " The estate of La Grange belonged to Madame La Fayette ; it 
ad been sequestered in the rcTolution ; hut was restorea under the 
)irectory. All the other estates of the two families, (La Fayette 
nd Noailles, or his wife's.) had been sold, excepting a small farm id 
mvergne, of which General La Fayette is still in possession.^ 
18* 



no MEMOIRS Ot^ 

as magnanimity, which had marked his character through all 
the trying scenes of Ufe, that he had been called to pass. 

The Marquis La Fayette, the next winter, had the misfor- 
tune to slip, and fall upon the ice and break his leg, whici 
occasioned him a confinement for six months ; but a whole 
year elapsed before he could walk much, and he continues 
partially lame with that limb, to this time. 

General La Fayette remained at La Grange, a passive 
spectator of political events, until the restoration of the 
Bourbons, in 1814, and even then, until he learnt that 
1,200,000 foreigners had invaded France. He then broke; 
from his retirement, to rally round the government of the* t 
Emperor Napoleon, and if possible, save his country froni 
being overrun by the enemy. Napoleon again offered hini|i 
a peerage, which he refused, adding, " I recommend an im- 
mediate convocation of the chamber of representatives, and 
will never consent to enter again into public life, unles- 
chosen by my countrymen." It continued to be his wish. 
that the liberty of speech, freedom of the press, and popular] 
elections, might be restored to the French people ; and he noil 
only urged these, whenever occasion offered,, but he nov^j 
protested in his department, and to the Electors of Seine an4 
Marne, against si^ndry articles of the constitution of the em- 
pire, and the late additional act, which he considered as pe- 
culiarly hostile to the sovereignty of the people, as well as 
individual rights ; but the department elected him their firsi 
deputy, as well as their president, notwithstanding. 

When the council of state were assembled, and proceedec 
to the choice of a president, Lanjuinais and La Fayette ob 
tained the greatest number of votes ; the former was chosei 
president, and the latter vice president. 

After the battle of Waterloo, the Emperor returned hasti 
iy to Paris, and attempted to prorogue the Council of State 
in order to proclaim himself dictator ; but the Marquis L 
Fayette rose, and with his usual energy, thus addressed th( 
House : 

"^ When for the first time, for many years, I attempt t< 
raise my feeble voice, which the old friends of liberty wil 
recognise again, I feel myself compelled to address you, gen 
tjemen, on the imminent danger of the country^ which yoi 
alone are able to prevent 



LA FAYETTE. 21 1 

'* Sinister rumours have been circulated, and are now un- 
happily conlirmed. Now is the time to rally round the old 
tri-coloured standard of '89, of liberty and equality, and of 
public order ; it is this alone which we are bound to defend 
; against foreign pretensions and domestic factions. Allow a 
veteran in this holy cause, who has been always an enemy to 
the spirit of dissention, to submit the following preliminary 
resolutions, of which I hope you will admit the necessity. 

" Article 1st. — The Chamber of Representatives declare 
ithat the independence of the nation is in danger. 
I " Article 2d. — The Chamber declare themselves in con- 
(tinual session ; that every attempt to prorogue the sessiou 
1 shall be considered high treason; that any oneguilty of such 
1 an attempt shall be considered a traitor to his country, and 
j be instantly proceeded against as such. 
! *' Article 3d. — The army of the hne, and of the national 
j guards, who have fought, and are still fighting for the inde- 
I pendence of France, deserve the gratitude of their country. 
" Article 4th. — The Minister of the Interior h requested 
i to assemble the General Staff, the Commandants, and Majors 
: of the Legion of the National Guards of Paris, to consult on 
i the means of supplying them with arms, and to render com- 
plete the citizen guard, whose patriotism and zeal, having 
been proved for twenty-six years, offer a sure guaranty of 
the liberty, the property, and the tranquility of the capital, 
and the inviolability of the representatives of the nation. 

" Article 6th. — The Ministers of War, those of Foreign 
Relations, of the Interior, and of the Police, are invited to 
attend the Assembly immediately." 

General La Fayette demanded that the liberty and life of 
the Emperor Napoleon, should be put under the protection 
of the French people. 

General La Fayette was commissioned by the Assembly to 
the allied powers, to solicit a suspension of hostilities ; but 
upon their refusal, he returned to the capital, and found the 
city in the hands of the enemy, by capitulation, and that the 
army had withdrawn. 

Finding the doors of the Assembly closed, on the 8th of 
July, he repaired to his own house, attended by many of the 
deputies, v, horn he accompanied to the house of the Presi- 
dent, to enter their protest against this exclusion, and sign 
their process verbal. 



212 MEMOIRS OF 

The sittings of the Assembly thus being closed,. General 
La Fayette again returned to La Grange, and to the bosom 
of his family, and once more bid adieu to the cares and 
labours of public life, to pass the remainder of his days iii 
social retirement, and the pursuits of agriculture. 

He sacrificed every possible consideration to the best in- 
terest of his country; rejecting every offer whatever, thai 
appeared to be in competition with her interest, and now 
preferred a philosophical and honourable retreat, to the most, 
tempting offers of the Emperor of France. In doing this, 
he obeyed the dictates of those feelings and principles, which 
have so conspicuously characterized his whole life. 

A more intimate view of the private character of th( 
Marquis La Fayette, in the bosom of his family at La Grange 
must not only be interesting, but give a peculiar pleasure to 
his friends. Modest, plain, yet neat, and unassuming in his 
general deportment, he was tenderly beloved by all his fam 
ily, who closely resemble him in the leading features of his 
character. It was the delight of the General, with his cane 
in his hand, to make frequent excursions over his adjoining 
grounds, accompanied with his little grandson, who assisted 
him in counUng his flocks of sheep. He took a peculiar 
delight in hstening to the numerous questions of the lad, and 
in his answers took great pains to explain whatever his ten- 
der mind could not comprehend or understand ; and although 
these questions were numerous, and many times difficult to 
be solved, yet he was never impatient ; but listened with 
the most cheerful attention, and gave the most instructing 
answers possible. He took pleasure in conversing familiarly 
with the shepherds ; in examining the sheep, and attending 
to the shearing. He remembered with pleasure, that it was 
in Holstein, during his residence at the Chatteau of Lehm- 
kuhlen, he first learnt the management of sheep, and rejoiced 
that he had succeeded in crossing the mestices with the me- 
rinoes. 

He took equal delight in accompanying the children into 
his beautiful park, and would of\en amuse himself by joining 
in their sports, and in cheering and helping the younger ones 
m their pursuit of those that were older. At other times he 
amused himself by conducting his friends over his new plan- 
tations ; in shewing the beautiful groves he had planted, the 
numerous fruit trees he had reared and grafted ; the marshes^ 



LA FAYETTE. 2!3 

e had drained, the fields he had cleared and fertilized, and 
lie streams of water he had conducted over the dry and 
arched grounds, which had now become rich by irrigation. 

These, with many others too numerous to be detailed, 
/ere among his rural enjoyments ; but his heart was with 
is family, and in them centered all his joys. *' But before \vc 
peak of the regular course of life which La Fayette's family 
ved at La Grange," says General Holstein, " we ought to 
lake our readers acquainted with the inmates of the Chat- 
eau. When Madame de La Fayette was living, she ar.d the 
reneral occupied separate apartments, with a door oi*com- 
lunication. 

*' George Washington La Fayette married, in 1803, Made- 
loiselle de Tracy, daughter of the Count and seoatcr of that 
ame, who had always belonged to the liberal party. Inor- 
er to give the reader an idea of the character and merits of 
his Indy, it is sufficient to say, that she was worthy of being 
le daughter of Ma<inme dc LiB Fayette. She has five chil- 
ren, of which the eldest is a young woman of twenty years 
f age, and the favourite of her grandfather. 

" Mademoiselle Anastasia La Fayette, daughter of the Gen- 
ral, married, as I have mentioned already, the brother of 
is companion in misfortune, Mr. Charles LatourMaubourg, 
'ho served in the latter campaigns of the war with very great 
redit and distinction. He united to a cold, yet agreeable ex- 
2rior, great sensibility, and courage, with very little ambi- 
on. He has always been the most constant resident at La 
rrange, detesting the capital and its noisy societ}', and assist- 
ig his father-in-law in all the various occupations of the 
ountry. I have often accompanied him in his favourite 
musements of shooting and hunting. His family consists of 
)ur children, of which two ?.re mamed, and one of them has 
vo children. 

*' Mademoiselle Virginia La Fayette married M. de Lastey- 
ie, nephew of the celebrated agriculturalist of the same 
ame, who travelled for a long time through the greater part 
f Europe, in order to study the best mode of breeding and 
janaging sheep. To him we are indebted for the excellent 
ad well known treatise, Sur les betes a laine de VEspagne. 
[. de Lasteyrie served with his brother-in-law, George, in 
16 campaigns of Jena, Eylau, Friedland, &c. where he 
reatly distinguished himself. The Emperor, who kneT\ 



214 MEMOIRS OF 

that he saw the son-in-law of La Fayette, gave him neithe'"^ 
the cross of honour, nor any military advancement ; ant^ 
always erased his name from the list of officers recommende)"! 
for promotion ; and it is known from good authority, that i^^^ 
a fit of anger he exclaimed, " I meet these LaFayettes ever;"!'^ 
where!" '^^ 

" I cannot refrain from relating the following anecdote (^^ 
Madame de Lasteyrie, when she was confined with her re la I , 
tiom in the castle of Olmutz, then about fifteen years of age | 
since it cannot but give pleasure to the reader. One dayff 
her father, in entering her chamber, observed her standin i , 
in a orner with her hands clasped together, and her fac|, 
turnedtowards the wall. Her father, whom she did not see| 
observed her for a moment, but not wishing to interrupt her; 
withdrew. He several times after noticed her in the samii 
attitude, and asked in the most affectionate manner, if sh<i, 
was unwell ; she blushed, and replied in the negative, hi»' 
gave him no further answer. After repeated quesiloninf'' 
from her mother, she at length acknowledged, that she wa;" 
engaged in praying to God, for the deliverance of the Polis^'' 
hero, Kosciusko, who was then groaning in Russian fetter^" 
as her father was in those of Austria I 

" As the General had often spoken, in his family, of his !• 
mer companion in arms, and detailed many of the curious anc 
noble incidents of his life, the mind of Virginia, who strongI\ 
resembles her admirable mother, was filled with enthusia i 
for this hero, and her imagination constantly recurred - 
him, and his achievements, and she prayed to Heaven for hi: , 
deliverance, though she was not personally acquainted wiui 
him. 

*' The General related this incident to me during our join 
uey from Olmutz to Dresden, and I could not but admire tlii^ 
fine trait of character. The day after our arrival at Dr( ^:• 
den, where we remained one day, in order to allow Madame 
de La Fayette, who was weak and indisposed, time to recovci^ 
from her fatigue, I purchased a full length engraving of Kos 
ciusko, which I de&igned as a present for this young lady, an( 
took it to General La Fayette's room, where Madame de Li 
Fayette then was. They were both delighted with the idea 
and the daughter was immediately called. " Here," said I 
" Mademoiselle Virginia, is a little present, which I beg yoT 
to accept as a slight proof of my friendship :" at the sam< 



LA FAYETTE. 215 

le I unrolied the portrait, without allowing her to look at 
e name. The moment she cast her eyes upon it, she 
jshed deeply, and threw herself into her mother^, arms, 
:claiming, " ^Tis Kosciusko ! It cannot he any one else.^' As 
pn as she recovered from her confusion, she accepteri the 
'int with a blush, though she never after mentioned the 
^me of Kosciusko without emotion. 

" Besides the different apartments of the Chatteau belonging 
the four united families, viz. that of the father, son, and 
sons-in-law, there is one devoted to M. de Maubourg, the 
timate friend and companion of the General, and his lady, 
'd another to General Victor Latour Maubourg, the brother 
^ the last mentioned, who under Louis XVIIL was minister 
' war, and ambassador to London, and is now, with a wood- 
i leg, governor of the hotel of the invalids at Paris. 
"Two other apartments were constantly reserved for 
'adame Amelia de Maubourg and Madame de Maisonneuve, 
pters of the gallant companion of La Fayette. In the same 
Jay, I myself, had a room in one of the towers, command- 
jg a fine view of the park, appropriated to me whenever I 
^sited La Grange. 

" The life which these four families lead, of which La 
layette is the patriarchal chief, is one of quiet, peaceable 
►liformity, peculiarly gratifying to a calm, reflecting mind, 
hich is under no necessity of seeking for noisy, or turbu- 
nt pleasures abroad. The coxcomb, or mere man of 
[easure, would find himself disagreeably situated at La 
range, and the dissatisfaction of its inhabitants, as simple in 
ieir manner of living, as in their dress, could not but be 
utual. It would be in vain to seek for splendid dresses, 
wels, or any of the trappings of worldly vanity, at La 
range ; the jewels of the La Fayette family are those of 
\e mother of the Gracchi. 

Little rural balls are frequently given in the park, in the 
idst of the honest farmers and peasants of the neighbour- 
ood, and plays are performed daily, by both old and young 
lembers of the family, in the open air. 

Early in the morning, every one is occupied in his own 
^artment, where a servant brings him coffee, chocolate, or 
ia ; scarcely an individual makes his appearance in the 
Joon, till tenjor eleven o'clock. The utmost quiet and 
lence reign throughout the Chatteau until this time. Then 



216 MEMOIRS OF 

all the families meet together at breakfast, and the delightful 
prattle of the children is amusingly contrasted with the kind 
and constant attentions of their parents. Each mother is sur- 
rounded by her little ones, the fathers assist in taking care of 
ihem, and the grandfather presides over the whole. 1 

*' After breakfast, each one retires till five o'clock, when 
dinner is brought up ; the families again meet, converse, 
laugh, sing, and dance, every one amusing himself according 
to his age and taste. 

" La Fayette is generally employed in the mornmg in 
attending to his family accounts, answering his numerous let- 
ters, and occasionally in reading. His bed-chamber is ad- 
joining his cabinet, which contains a well filled library, and 
numerous objects, all relative to America. Here, seated 
at his desk, he can see on his left his whole farm and hi* 
stables, and on his right, the park and a very large elegant 
lawn, covered with rich grass, which furnishes him with an 
abundance of excellent hay. 

** His skill in farming is so great, that he was frequently 
and highly complimented upon it, by Mr. Fox, during hi 
visit to La Grange." 



C«APTER XXXV. 

DEPARTURE OF THE MARQUIS LA FAYETTE FROM FRANCE TO 
RE-VISIT AMERICA. 

Although General La Fayette was so delightfully situated 
at La Grange, he never lost sight of America, and often ex 
pressed a desire once more to revisit that country and those 
friends that had ever been so near his heart ; and in his cor- 
respondence, with his American friends, had often expressed 
his feelings upon the subject ; but at this time, he gave them 
to understand that he had made up his mind shortly to revisit 
America. His feelings may be seen by the following extract 
from one of his letters : 

" I am deeply affected by your kindly remembrance. No 
one among the survivors, who shared in our glorious caus€ 
and military fraternity, can be attached more than I i\m 



[S€ 



1 



LA FAYETTE. 217 

the memory of our departed brethren, and to the ties which 
bind together the surviving American companions in arms. 
Since our youthful revolutionary times, many vicissitudes 
have passed over our heads. But in every situation, I have 
enjoyed, with great delight, the recollection of our struggle^ 
50 glorious and so pure ; of our Columbian country, so ex- 
cellent and so promising ; of our brotherly army, so gallant, 
-:o virtuous, and so united. How happy for us to see the pre- 
sent prosperous result of the contest, which our toils and 
our blood have shared the honor to support." 

As soon as the government of the United States had learntj 
that it was the intention of the Marquis La Fayette to pay a 
visit to his adopted country, the Representatives of the na- 
ilion, in Congress assembled, requested the President *' to 
offer him a public ship for his accommodation ; and to assure 
lim, in the name of the people of this great Republic, that they 
;herished for him a grateful and affectionate attachment." 
But he very politely declined the offer, and chose a private 
onveyance. 

The Legislature of Massachusetts also, at its session in 
^une, adopted a resolve, " requesting the Governor to 
nake such arrangements, as would secure to this distinguish- 
;d friend of our country an honorable reception on the part 
)f this State, and authorising him to draw any sum from the 
)ublic treasury to meet the expences arising thereupon." 

The Society of Cincinnati of Massuchusetts, at their anni- 
versary meeting on the 4th of July, it being then expected 
hat General La Fayette would soon visit the United States, 
manimously passed the following vote : " It being reportedj 
hat General La Fayette, an original member of the Society 
f Cincinnati, intends visiting the United States in the course 
f the present year, voted, that a Committee be appointed to 
onsider what measures it will be proper for this Society to 
dopt on the arrival of this our distinguished brother ; whose 
leritorious and disinterested services to our country in the 
7ar of the revolution, cannot be too highly appreciated, and 
/hose life has been devoted to the vindication of the rights 
f man." A committee was then appointed for the purpose, 
f which the Honorable John Brooks (late Governor) was 
Ue chairman. 

Letters were written to General La Fayette, before he 
?ft France, by several distinguished individuals, and by the 
19 



»4' 



218 MEMOIRS OF 

Mayor of New-York and of Boston, in the name and beliii 
of those corporations, expressing a strong desire, that h 
would visit America, as it was reported he intended, and in 
forming him of the universal and sincere disposition of tl 
citizens, to present him a tribute of esteem and gratitude. jo 

In a letter dated at Paris, May 26, in reply to the invita-rle 
tion of the citizens of Boston, communicated to him by tli - ' 
Mayor, in their name, under date of March 20th, 1824, 1 
observed, " that amidst the new and high marks of benevo l; 
lence which the people of the United States and their Rep- ,, 
resentatives had lately deigned to confer upon him, he wa^|\i 
proud and happy to recognize those particular sentiments o^ 
the citizens of Boston, which had blessed and delighted thcj 
first years of his public career, the grateful sense of whicWif 
had ever been to him a most valued reward and support. 'Tn 
" I joyfully anticipate the day," he added, " not very remoteJ |j 
thank God, when I may revisit the cradle of American, an(li|( 
in future, 1 hope, of universal liberty. Your so honorablalf 
and gratifying invitation would have been directly compliecBj,, 
with, in the case to which you are pleased to allude. But! 
while I profoundly feel the honor intended by the offer of 
national ship, I hope I shall incur no blame, by the determi 
ation I have taken, to embark as soon as it is in my powe 
on board a private vessel. Whatever port I first attain,!,^, 
shall with the same eagerness hasten to Boston, and presentfi 
its beloved and revered inhabitants, as I have now the honor ,,, 
to offer it to the City Council and to yourself, the homage of 
my affectionate gratitude and devoted respect.-' 

When this letter of La Fayette was communicated to thcj 
Common Council of the city, a large and respectable com- 
mittee was chosen " to make suitable arrangements for his 
reception, should he first arrive at the port of Boston ; and 
that on his visiting this city, should he disembark at som^ 
other place in the United States, the committee provide foi 
his accommodation, during his residence here ; and to adopt 
all such measures as they might deem proper, to extend tc 
him the hospitality of the city, and to exhibit the feelings o 
gratitude, which the whole body of citizens entertain for the 
splendid services, ardent patriotism, and private worth ol 
the illustrious visitor," 

Honorable Mr. Lloyd, Senator from the State of Massa- 
chusetts, in the Congress of the United States, and particu- 
larly attached to La Fayette from family alliances, on hearr 



LA FAYETTE. 219 

ig of his intended visit to America, also addressed a friendly 
3te to him, at an early day, requesting the honor of receiv* 
ig him at his hospitable mansion. But the city authorities 
ere desirous, that General La Fayette, who might be justly 
:)nsidered the guest of the people and of the nation, should 
e accommodated by the city in a more public manner : and 
[r. Lloyd, with his usual courtesy and regard to public opin- 
•n, resigned his particular claims, although he was among 
le first and most eminent of the citizens of Boston, to show 
eculiar and distinguished attention to the favorite of the 
merican people. 

Jn his answer to the letter of Mr. Lloyd, he says, " in 
hatever part of the United States I shall find myself, on 
caching the beloved shore of America, 1 shall lose no time 
I my eagerness to revisit the city of Boston, and answer the 
attering invitation I have received. You do justice to the 
elight 1 shall feel, at tlie sight of the felicity and prosperity 
hich is the reward of a virtuous revolution, founded on thf 
rinciples of true liberty and self-government." 

On Monday the 6th of July, 1824, the Americans in Paris 
elebrated the anniversary of American independence.- — 
eneral La Fayette, and Mr. Brown, minister of the United 
tates, honored the company with their presence. Mr. 
rving, ex-minister to Spain, chairman, proposed the health 
f La Fayette, which he introduced with a few appropriate 
^marks ; to which La Fayette thus replied : 

" When I had last the honor of dining with you in public, 
expressed my anxious desire to visit the beloved soil of 
pe United States ; the new manifestations of American good 
hll, which I have since then received, have induced me to 
asten to enjoy the happy voyage thither. It is with tlic 
lost tender gratitude that I thank you for your congratula- 
|ons, and your good wishes, under the prospect I have of 
hding myself in a few days on my way to America, under 
je old flag of the revolution, liberty and independence.'* 

General La Fayette concluded with the following toast : 

" To the holy alliance of all the friends of liberty and 
quality, and may the enemies of the cause of Independence 
ever succeed in their intrigues to divide, where they cannot 



/22U MEMOIRS OF 

General La Fayette, having already engaged a passage fo 
America on board the packet ship Cadmus, Captain Allyn^ 
then lying at Havre, continued but a few days at Paris ; an< r'': 
after taking leave of his numerous friends and acquaintance 
set out directly for Havre to commence his voyage. 

*' As it was expected that the General would arrive ear! 
in the afternoon of the 12th, several merchants, and a gre 
number of young men left this at 2 P. M. in carriages, gi 
and on horseback, to go out and meet Monsieur La Fayett 
at Harfleur, (6 miles from Havre,) and accompany him int 
town. The American Consul, and all the American gentle 
men, and captains of ships in the harbor, intended also pay-' 
ing that compliment to the General ; but the Sans Prefet^ ' ^ 
notified to the Consul, that the Americans must not do so. 

" The road for two miles out of town continued crowded 
from Sin the afternoon till dark, when no tidings of the Gen- 
eral having come, the people returned into town, where 
they remained in groups all the evening. Havre presentetl 
the appearance of a town in danger of an enemy's approach^ 
The guards were doubled at all the posts ; patroles of sol 
diers, police-men and gen d'armes, marched about, and pre 
vented the crowd from collecting in any one spot. 

" At a quarter past 10 the General arrived in a post car 
riage, with his son and secretary. They were accompanied 
by the carriages that had gone out from Havre, and about 100 
young men on horseback, all dressed alike. A strong body 
of gen-d^armes escorted the cavalcade. On arriving at the 
entrance of the city, the gates were shut, and the guard 
drawn out with fixed bayonets. It was then asked if it was 
the Marquis de La Fayette, who was there, and on being 
answered that it was General La Fayette, the gate was open 
ed to admit his carriage, and closed immediately, to prevent 
the entry of any of those who had gone out to meet the Gen 
eral. After repeated and unavailing attempts to get in, and 
expostulating with the officer on guard, this latter assured 
the gentlemen, on his honor, that if they would go to the' 
Poste de Pincettes, (a gate at the rear side of the city, and pI 
mile from the principal one,) they would be admitted. On 
presenting themselves at that gate, it was closed, and they 
were desired to go back to the principal gate, where they 
were admitted, two by two, at intervals, and the names o" 
severai taken. 



LA FAYETTE. 221 

" In the mean time the GcneriJ proceeded to the hous« 
:>rMr. Philippon, (a most respectable merchrtnt,) where an 
Ic^ant dinner was provided, and a large party waiting to re- 
ceive him. — In the course of the entertainment, a stone was 
thrown by some miscreant in through one of the window?, 
which passed c lose to the head of one of the gentlemen. On 
the morning of the ISth, crowds again assembled to witness 
the embarkation of the General, and the streets presented 
the same appearance, as the evening before. A party of sol- 
diers was drawn up opposite the Cadmus, on the custom- 
house quay, where it was supposed the embarkation would 
t.ike place. — Every impediment waa used to prevent ihe 
people from shewing any mark of respect. The Cadmus, 
in consequence of the tide's falling, was obliged to haul out 
into the roads. The General, accompanied by a body of 
g«^*ntlemen, arrived, and went on board the steam boat, which 
>% :i>! previously cleared by order of the Police, who would 
not allow him to embark whilst any one of the tov.nn-as on 
board. They also hauled down the tlag belonging to the 
boat, and would not let it be hoisted whilst ">!. La Fayette 
was on board. The gates were shut, to prevent the people 
go. eg to the pier-head to take a last view of the General. 
lIoN^ever, in this their elTorts were unavailing, as every boat 
thui could be had, was immediately filled, and folloT.eii the 
stoam boat to the Cadmus, then two miles od'. A gen-d'arm 
and a police officer went out in the Cadmus, to prevent any 
cne but the General and his suite going on board. On his 
coming along side, he was received with hearty and repeated 
cheers from the ship, which were returned tVom the boats, 
and a few persons on shore, who had got cut and assembled 
about half a mile from the pier, (to be out of the way of th^ 
military, as there was a strong gu^.rdat: the pier-head.) This 
closed the scene." 

As soon as the government of the United States had learnt, 
that it was the intention of the Marquis La Fayette to em- 
bai k for America at this time, the President caused the M^ 
}o\' ing orders to be issued trom the Department of War. 
Adjutant General's O^Sce, > 
Washington, llth August, 1824. f 
Orders — No. 64. 

The President of the United Spates directs, that General 
La Fayette, when he arrives in this couatry, be received at 
19» 



22^ MEMOIRS OF LA FAYETTE. 

all military posts with the honors due to the highest miiitarv 
rank in our service. 

The General-in-Chief pubhshes the foregoing to the army, 
by direction of the Secretary of War. 



i 

i 



We have witnessed the rising character of the young. 
Marquis La Fayelte in France, the early honours he eu- 
joyed at the court of Louis XVL his honorable and happy 
alliance with the ancient house of Noailles, his zeal in the 
cause of liberty, and the rights of man, that led him to 
America, in the year 1777 ; the distinguished and honour- 
able part he took in the American revolution, the zeal, 
courage and magnanimity he displayed in the righteous 
-cause through the war. We have witnessed the unbounded 
esteem and attachment that have been uniformly manifested 
for his person and character, by Congress, the Commander- 
in-chief, and by the officers and soldiers of the American 
army. We have followed him home to France, and witnes- 
sed the affection and confidence he received from the king, 
the queen, the court and the nation ; particularly the high 
popularity he justly acquired in the French Revolution, and 
the zeal he there displayed for the best interest of the gov- 
ernment and nation. We have seen how his best labours 
were blasted by the violence of the Jacobin clubs, and 
through their persecuting malice, have followed him into ex- 
ile, and a long five years imprisonn>ent in the dungeons of 
Olmutz. We have seen him agam restored to the bosom of 
his family and his country, and there called to witness a suc- 
cession of revolutions in the government of France, down 
to the fall of the Emperor Napoleon, and the restoration of 
the Bourbons. Through all these great and eventful chang- 
es we have witnessed |the vir tenax propositi^ without the 
slightest change or variation of those principles of true and 
rational liberty and of the rights of man, with which he 
t!ommenced his public career of glory in 1777. ■ 

We will now accompany him to the shores of his adopted 
country, and witness the scenes that are to follow, from the 
spontaneous emotions of more than 10,000,000 of free and 
■grateful citizens, who, with open arms, are ready to hail him 
as the friend and benefactor of these United States. 



THE TOUR 

OF 

OENERAL LA FAYETTE 

rhrousH tiif UniUti State.s. 



CHAPTER X. 

LANDIXG OF THE NATION's GUEST^ AT NEW-YORK, AND HI^ 
VISIT TO THE EASTERN STATES IN' 1824. 

As soon as it was known in the United States that the Mar- 
quis La Fayette had once more embarked for the shores ot' 
his adopted country, a general joy pervaded the nation, and 
all cla:^es of citizens were prepared to take a lively interest 
in his arrival. The cities of New York and Boston particu- 
larly, anticipated the event with some degree of impatience, 
and entered into sach general arrangements for his recep- 
tion, as were best calculated to do honor to themselves and 
their illustrious guest. 

General La Fayette, accompanied by his son, George Wash- 
ington La Fayette. Mr. Augnste Le Vasseur a companion, 
and one servant, arrived in the harbour of New York on the 
morning of the 13th of August, in the ship Cadmus, captain 
AUyn, after a pleasant passage of 31 days from Havre. Th*' 
fact of his arrival was made known by the Telegraph at an 
early hour, and it spread through the city with electrical ra- 
pidity. Broadway was soon thronged, and the Battery crowd- 
ed with people, who sallied forth with the expectation that 
the hero and veteran of two revolutions, might come directly 
to the city. The arrangements of the city authorities, how- 
ever, for his reception, having been seasonably communica- 
ted to him, he landed at Statea Island, and was conducted to 
the seat of the Vice President, where he remained through 
the day, and passed the night. Fort La Fayette fired a salute 



224 THE TOUR OF 

as the ship passed, and a handsome salute was lired as thr 
General landed. 

In the city the national flag was immediately hoisted anii 
displayed at all the public places during the day. 

The following interesting extract of the proceedings, upon 
reception of the Marquis La Fayette into Ihe city of New 
York, on Monday, the 16th of August, will shew the feelin^- 
of the citizens on the occasion. 

Arrangements of the Corporation. 

The committee of arrangements of the Corporation have 
the pleasure to announce to their fellow citizens the arrival 
of the distinguished guest of their country, the Marquis de 
La Fayette. 

The following are the arrangements made for his recep- 
tion in the city : 

The Committee of Arrangements of the Corporation, th(' 
Generals and other officers of the United States Army, the 
officers of the Navy, the Major Generals and the Brigadier 
Generals of the Mihtia, the President of the Chamber of 
Commerce, the Committee from the Society of Cincinnati, 
will proceed at 9 o'clock this day, to Staten Island, where 
the Marquis is lodged, and escort him to the city. Thej- 
will be accompanied by the steam boats, all with decorations, 
except that in which the Marquis is embarked, which will 
only have the flag of the United States, and the flag of New- 
York ; bands of music being in each. 

The Marquis' embarkation will be announced by a salute 
from Fort La Fayette, and the steam ship Robert Fulton. 

The forts in the harbour will also salute as the vesseL- 
pass. 

The masters of vessels arc requested to hoist their flags 
at mast head, and where convenient, to dress their vessels. 

The bells of the ci^ will be rung from 12 to 1 o'clock. 

The portrait room of the City Hall is appropriated to the 
Marquis, where, during his stay, he will after this day, be- 
tween the hours of 12 and £ o'clock, receive the visits of 
such of the citizeiis as are desirous of paying their respects 
to him. 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 25.: 



The Committee of Arrangements of the Corporation hav 
ing accepted the proffered services of the steam-ship Robert 
Fulton, and the steam-boats Chancellor Livingston, Oliver 
Ellsworth, Henry Eckford, Connecticut, Bellona, Olive 
Branch, Nautilus, &c. ; they were all superbly dressed with 
flags and streamers of every nation, and directed to meet and 
form an aquatic escort between the south part of the Battery 
and Governor's Island, and thence proceed in order w 
Staten Island. The spectacle, as the boats were assemblings 
was truly interesting and beautiful. The Battery was crowd- 
id with respectable people of both sexes ; Castle Garden, 
was tilled, and every boat that arrived to take its station, 
was completely crowded with elegant dressed ladies and gen- 
tlemen. The appearance of the Robert Fulton, as she 
came down East River, from the Navy Yard, escorted bv' 
he Connecticut and Oliver Ellsworth, all superbly decora- 
ted, was rich beyond description. Her yards were manned 
o the ronnd-tops, with about 200 seamen from the Consti- 
ation, who made an elegant appearance, and a battalion of 
narines, under the command of Major Smith, was on board, 
vith a band of music, and many of the Naval Oflicers upon 
uis station, together with several ladies and private gentle- 
men. 

Arrived at the place of rendezvous, the several vessels 
comprising the fleet took their station, and proceeded in reg- 
ular order to the quarantine, as follows : — First, the Chan- 
cellor Livingston, on board of which were the committee of 
the Corporation, Major General Morton and suite, a number 
of the members of the Cincinnati, including Colonels Wil- 
lette, Varick, Trumbull, Piatt, and others, together with a 
few ladies, several officers and professors from West Point, 
accompanied by the excellent military band attached to that 
institution. On the right of the Chancellor, and about a 
length in rear, was the Connecticut, and on the left, to cor- 
respond, was the Oliver Ellsworth. Directly in the rear ot 
the Chancellor, was the Robert Fulton, whose lofty masts 
and wide-spread arms, which Hterally swarmed with men, 
towered proudly above her less pretending, but not less gay 
and beautiful consorts. On the right of the Robert Fulton, 
about a length in the rear, was the Bellona, and on the left, 
the Henry Eckford, in a station to correspond ; and tire 



226 THE TOUR OF 

squadron was closed bj' the Olive Branch and Nautilus. The 
signals exchanged, and the steam-boats having attained their 
stations, as above stated, the squadron got under weigh, 
amidst the cheers of thousands of delighted spectators. The 
view of this fleet will perhaps never be forgotten. It wa« 
not only unique, but bej'ond a doubt, one of the most splen- 
did spectacles ever witnessed on this part of the globe. 
The squadron, bearing six thousand of our fellow citizens, 
majestically took her course towards Slaten Island, there tn 
lake on board our long expected and honoured guest. At 
1 o'clock the fleet arrived at Staten Island, and in a few 
minutes, a Landau was seen approaching the Hotel, near tlm ' 
ferry. The Marquis, the Vice-President, and the Ex-Gov- 
ernor Ogden, of New-Jersey, having alighted, a procession 
was formed, and the venerable stranger, supported by these 
gentlemen, followed by all the officers of the Island, and a 
crowd of citizens, passing through a triumphal arch, round 
which was tastefully entwined the French and American 
colours. As soon as the Marquis and suite entered on thr 
broad stairs, connected with, and leading to the steam-boar 
which was to convey him to the city, he was received by the 
committee of the Common Council, who conducted him on 
board the Chancellor Livingston. On entering this splendid 
vessel, the marines paid him militarj'^ honours. He was now 
introduced to the committees from most of our honoured 
Associations, and the General Officers, representing the In- 
fantry. The West Point band all this time was playing **See 
the Conquering Hero Comes," " On pent on etre mieux.^' 
"•' Hail Columbia," and the " Marseilles Hymn." The steam 
ship now fired a salute, and the whole squadron got under 
weigh for the city, in the same order as before, except that 
the Bellona and Olive Branch, flistened each side of the 
Cadmus, (the ship which brought the General from France,) 
decorated with colours, and filled with passengers, majesti- 
cally moved up the Bay. The sea was smooth and placid, 
and the breeze cool and agreeable. Decidedly the most in- 
teresting sight, was the reception of the General by his old 
companions in arms : Colonel Marinus Willette, now in his 
eighty-fifth year. General Van Courtland, General Clarkson, 
and the other worthies, whom we have mentioned. Colonel 
Fish, General Lewis, and several of his comrades were ab- 
sent. He embraced them all affectionately, and Colonel 



GENEllAL LA FAYETTE. 227 

AVillette again and again. He knew and remembered them 
all. It was a re-union of a long separated family. 

After the ceremony of embracing and congratulations were 
over, he sat down along-side of Colonel Willet, who grew 
young again, and fought all his battles o'er. " Do you re- 
member," said he, " at the battle of Monmouth, I was vol- 
unteer aid to General Scott ? I saw you in the heat of bat- 
tle. You were but a boy, but you were a serious and sedate 
lad. Aye, aye ; I remember well. And on the Mohawk, I 
sent you lifty Indians, and you wrote me, that they set up 
such a yell, that they frightened the British horse, and they 
'•an one way and the Indians another." 

No person who ^witnessed this interview, will ever forget 
it ; many an honest tear was shed on the occasion. The 
young men retired at a little distance, while the venerable 
soldiers were indulging recollections, and were embracing 
each other again and again ; and the surrounding youth silent- 
ly dropt the tear they could no longer restrain. Sach sin- 
cere, such honest feelings, were never more plainly or 
truely expressed. The sudden changes of the countenance 
of the Marquis, plainly evinced the emotions he endeavored 
to suppress. He manfully supported this truly trying situa- 
tion for some time, when a revolutionary story from the ven- 
erable Willette, recalled circumstances long passed : the in- 
cident, the friend alluded to, made the Marquis sigh ; and his 
swelling heart was relieved, when he burst into tears. The 
sympathetic feelings extended to all present ; and even the 
hardy tar rubbed away the tear he could no longer restrain. 
The scene was too affecting to be continued, and one of the 
Cincinnati, anxious to divert the attention of the Marquis, 
his eyes floating with tears, announced the near approach of 
the steam-ship. The Marquis advanced to the quarter rail- 
ing, where he was no sooner perceived by the multitude, 
than an instantaneous cheer most loudly expressed the delight 
they experienced. The other steam-boats in succession, 
presented themselves, and passed, each giving three enthusi- 
astic cheers. The Marquis was delighted, ancf especially 
with the activity and quickness, with which 200 of our gal- 
lant seamen manned the yards of the steam frigate, previous 
to the salute. About 2 o'clock P. M. the fleet arrived off 
the Battery. What an impressive scene — 3000 men, mak- 
ing a splendid appearance, formed in line with a battering 



228 THE TOUR OF 

train. The ramparts and parapets of the Castle, were hnec 
with ladies and gentlemen. The flag-staff, the windows, and 
even the roofs of the houses facing the Bay, were literally 
crowded with spectators. Hundreds of boats and wherr}^^ 
surrounded the Battery. The Marquis left the Chancellor 
Livingston in a barge, commanded by Lieutenant Mix, of the 
Navy, accompanied by the committee of the Corporation, 
and the Cincinnati, the Generals of Infantry, &c. ; and land- 
ed amidst the cheers and acclamations of 30,000 people, who 
filled the Castle, Battery, and surrounding grounds withiu 
sight. The Marquis now entered the Castle, which was 
tastefully carpeted from the landing place to the receiving 
rooms. He then partook of some refreshment, and was in- 
troduced to some distinguished citizens. Perceiving the 
restless anxiety ot nearly 3000 persons in the Castle, to see 
the General, the Marquis advanced to the centre of the erea 
of the Castle, and was greeted with loud cheers, expressive 
of as honest and generous feelings, as were ever spontane- 
ously manifested by any people on the face of the earth. 
From Castle Garden he proceeded with the appointed com- 
mittee, and the military and naval officers, to review the line 
of troops from the division of state artillery, under the 
command of Brigadier General Benedict. The muster was, 
on this occasion, unusually numerous and splendid, each 
corps vying with the others in paying a tribute of respect to 
the soldier of the revolution, the friend and companion of 
Washington. After the review, the General entered a ba- 
rouche, drawn by four horses, accompanied at the request 
of the committee, by General Morton, 
i The committee of the Corporation, accompanied by the 
General's son, George Washington La Fayette, and his sec- 
retary, Mr. La Vasseur, followed the carriages. The Gen- 
eral was escorted by a corps of cavalry, and at the head of the 
column of the troops, proceeded up Broadway to the City 
Hall. The crowds which had assembled to pay honour to 
the respected visitor, and to be gratified with a view of his 
person, were such as almost to* prevent the passage of the 
carriages and the troops. The scene could not but have 
afforded to the General the most delightful gratifications. — 
The houses to the very roofs were filled with spectators, and 
^.0 the incessant cheers of the multitude, graceful females 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 229 

sigaified their welcome by the silent, but not less graceful 
and affecting testimony of the waving of handkerchiefs. 

Arrived at the City Hall, the Marquis was conducted by 
the committee to the Common Council chamber, where thp 
corporation were assembled. The members of the Common 
Council rose on his entrance, and upon being presented by 
the Chairman, Alderman Zabriskie, to the Mayor, his hon 
our addressed him in the following speech : — 

Address of the Mayor, 

General — In the name of the municipal authority of the 
city, I bid you a sincere welcome to the shores of a country, 
of whose freedom and happiness you will ever be consider 
ed one of the most honoured and beloved founders. 

Your only contemporaries in arms, of whom indeed bu\ 
tew remain, have not forgot, and their posterity will never 
forget, the young and gallant Frenchman who consecrated 
his youth, his talents, his fortune and his exertions, to their 
cause — who exposed his life — who shed his blood, that they 
might become free and happy. They will recollect with 
profound emotion, so long as they remain worthy of the lib- 
erties they enjoy, and of the exertions you made to obtain 
them, that you came to them in the darkest period of their 
s?truggle — that you linked your fortune with theirs, when if 
seemed almost hopeless — that you shared in the dangers, 
privations and sufferings of that bitter struggle, nor quitted 
them for a moment, till it was consummated on the glorious 
field of Yorktown. Half a century has passed since thai 
great event, and in that time your name has become as dear 
to the friends, and as inseparably connected with the cause of 
freedom, in the old, as in the new world. 

The people of the United States look up to you as to on* 
of their most honoured parents — the country cherishes you 
as one of the most beloved of her sons. I hope and trust, 
sir, that not only the present, but future conduct of my coun 
trymen, to the latest period of time, will, among other slan 
ders, refute the unjust imputation, that republics are always 
ungrateful to their benefactors. 

In behalf of my fellow citizens of New York, and speak- 
ing the warm and universal sentiments of the whole people 
of the United States, I repeat their welcome to our comma r 
country. 

20 



?30 TliE TOUR OF 

Permit rae to add, that the moment of my life, to which I 
shall look back with the greatest pleasure and pride, will be 
tliat, in \yhich it fell to my lot, to be an organ, for expressing, 
however feeble, a nation's gratitude. 

General La Fayette's answer. 

Sir— While lam so affectionately received by the citizens 
of New-York and their worthy representatives, 1 feel my- 
self overwhelmed with inexpressible emotions. The sight 
of the American shore, after so long an absence, the recol- 
lection of the many respected friends and dear companions, 
no more to be found on this land, the pleasure to recognize 
those who have survived, this immense concourse of a free 
republican population, who so kindly welcome me, the admir- 
able appearance of the troops, the presence of a corps of 
the National Navy, have excited sentiments, to which no hu- 
man language can be adequate. You have been pleased, sir, 
to allude to the happiest times, the unalloyed enjoyments of 
my public life ; it is the pride of my. heart to have been one 
of the earliest adopted sons of America ; I am proud also to 
add, that upwards of forty years ago I have been particularly 
honoured with the freedom of this city. I beg you, Mr. 
Mayor, I beg you, gentlemen, to accept yourselves, and to 
transmit to the citizens of New York, the homage of my 
profound, and everlasting gratitude, devotion and respect. 

The General and his son were then introduced to the 
members of the common council individually. 

After the adjournment of the Common Council, the Mar- 
quis received the marching salute in front of the City Hall, 
and again entered the Hall, accompanied by his son and suite, 
and in the Governor's room received the Society of the 
Cincinnati, composed of his surviving brothers and compan- 
ions in the field, a small number of whom still remain to 
meet and congratulate their long absent, but highly respect- 
ed friend and fellow soldier. Here also he was met by the 
officers of the army and navy, and many citizens and stran- 
gers. From the Hall he was accompanied by the Common 
Council, and many distinguished persons, to the City Hotel to 
dine, escorted by the militia. 

,The whole exhibition, from the landing at the Battery, to 
the time of the dispersion of the people at the Park, was in 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 231 

i\ high degree interesting and gratifying. The numbers col- 
lected were perhaps unequalled on any former festive occa- 
sion. The bells of the different churches rang a merry peal 
The houses through Broadway were filled with spectators 
of the first respectability, and the street was crowded with 
people. Ev'ery expression of good feeling was manifested 
from the windows, doors, and side-walks ; the stranger was 
welcomed with unfeigned cordiality ; and we think it must 
have afforded to the Marquis an unusual degree of delight to 
find that his services were remembered and acknowledged, 
nnd his name cherished by a free and grateful people. * 

The day Avas singularly fine for the occasion — the water 
scene exceeded in splendour and effect, any thing of the kind 
that has ever been exhibited here. The appearance of the 
military was highly creditable in equipments, movements, 
and discipline ; and we have not a doubt their appearance, 
when contrasted by his recollection with the suffeiing troops 
of the war of Independence, must have made a deep im- 
pression upon the Marquis' mind. 

In the evening all the public places were brilliantly light- 
ed, rockets were thrown up, and the streets were thronged 
to a late hour. Castle Garden, particularly where General 
La Fayette landed, and where he remained for some time, 
on his first reaching this city, was brilliantly illuminated last 
evening, and crowded with beauty and fashion. 

The following appropriate lines, were written while view- 
ing the procession upon the %vater, and will undoubtedly bt- 
considered as interesting, as well as appropriate to the occa* 
sion : 

Hail to the HERO ! who comes to re-visit 

The land where he peril'd life, fortune, and fame x 

Hail to the HERO ! his age shall inherit 

The honours his youth has won for his name. 

Hail to the HERO ! — shout millions of voices. 
Enjoying the freedom secured by his toil ; 
Hail to the HERO ! — a nation rejoices, 
To welcome its guest, return'd to its soil. 



>e32 THE TOUR OF 

On Wednesday morning, the 18th, in compUance with an 
invitation from Captain Rodgers, commandant of the Navy 
Yard, General La Fayette, attended by the Committee of Ar- 
rangements, and a select circle of ladies and gentlemen, pro- 
ceeded in the elegant steam-boat Chancellor Kent, to visit 
■he Navy Yard at Brooklyn. 

The Marquis left his lodgings at the City Hotel, at half 
past 9 o'clock, in a carriage ; and as he entered it, he was 
warmly cheered by a large concourse of people who had 
assembled in front of the hotel to see him. The steam-boat 
# ^eft the dock immediately on his arrival on board, and the 
^"t'elkin again rang with the cheers of the thousands on shore. 

As the James Kent, passed the Grampus, lying in the 
. , orth River, a salute of 21 guns was tired. 

The Kent then proceeded round the battery and up East 
River, until she came to anchor at thp dock erected in the 
harbor, where the steam-frigate is moored, when the Mar- 
quis and the ladies and gentlemen of the party disembarked — 
the United States frigate Constellation tiring at the same time 
a salute of 21 guns. On landing, he was received by three 
cheers from 200 sailors drawn up for the occasion. 

The General then went on board of the steam-frigate, and 
was much pleased with the construction of this formidable 
r«nd uniqe naval battlement. 

On returning, the jolly tars gave three more hearty cheers, 
and the General proceeded in a barge to the Navy Yard : 
when another salute of 21 guns was fired on his landing, and 
he was received by a battalion of marines. 

The General was then conducted on board the Washington 
74, where refreshments were provided for the whole party. 
After refreshing himself, the General took a rapid survey ox 
the ships, and those now building, and returned on board 
the Kent, when another salute was fired by the Constitution. 

In re-passing the Grampus, another salute was fired, and 
the sides were manned and three cheers given by the patri- 
otic crew. 

At 1 o'clock, the boat again came to the wharf, and the 
General disembarked — having enjoyed a charming excursion, 
and been much gratified with viewing the works, and witness 
i^ng the admirable order and discipline preserved. 

Great credit is due to Captain Rodgers, and the officers, 
for the manner in which the compliment to the Marquis was 
conducted. 



'general la FAYETTE. ^dS 

Upon the return of the Marquis La Fayette from theKavy 
Yard on Wednesday, he was introduced, with his son, to the 
Historical Society, at their room in the Institution, at 2 
o'clock P. M. According to a resolution, passed the day 
before, they were made members of the Society. The 
President, Dr. ^osack, in his speech to the Marquis, said : 

" General La Fayette — In compliance with the unanimous 
resolutions of the New York Historical Society, I have the 
gratification to announce to you your election as an honoura- 
ry member of this institution, and to present to you a copy of 
their transactions. 

" In announcing to you the resolution of this society, permit 
me to observe, that it was the exclusive object m the for- 
mation of this institution, to collect, preserve, and record 
the materials appertaining to the history of our state and 
country. Among these, none have been so precious as those 
relating to the Revolution, in which you bore a memorable, 
and distinguished part, and to whom, under providence, our 
country is signally indebted for its independence, and the 
prosperity and success that have followed in its train. 

" In the name of this institution, I also tender to you their 
congratulations upon your safe arrival, which affords you the 
opportunity to witness the happy condition of that country 
in whose behalf, the sword of your youth was drawn, and 
personally to bear your testimony to the blessings which 
have followed the achievements that have been accomplish- 
ed by the united efforts of a Washington, and his illustrious 
companions in arms. General, my bosom glows at the asso- 
ciations which these events bring to our recollection, and 
every heart in this assembly throbs with inexpressible emo- 
tions at the sight of the hero who this day enters their Hall, 
and confers a lasting'honour upon the sittings of this Society. 
"Long, long, Sir, may you live to enjoy the homage so 
justly due, and spontaneously offered from the hearts of a 
free and grateful people, for the services you have rendered 
to this nation, to the world, to liberty, and to the ever memo- 
rable establishment of the only example on earth — a pure 
unmixed republican form of government. 

" The same heroic page that records these events, will 
also inscribe in golden capitals the immortal names of Wash- 
^^'GTo^" and La Fayette." 

20* 



n4 THf: TOUR OF ^' 

General La Fayette thereupon rose and replied as f'ol 
lows : — 

^' Sir — With the most lively gratitude, I receive the hon- 
our which the Historical Society of New York have confer- 
red by electing me one of their members. 

'' Permit me also thankfully to acknowledge the flattenng 
manner in which you are pleased to announce this mark ot' 
their benevolence. 

'' The United States, Sir, are the first nation, on the re- 
cords of history, who have founded their constitutions upon 
an honest investigation, and clear definition of their natural 
and social rights. 

'* Nor can we doubt, but that, notwithstanding the combi- 
nations made elsewhere by despotism and aristocracy, against 
Ihose sacred rights of mankind, immense majorities in other 
Countries, shall not in vain observe the happiness and pros- 
perity of a free, virtuous, and enhghtened people." 

The President of the Society next addressed M. George 
Washington La Fayette as follows : 

^' George Washington La Fayette — In accordance with the 
resolution of the New York Historical Society, I have also 
the honour to present you a similar evidence of membership, 
with that conferred upon your illustrious Sire. 

'^ May you, Sir, emulate his talents and his virtues ; and 
may the same undaunted spirit which led him to offer his life 
at the altar of freedom, animate the bosom of the son in the 
same glorious cause." 

To which the following reply was made : 

Sir — I cannot find words adequate to the feelings which I 
experience at this moment. # 

'' Permit me to beg of you to present to the members of 
this Society, the homage of my profound respect and grati- 
tude, for the unexpected honour, at this time conferred upon 
ine." 

The Marquis and his son were then conducted into the. 
Gallery of Fine Arts and the Lyceum, and afterwards return- 
ed to the City Hotel, accompanied by Dr. Hosack, Genera , 
Van Courtlandt, and Aldermen Hone and Wyckoff. 



GENERAL. LA FAYETTE. 23b 

In the evening the General gave a dinner to Captain 
Rodgers and the Naval Officers on this station — after whicli 
he rode out and made several calls. 

At a meeting of the Common Council for the despatch of 
business in the evening, (Wednesday,) Alderman Zabriskie 
made the following remarks : 

" Mr. Mayor — At the request of the committee, appointed 
by the Common Council, for the reception of General La 
Fayette, I rise with no ordinary emotions, to propose for the 
adoption of the Common Council, the two resolutions, now 
before me ; resolutions which I feel justified in asserting, 
will pass with the unanimous approbation of this Board. 
The first, sir, is a resolution, that a committee be appointed 
to wait upon General La Fayette, and request that he will 
be pleased to sit for his Portrait, to be placed either in this 
room, or in the Gallery of Portraits in the City Hall. This 
room in which we meet, to transact the municipal concerns 
of this city, is graced with the full length portraits of a Wash- 
ington, a Clinton, a Jay, and a Hamilton — individuals who 
have established a name which will be transmitted to future 
generations, and which will remain as imperishable as the 
principles upon which are founded the government, under 
which we have the happiness to live, and in the formation of 
which, they took a distinguished part. The Portrait Room 
in your Hall is embellished with the portraits of many of our 
most distinguished citizens, civil, military and naval, and 
who have contributed in no small degree, to establish a na- 
tional character throughout the world — and permit me, sir, 
to add, that there is no individual now living, whose portrait 
will be received with greater admiration and interest, than 
that of our illustrious visitor, General de La Fayette. His 
name is identified with liberty and the rights of man in this, 
and the trans-atlantic world. With these few unpremeditated 
remarks, I now beg leave to submit the Resolutions. 

Whereas the Common Council are desirous of perpetua- 
ting the memory of a man, who will be distinguished in the 
annals of our country, for his love of freedom and military 
glory — ^whose name will be associated by posterity with that 
of Washington, the illustrious founder of our Republic — and 



236 THE TOUR OF 

as the portrait of one so venerated, will be always farourabk J 
to virtue and patriotism : ! 

Resolved, Therefore, that the honourable, the Majori 
General the Marquis de La Fayette, be requested to favour | 
this Common Council, with sitting for his portrait, to bei 
placed in the Gallery of Portraits of the Common Council, 
among those great and good men, who have done honour and I 
service to our country. 

Resolved, That the committee of arrangements be request 
cd to wait upon the Marquis, with a copy of this resolution, 
and on his acceding to the request, that they carry the same 
into effect. 

Resolved, In testimony of the high respect which this-! 
Common Council entertain for George Washington La Fay- 
ette, the son of the Marquis de La Fayette, whose virtues 
we trust he bears with the honoured name of his father, be 
made a Freeman of this city, and that the certificate of free- 
dom, handsomely engrossed, be presented to him in a GoLJ 
den Box. 

Resolved, That the committee of arrangements have the 
above resolution carried into effect. 

Alderman Doughty rose and offered the following resolu- 
tion : 

" Resolved, That the proceedings of this Board, in rela- 
tion to General de La Fayette, together with the address of( 
the Mayor to him, and his answer thereto, with his signa- 
ture in his own proper hand writing, and the signatures of 
the Mayor, Recorder, and the members of the Common 
Council, be handsomely engraved on vellum ; one copy 
thereof to be presented to the General, and one copy to be 
placed among the Archives of the Common Council. 

The committee of arrangements were appointed to carry 
this resolution into effect. 

The above resolutions were unanimously adopted by the 
Board. 

The Mayor read a letter from Captain Francis Allyn, ofi 
the ship Cadmus, presenting a portrait of General La Fay- 
ette to the Corporation, with a request that it might be 
placed in the City Hall. The Board accepted the same, ami 
passed a votes of thanks to Captain Allyn, the donor. 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 257 

To an address of the Gentlemen of the Bar of New- 
York, assembled at the City Hall on Thursday morning, to 
pay the Marquis their respects, he made the following re- 
ply ^ 

" Testimonies of esteem from so respectable a body as the 
Bar of New York, are highly flattering. I most deeply sym- 
pathize with you, gentlemen, in your regret for our friend 
Hamilton, whose prodigious talents made him as eminent in 
your profession, as he had been in our military, when he 
deserved Washington's most intimate confidence. The truly 
i'epublican forms of the American institutions, cannot but 
endear them to every citizen of the United States. Yet, to 
any one, who, with an American heart, has had opportuni- 
ties of a comparison with those of other countries, the bles- 
sings of those institutions must appear still more conspicu- 
ous." 

The same attention was also paid the Marquis by the French 
gentlemen of the city, both residents and citizens. The num- 
ber of his countrymen present on this occasion, including the 
respectable and wealthy individuals of that nation, amounted 
to more than two hundred and fifty : and an address was 
delivered in their behalf by Mr. Chegary, in the Frenc^i lan- 
guage. Among the party collected, we understand he recog- 
nized an old fellow soldier, who had fought under him inthin 
country during the revolutionary war, and had served in the 
French army twenty-tive years. 

To the affectionate address of the French gentlemen the 
the Marquis La Fayette replied as follows : 

" It is a great happiness for me, on my arrival in this land 
of liberty, to receive the address of my countrymen. 

" At the moment of my departure, the testimonials of affec- 
tionate attachment of many of my fellow citizens, the part- 
ing accents from the shores of France, left in my heart the 
most grateful emotions. I delight to participate with you. 
the feelings which I experienced in this happj American 
land, to which I am bound by so many ties. VVe also, pat- 
riots of 1789, sought to establish the national dignity, the 
security of property, and the happiness of our beautiful 
France, upon the sacred foundations of liberty and equality. 
Notwithstanding our misfortunes, the cotcmporaries of that 



2.38 THE TOUR OF 

epoch will inform yon, that the revolution of '89, has greatly 
ameliorated the condition of an immense majority of the peo- 
ple. Do not let us despair of the cause of liberty i it is still 
dear to the hearts of Frenchmen ; and we shall one day 
have the felicity of seemg it established in our beloved 
country." 

At 12 o'clock, the Nautical Society, chiedy composed of 
our most respectable masters of vessels, assembled onboard 
the ship Cadmus, Captain Allyn, where they were formed in 
regular order, and proceeded through some of our principal 
streets, to the City Hall. Here they were severally introdu- 
ced to the General, who received them in his usual frank 
and cordial manner. — Many of the members he recognized 
as old acquaintances, and expressed his gratification at meet- 
ing them, in the warmest terms. 

The packet ship Cadmus, in which the General arrived, 
was dressed with the flag of all nations : and in compliance 
with a public invitation, thousands of our citizens repaired 
on board in the course of the day, and partook of a cold col- 
lation, liberally prepared by Captain Allyn and her owners. 
After the Marquis' arrival at New York, he early announc- 
ed his? intention to visit Boston, where he had been particu- 
larl/ invited by distinguished individuals, and by the city au- 
thority ; especially as the commencement at the University 
in Cambridge, the literary jubilee of the State, was to be cel- 
ebrated in a few days. While in N. York, he received invi- ■ 
ations by committees or letters, from Philadelphia, Albany. 
New Haven, Hartford, and some other cities, to mako ;> 
visit to those places respectfully ; but his desire was tirst 
to visit Boston, if possible. 

The interesting and impressive visit at New York thus- 
being closed — at an early hour on Friday morning, a scene 
of general bustle and activity commenced, preparatory to the 
departure of the General for Boston. His suite consisted 
of his son, and M. La Vasseur, who accompanied him on his 
voyage from France, and four of the Alderman of N. York. 
The city corporation had provided an elegant carriag:! to ac- 
commodate him on his journey to Boston, and deputed four ofi 
their number to attend him on his route. x\t 7 o'clock, the 
Horse Artillery, commanded by Colonel Arcularius, para- 
ded in Broadway,* in front of Washington Hall ; and at 8 



GENERAL LA FA'^ETTE. 239 

>'clock, they took up their line of march to Harlaem, where 
:hey superceded the escort which accompanied him to 
;hat place. This escort consisted of a squadron of cavalry, 
;he Corporation in carriages, the Fayette Guards, the Gen- 
eral, Field, and Staff officers of the Artillery and Infantry of 
he city, and a number of citizens mounted. The General 
jreakfasted with Philip Hone, Esq. at half past 7, and re- 
paired immediately afterwards to his lodgings at the City 
ilotel, whence the whole cavalcade moved up Broadway, to 
Bond-street ; and thence up the Third Avenue. The streets 
vere thronged with people, and the General, who rode un- 
covered, repeatedly returned their expressions of kindness 
md attachment, by bowing. 

The General was met at Harlaem, on Friday morning, by 
jrideon Coggeshall and L. M. H. Butler, Esq'rs. a deputation 
Vom the town of New Rochelle, who presented him with 
he following address : 

" The inhabitants of the town of New Rochelle, have 
leputed Gideon Coggeshall and Laird M. H. Butler, to wait 
m Major General La Fayette, to express to him their hap- 
piness, on his safe arrival, in the bosom of that. country, for 
vhose liberty he so nobly fought and bled, and to request him 
;o allow them the pleasure of expressing personally to him 
:heir feelings of gratitude for his important services, in that 
irduous struggle, from which emanated that glorious inde- 
pendence, now their proudest boast." 

The deputation joined the escort, on their taking up the 
line of march from Harlaem. At West Farms, at West Ches- 
ter, and East Chester, the inhabitants were assembled en 
aiasse ; and the waving of handherchiefs and scarfs, amidst 
:he most animated plaudits and cheering, gave the General 
I heartfelt assurance of welcome. The cavalcade of citi- 
'iens on horseback, continued to receive recruits at every 
;own. He arrived at East Chester about noon — the roads 
aeing filled with people, who cheered as he passed. He 
stopped at New Rochelle, and took refreshment at Peeler's 
:avern. A salute of 19 guns was fired, and the crowd of 
seople was very great. " Do you remember. General,'* 
5aid one, " who began the attack at Brandywine ?" " Aha ! 
iTes — it was Maxwell, with the Jersey troops !" " So it 
ivas ! so it was I" replied the delighted interrogator. 



240 THE TOUR OF 

•* Well, I was with his brigade !" A warm clasp of the hand 
was all the utterance to feehngs, which were meet reward 
for a life spent in the cause of liberty. A salute was fired on 
his arrival at Momaroneck, where a company of soldiers 
were paraded, with a band of music. Among the assemblage 
of persons collected, were three hundred from the manu- 
factory, principally children, together with all the villagers, 
who received him with shouts. The next stopping place 
was Pendfield's, at Rye, where he dined, and was entertain- 
ed during the whole time, with music from several bands. 
On stopping at Mr. Moreman's, at Sawpitts, three miles be- 
yond, to take a glass of wine, he was received by a large 
party of gentlemen on horseback, from that village. White 
Plains, and the neighbourhood, and several excellent bands 
of music. Two masts were erected here, one on each side 
of the road, bearing a red and white pendant ; and displaying 
the name of "La Fayette" over the road. The whole was 
handsomely decorated with evergreens. Having shaken 
hands with hundreds, young and old, and received their 
greetings, still accompanied by many citizens on horseback, 
from the villages all the way from Harlaem, &c. ; he passed 
on to Byram Bridge, the line of New York, where a salute 
was fired. 

At the Bridge he was received by a troop of Connecticut 
Horse Artillery, commanded by Colonel Hempsted, a fine 
looking body of men, who gave him a warm welcome with 
cheers. The first troop of New York Horse, under Colo- 
nel Arcularius, and the Connecticut squadron, escorted him 
to Putnam's Hill, where a salute was fired ; after which 
Colonel Arcularius' troop gave the General nine cheers, as 
their duties here closed. The General returned them his 
warmest thanks. The heights and grounds in every direc- 
tion were thronged with gentlemen and ladies. 

The following extract of a letter from a young Lady at 
Greenwich, bearing date Friday evening, August 20th, will 
further illustrate the reception of the Marquis on his route : 

" The news that the Marquis de La Fayette was to pass 
through this town to-day, was received yesterday afternoon. 
Nothing however was done, and I began to fear that old Con- 
necticut would disgrace itself ; but this morning, the spirit 
of '76 appeared to animate all ranks and descriptions. Or- 
ders were given for the troops to proceed to Byram, and 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 24 i 

jscort the General to Nor walk, where, it was understood, 
he New-Haven troop would be in waiting. Fortunately, it 
entered into the heads of a few, that an arch, erected over 
Putnam's Hill, would have a fine effect. A number of ladies 
volunteered their services in erecting and adorning it ; and 
he Reverend Doctor Lewis, who was himself a chaplain in 
he revolutionary army, was requested to write a short 
nscription. The inscription which was hung in the centre, 
surrounded by a wreath of sweet briar and roses, was as fol- 
ows : — " This arch, on the hill rendered memorable by the 
jrave General Putnam, is erected in honor of the illustrious, 
he Marquis De La Fayette — the early and distinguished 
:hampion of American liberty, and the tried friend of Wash- 
ngton." The arch was very tastefully enwreathed, and 
Tom its top waved the flag which the regiment of this place 
:arried in the battle of Whiteplains. 

" After waiting till nearly 5 o'clock, our ears were glad- 
3ned with the sound of their approach. The cannon which 
tiad been previously sent on, fired, the church bell rang a 
nerry peal, and hundreds of spectators, of both sexes, sta- 
tioned on and about the hill, welcomed the General with loud 
iuizzas, and waving of hats and handkerchiefs. When the 
Marquis arrived at Tracy's Hotel, (within 40 rods of the 
irch,) he dismounted, and was there introduced to the ven- 
firable Doctor Lewis, who took him by the hand, and (as 
lear as T can recollect,) addressed him as follows : 

" ' Sir, — With the millions of America, I welcome you to 
[his land of freedom, and rejoice that God has spared mj^ 
life to see that veteran General, who so eminently distin- 
guished himself in procuring her liberties.' 

** The Marquis then advanced to the arch, supported by 
he Reverend Doctor Lewis, and his son, the present minis- 
ter of the parish. The inscription was read to him b}'^ the 
latter. He appeared much pleased and affected, advanced a 
ew steps, bowed to the gentlemen who were stationed on 
one side of the hill, turned to the ladies on the other side, 
md said, — ' My friends, 1 am very much obliged to you for 
he attention you have paid to me, and feel happy to find 
nyself among you.' 

" He then walked down the hill, took his carriage, and 
proceeded on his journey, expecting to lodge at Norwalk, or 
Bridgeport to night. On parting with him, Doctor Lewi? 
21 



242 TilE TOUR OF 



said, ' Sir, America loves you' — ' And, Sir,' said the Mar- 
quis, ' / truly love America.^ " 

The cavalcade arrived at Stamford about half past five, 
having received a salute at Mianus's Landing ; and the pri-J 
vate Mansion of the Honorable John Davenport was thrownii 
open for his reception. The General remained at this bouse 
for half an hour, and received the visits of many hundreds 
of persons of both sexes. A salute was fired, the bells rung, 
and this beautiful town with its gay inhabitants, particularly} 
distinguished for many handsome women, exhibited all thee 
life and gaiety of a city. Hundreds of ladies and gentlemen ,1 
for ten miles round, visited this town, to see and pay theiii 
respects to La Fayette. He left Stamford at six, intending^ 
if possible to reach New-Haven that night. He set outfromii 
here with fresh horses, the handsomest that could be procur- 
ed in the country — four fop each carriage. j 

The Connecticut troop which met the General at the line, 
accompanied him through Stamford, and proceeded untiil 
they met the escort provided further east. 

All business was suspended during the day on the wholet 
route ; — all persons were arrayed in their best attire, andi 
many remained for hours upon the road, waiting for theo 
cavalcade. 

Many old revolutionary soldiers met him on the route, and 
held hasty discourse on scenes and subjects which they never 
can forget. 

He arrived at Norwalk, at 8 o'clock P. M. where his arri- 
val was announced by a salute from the heights, and dis- 
charges of musketry. The bells of the churches and the 
academies rang merrily ; two companies of uniform militij 
were in waiting to salute him, and a band of music treated 
him to some popular tunes. An arch was formed across the 
bridge, with the following inscription : — " Welcome La Fay- 
ette," in large letters, on a white ground. On one side o\ 
the arch, the American flag was displayed, and on the othei 
a French flag. As the General had been expected from 
about 11, A. M. Norwalk was filled with people from the 
surrounding country, at an early hour in the day, who re- 
mained anxiously waiting until the time of his arrival. All 
business in the town was suspended. Among those assem- 
bled, were several revolutionary heroes, with bosoms beat 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 243 

ing high, at the thought of shaking by the hand their old 
and beloved comrade, whose memory was associated with 
periods of trial and endurance, which few who experienced 
them, now remain to relate. Captain Gibbs, an old revolu- 
tionary officer, about the same age with the Marquis, and 
who was with him in the revolution, joyfully seized his old 
iViend by the hand, and introduced him into the village hotel. 
The General easily recognized him, although so great a 
length of time has elapsed since they have seen each other. 
Mr. Betts, who was also in the revolutionary service, had 
the honour of an introduction. The ladies and gentlemen 
of Norwalk, immediately repaired to Cook's Hotel, to bid 
the Marquis welcome — and such was the earnestness to see 
him, during the whole time he remained, that the house was 
crovvded to excess. A company of military from New- 
Canaan, were among the assemblage, having marched to 
Norwalk, to pay their respects to the " Guest of the Na- 
tion." The Marquis departed about 9 o'clock at night, 
leaving the open barouche, and taking the close carriage. 

At Saugatuck the militia were prepared throughout the 
day, to fire a salute ; but owing to the lateness of the hour 
when the cavalcade approached, it being 10 at night, the vil- 
lagers could do no more than give their loud huzzas, as the 
General passed. Mill River Bridge was handsomely decor- 
ated with colours, by the captains of the coasting vessels at 
anchor in the harbour. 

The General arrived at Fairfield about half past ten at 
night. In this beautiful town, great preparations were made 
to receive him ; but as he had not made his appearance at a 
late hour, it was supposed he would not arrive until the fol- 
lowing day. It was calculated that between 1000 and 120U 
persons were collected here, including the inhabitants. 
They all remained until late in the evening, still hoping that 
he might be on his way ; but they were at length reluctantly 
compelled to give up the hope, and all retired, except a few 
of the most distinguished inhabitants of the town,vTho remain- 
ed at the Washington Hotel, kept by Mr. Knapp, until the 
General arrived. But before we mention the manner in which 
he vv'as received, we must, in justice to Fairfield, state that the 
villagers had arranged themselves in beautiful order in the 
day, and so continued until night. The ladies formed them- 
selves on one side of the green, and the gentlemen on {\\o. 



'244: THf TOURl of 

other. The female children of the various schools \ver«- 
placed in a row immediately in front of the ladies, with their 
Instructors at their head — the male children being similarl} 
arranged in front of the gentlemen. 

An elegant table was spread at Mr. Knapp's Hotel— the 
young ladies of Fairfield having done themselves the highest 
honour by the taste, as well as patriotism they exhibited o»! 
the occasion. The decorations of the table were planned 
on a style of the greatest elegance ; the dishes were quite 
enveloped with ever-greens and scattering flowers ; and the 
due proportions were observed in the succession of viands, 
as well as in the harmony and contrast of colours, which 
maintained a kind of silent correspondence, from the oppo- 
site sides of a splendid cone, that occupied the centre. On 
taking their seats at the table, the guests might have suppos- 
ed themselves invited to a feast of wreaths and flowers, stud- 
ded with the " crimson hail" of winter-greens, c^an-berries 
and amare-dulcis. The table was like the bed of some 
fairy's enchanted garden, so entirely did the decorations 
over-shadow and conceal the rich collation beneath. When 
this verdant veil was removed, the scene was changed as sud- 
denly as at the dissolving of a spell, and the company could 
not repress their surprise. The General expressed his 
gratification at this specimen of fem:ile taste, and regretted 
that it should be so quickly destroyed, to gratify that of the 
gentlemen. 

At the table, in conversation, he said he remembered well 
the disasters of 1779 — he remarked that he had passed 
through this village in 1778, the year previous to its being 
burnt. He also declared the high gratification he felt witli 
the parade on Putnam's Hill, and that it gave him great hap- 
piness to recollect that the Flag displayed above the arch 
across the road, cut through the rock, was taken from the 
enemy at White Plains, in the revolutionary struggle. 

On enquiry being made by one of the city delegation, 
after the repast, for the bill of expenses, they received in 
reply that there was nothing to pay — that Connecticut had 
heard much of the cheapness of travelling on the New York 
canals, and how, " out there to the west," a man could afford 
to ride cheaper than he could walk, and was anxious to give 
a specimen of the cheapness of travelling on our own turn- 
pikes.— One of the city delegation remarked that the estimates 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 24^ 

of land travelling and transportation, must have been found- 
ed on observations of a different nature from this, or the 
canals would have had little to boast of. 

The General remained nearly an hour, and then proceed- 
ed to Bridgeport to lodge, accompanied by many of the in 
habitants. 

He arrived between 11 and 12 at night, and put up at 
Knapp's Washington Hotel. Here also preparations had 
been made to receive him, equal to those in any other place 
The military and citizens remained throughout the day and 
evening, expecting him. The original plan was, that the 
General should dine at this house. Late as it was when he 
arrived, several of the inhabitants heard of it, and repaired 
to the Hotel to welcome him ; but all honours were neces- 
sarily dispensed with until morning. At an early hour, a 
salute was fired, the bells were rung, and bands of music 
added life to the general scene of festivity. The General 
received the attentions of the citizens on the porch, where 
he had taken his station, shaking hands with them all, and 
joyfully recognizing among them, some of his old compan- 
ions in arms. He recollected Captain Brewster, formerly 
of the Revenue cutter, of New York ; also, Salmon Hub- 
bell ; and a number who were privates in the revolutionary 
army knew their old General, and had the honour of shaking 
him by the hand. Nearly all business was suspended in the 
town on Friday and the troops remained under arms from 
1 1 in the morning until late at night. 

The Marquis left Bridgeport about 7 on Saturday morn- 
ing, escorted by the citizens on horseback, and depart- 
ed amidst the discharge of artillery, the ringing of bells, and 
the cheers of the people. 

He arrived at Stratford between 8 and 9, where he re- 
mained about half an hour — a salute was fired, the flags were 
hoisted, and the citizens formed along the Main-street, 
cheered him as he passed. He stopped at Mr. Marshall'v*; 
Hotel a short time, and then departed with the blessings of 
the inhabitants. 

In the following note to the Mayor of New Haven, the 
Blarquis had announced his intention to visit that city : 

Sir — With profound gratitude I have received the flatter- 
ing invitation contained in your letter of the 17th, which 

21* 



246 , THE TOUR OF 

your honorable committee were pleased to deliver to me. 
It could not but add to my former intention to visit your res- 
pected metropolis. I much regret that a previous engage- 
ment at Boston, does not permit my stay at New-Haven to 
be this time as long as I could wish. But I anticipate the 
honor and pleasure to express to you the morning after to- 
morrow, my high and grateful respects. — I have the honor 
to be, Sir, your most obedient servant, 

LA FAYETTE. 

Notwithstanding the above annunciation the citizens of 
New-Haven expected he would enter the city on the night 
of the 20th, and their preparations to welcome him were 
made on the most extensive scale — ^but owing to the assem- 
blages of citizens which occupied the roads, all eager to wel- 
come and salute him, he could only reach Bridgeport at mid- 
night. His near approach to New-Haven was nevertheless 
announced by a spontaneous illumination of the city, and at 
" the noon of night" its entire population was in the streets. 
The Governor's Horse Guards had been sent out to meet 
General La Fayette at the town of Orange, where they re- 
mamed through the night, and on the arrival of the General 
in the morning, relieved the escort from Bridgeport ; and, 
accompanied by that from Milford, and a great number of] 
citizens who had joined them on horseback and in carriages^ 
set out for New-Haven. They entered the city on Satur- 
day morning, under a handsome military escort, which con- 
ducted the General and suite to Morse's Hotel, where the 
General, with his suite, was received by the Mayor and 
other public authorities, Governor Wolcott and other distin- 
guished gentlemen, amidst loud and unceasing accalamations. 
Here he was met by the veterans of the revolution, the 
friends and associates of other days, several of whom he re- 
cognized and embraced as his companions in arms, and all 
were received with a brotherly and fond regard. After re- 
reiving the respects and congratulations of the citizens, to- 
i;ether with a large number of ladies, and many gentlemen 
from various parts of the country, some of whom came a dis- 
tance of forty miles to see him, he was saluted by the vari- 
ous military corps drawn up in front of the hotel, who passed 
him in review, attended by a division of the students of Yale 
College, in procession ; after whichj he took breakfast with 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 247 

the Mayor, Aldermen, &c. with about one hundred invited 
guests, which was handsomely served up by Mr. Morse, at 
the expense of the city. 

From the Hotel the General was conducted to the Green 
in the centre of the town, where several companies of fine 
troops were paraded ; and it is difficult for a stranger to con- 
ceive of any thing equal to the scene here presented to the 
spectator ; that fine, level, and verdant piece of ground, sur- 
rounded by rows of shady elms, and just beyond, by the neat 
and often elegant mansions of the citizens, overtopped by 
three new and beautiful churches, and crowned with sucli 
cheerful and enthusiastic throngs ; enlivened also by the 
bells, and military instruments, and the gaiety of female 
dresses and foces, from a regipn proverbial for excelling in 
beauty ; at a distance also bounded b}'^ the venerable walls 
of Yale College, for a kind of classic horizon ; all this when 
actually before the eyes had not a little the effect of pure 
magic. The Address to him was presented by the Hon- 
orable Mr. Edwards. — To the foliowmg paragraph of it, 
were appended notes — that " In 1778 the General was en- 
camped in that town, v/ith a body of troops ; and that in 1785, 
he was presented with the freedom of the city." — " A gen- 
eration has passed away since our fathers saw you encamped 
on yonder fields ; they beheld your merits, and hastened 
to enrol your name as a fellow citizen." Governor Wolcott 
made him welcome to the State in a short and affectionate 
address. The reply was equally affectionate. — The intro- 
ductions to him were very numerous, and his recognition of 
many of his old companions in arms, w^as wonflerful. The 
venerable Colonel Tallmadge, of the old army, had rode all 
night to meet him ; and, without introduction, was recognized 
and embraced by him ; so also was Major Munson. Other rev- 
olutionary officers were introduced, and numerous events of 
times " which tried souls," were recalled. The scene was 
truly affecting, not a dry eye could be seen. The beautiful 
and accomplished Madame G. whom he had known in the 
Parisian circles, was recognized ; the presentation of Mr. 
Wadsworth, of Hartford, recalled to the General's feelings 
the merits of his worthy father, who was Commissary Gen- 
eral of the French army, when in America ; and the son of 
old Roger Sherman, recalled to mind the patriotic services 
of that venerable and truly honorable statesman and signer 
of the Declaration of Independence. An old soldier, on 



248 TPTE TOUR OF 

being introduced, exclaimed; — ^^ I saw you. General, de- 
scend from your horse, and at the head of your division, ford- 
the Schuylkill, then four feet deep, on two cold nights of Novem- 
ber, in succession.''^ Then turning to the spectators, with 
brimfull eyes, he added, " Yes, he never shunned any fatigue 
or danger, and always led the way.''^ Those who have seen 
La Fayette when meeting the old soldiers, can only estimate 
the impressions of the scene. In one of his movements he 
was accompanied by between 200 and 300 students of Yale. — 
Of them was Stephanus Gallaty, the Greek youth fromScio. 
aged 14. 

The military parade was brilliant ; — the roar of artillery 
loud, and the acclamations and shouts of the people incessant. 
More than three hundred ladies, with their children, were 
introduced. His pleasure in Seeing this array of grace and 
beauty was visible. At the house of the Honorable Mr. 
Daggett, he was introduced to the widow of Colonel Barber, 
slain in the revolution ; and to Miss Ogden, grand-daughter, 
of General Wooster, killed at Danbury. He then visited the 
seat of Mr. Deforest, and partook of the hospitality of his 
amiable lady. He then was conducted to the University, and 
appeared struck with the immense improvements which 
every where presented themselves. Here he received the 
congratulations of the President and Faculty of the College, 
and visited the Library and Mineralogical Cabinet. He 
afterwards visited the widow of the late Governor Trumbull, 
who was in the family of Washington most of the revolution- 
ary war. As he passed the unique burying-ground of this 
city, he was pointed to the grave of Humphreys, whom he 
had long known and respected. He also passed and noticed 
the graves of Whalley, Dixwell, and Goffe, the English Com- 
mon wealthn>en, who sought and found an asylum in America. 
Returning by the Green, he passed the troops, who fired a 
feu de joie, and returned to the Hotel. 

About 3 o'clock the General took his departure, on the 
lower road, by East-Haven, Guilford, Saybrook, and Lyme, 
to New-London, on his way to Boston, escorted by the troops 
and civil authorities as far as East-Haven, there he pointed 
out the residence of the late Reverend Mr. Street, where he 
had been hospitably entertained forty-five years ago, and 
expressing a desire to see his descendants, was received by 
feis children and grand-children, and other ladies and gentle- 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. Hy 

men of the town. Here he took leave of the escort from 
the city, arid proceeded on his journey, attended by a de- 
tachment of cavalry from Branford. 

At Branford his reception was verj'^ gratifying ; two com- 
panies of foot awaited him ; and a vast concourse of people 
assembled from all quarters to receive him, joined in ac- 
clamations at his approach. 

7\t Old Guilford, a town no less interesting for its primi- 
tive republican New-England manners, than for the early 
date of its settlement, he was received with a cordial wel- 
come. Three companies of militia were paraded on the 
Green, and saluted him with artillery and small arms. Crowds 
pressed around the General ; and there were some of the 
older ones, who found they had not quite forgotten to feel 
again as they felt in the Revolution. In short, '* Guilford 
souls" will not speedily forget the day that brought the com- 
panion of Washington among them, to offer them his hand, 
and to remind them of the cause in which it once wielded 
the sword. 

In these towns he stopped but a short time, but long 
enough to receive and return the gratulations of many of the 
inhabitants. The children far and near got a furlough from 
the schools for the forenoon — the aiternoon is always unin- 
cumbered on that day — and they came pouring over hill and 
valley for many a mile around, led on by their parents and 
grand-parents, the dames and patriarchs of their villages 
and hamlets. All had some cousin or acquaintance on the 
high road, and thither they hastened to stand, and gaze, and 
shout. A most agreeable sight was often presented to the 
cavalcade as they passed ; almost every where the elder 
people were ranged in rows along (he path, with the chil- 
dren drawn up to the true preceptorial line before them. 

At Killingsworth he remained an hour, received similar 
attentions from the military and the citizens ; and then pas- 
sed on to Saybrook, where he lodged. 

Here the inhabitants, partaking of the same feeling which 
prevailed throughout this part of the country, had made pre- 
parations for receiving the General in the handsomest man- 
ner ; and as he was expected several hours earlier than he 
arrived, the table was spread and decorated, and a feast pro- 
vided suitable to the occasion. — To add to the various pro- 
ductions of many a well tilled farm, the neighbouring sea and 



250 THE, TOUR OF 

river gladly yielded a choice store of dainties for this season 
of joy ; but night had set in before the cavalcade's appear- 
ance, and the people had only an opportunity to bid their 
visitor a hasty welcome. In the morning he was waited on 
by the inhabitants, and shewn every mark of respect, till half 
past 6 o'clock, when he crossed Connecticut river, and pur- 
sued his way towards New-London. He travelled with such 
great expedition, that he went from New-Haven to Saybrook 
in six hours, a distance of thirty-six miles, including all his 
stops upon the road. Such indeed was his anxiety to press 
forward, that on arriving at East-Guilford, to avoid delay 
while the horses were changing, he rode on half a mile in a 
one horse waggon, and was then overtaken by the carriage. 

The fact must be well understood that no charges Wiire 
made for the General and his suite, or any of the committee 
— all was free — food, lodging, gates, bridges, &c. The car- 
riages and horses which had been sent on with the General 
from New- York were dismissed at New-Haven, and new 
ones provided for his journey eastward, arrangements bring 
made for the necessary relays. 

It would have been impossible to have travelled through 
the towns of Connecticut without feeling a part of the en- 
thusiasm which pervaded all classes. Even the poor lads 
who drove the carriages entered fully into the common feel- 
ing, and seemed proud of their honours. They wore siik 
ribbons fastened to the button holes of their waistcoats, by 
way of distinction ; and while waiting to receive their illus- 
trious passenger, usually became persons of no inconsidera- 
ble interest and attention with the hundreds who stood around. 
*' Behave pretty now, Charley," said the driver of La Fay- 
ette's coach, to one of his horses, " behave pretty, Charley 
— you are going to carry the greatest mr.n in the world." 

On Sunday morning, the General left Saybrook, and hav- 
ing taken breakfast under the hospitable roof of Richard 
M'Curdy, Esq. in Lyme, he proceeded on his way to New- 
London, and being met by the Committee and a few citizens, 
in Waterford, he was escorted to the mansion of Judge Per- 
kins, where, with the spontaneous acclamations of a great 
body of citizens, and with heartlelt gratulations, he was re- 
ceived under a national salute of 24 guns from Fort Trum- 
bull. The General, withgreatdignity and composure, grace- 
fully saluted the citizens j when he was met and conducted 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 261 

HI a respectful and affectionate manner by his old friend and 
companion in arms, General William North, to the hall as- 
signed him. He was there introduced to a committee from 
Norwich, and another from Stonington, who had repaired to 
New-London, to solicit him to visit those places on his tour. 

The citizens who wished it, were then introduced to the 
General, and from the cordial and polite manner in which 
they were received, were satisfied that the man whom they 
delighted to honor, was richly deserving of the respect shown 
him. Public service having now commenced, out of rever- 
ence for the day, and the feelings of the people with whom 
he dwelt, the General repaired to the Presbyterian meeting 
house, where the Reverend Mr. McEwen officiated, and 
thence to St. James' Church, where service was performed 
by the Reverend Mr. Judd. Afterwards he called to pay 
his respects to Madam Huntington, the widow of the late 
GcneralJedediah Huntington, and Madam Perry, the mother 
of the late Commodore ; when he returned to his quarters, 
and for about an hour devoted his time to receive the saluta- 
tions of ladies and gentlemen, who called on him. At three, 
dinner was announced, and he was seated in a small circle of 
friends, among whom were General William North, General 
Ebenezer Huntington, General Burbeck, and Doctor John 
R. Watrous, who were his companions when his noble and 
generous mind first put ferth its energies in the cause of our 
country. After a short sitting, in sweet and patriotic sympa- 
thy and friendly intercourse, he arose and departed with his 
suite, escorted by the committees of New-London and Nor- 
wich, for that city. 

On General La Fayette's arrival in the city of Norwich, 
a National Salute was fired. The concourse of people gath- 
ered in the different houses and along the street from the 
Wharf-Bridge to the Hotel, to get a view of the Nation's 
Guest, was immense. On his alighting at the Hotel, a per- 
tinent address from the Mayor wasdelivered, to which he re- 
turned an appropriate and feeling reply. 

After this ceremony, hundreds, and perhaps we may add 
thousands, eagerly pressed forward to be presented, congrat- 
ulating themselves on the pleasure they had in seeing their 
Country's Liberator, in this free and happy nation. 

In the evening, the General and suite, together with the 
city officers, and the Committee of Arrangements, sat down 



25^ THE TOUR OF 

to supper. During the repast, reiterated cheers were fre- 
quently ascending from the people in the street ; to each 
of these bursts of enthusiasm the General arose and present- 
ed himself at the window, where the admiring multitude as 
pften echo'd it. After supper the General and suite left this 
for Plainfield, accompanied by the Deputation and an escort 
of citizens. The deputation continued with him to Rhode- 
Island line, where he was met by the Committee from Prov- 
idence. 

Astheprocessionleftthecity of Norwich, a National Salute 
was fired amid continued peals of the bells. — On his arrival 
at Jewett City the whole village was illuminated, as were all 
the houses between there and Plainfield, and also in the lat 
ter village, although they had, like the citizens of Norwich, 
but a short notice of the General's approach. 

A delegation from the Town Council and those associates 
of the Cincinnati composing the General Committee of the 
town of Providence, was despatched towards Hartford on 
Friday, with a view of meeting the General, and tendering 
him the earnest wishes of the inhabitants, that he would hon- 
our them with a visit. On Sunday morning, it was feared by 
the General Committee, that from a change in the General's 
expected route, their delegation might not be able to see him 
until he should have arrived in the State, and two gentlemen 
were despatched on the other two different roads to Connec- 
ticut, with similar instructions to those of the first Committee, 
the return of which gave information that the General, in 
company with the first committee, was at Eaton's, in Plain- 
field, and would proceed into town in the course of the fore- 
noon of Monday. Early on that morning, the troops and 
citizens were in readiness to meet him, and the western road 
was lined with citizens, crowding towards the point where 
the reception was to take place. Every horse and vehicle 
in the town appeared to be in requisition, and the windows 
on the streets through which the General w^s to pass, were 
thronged with females, waiting to greet the Nation's Guest. 

The Town Council and their associates received the Gen- 
eral about 2 o'clock, at the line of the town, where he alight- 
ed. He was then received with military honors, and con- 
ducted to the barouche prepared for his reception, and being 
seated, was greeted with a sponteneous burst of feeling, from 
the immense concourse of spectators. The procession wa?; 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. S5S 

then put In motion, agreeablj to the order of arrangements ; 
and when formed, extended more than a mile. The General, 
uncovered, rode alone in the barouche, drawn by four white 
horses, bestowing through the whole march, the most com- 
plaisant smiles and greetings on all around ; shaking, most 
cordially, the hands of those who crowded around the car- 
riage and took advantage of every pause in the procession, to 
obtain the honor of a grasp of the hand of La Fayette — a cir- 
cumstance which every citizen will be proud hereafter to 
tell his children. As the General proceeded up the hill 
leading from Olneysville, he was again greeted with the 
shouts of a large collection of citizens, assembled on the high 
bank directly over the road. 

The Marine Artillery, stationed on the Dexter Training 
Ground, pealed their welcome as he passed, and the General 
soon entered the populous part of the town. In passing 
through High and Westminster-streets, and until he arrived 
at the court-house, he was welcomed by that most expressive 
token of affectionate interest, the waving of white handker- 
chiefs by the fair hands of the ladies, who crowded every 
building from which they could obtain a view of this distin- 
guished personage. Many females, we observed, in the ex- 
cess of their feelings, suspended this token of welcome, to 
gaze more intently at the object whom they appeared alone 
to see in the whole procession, and many a fine eye was wet 
with the gush ot a tear, which the rush of so many sublime 
and sympathetic emotions sent warm from the heart. 

On arriving in front of the State-House, the General aligh- 
ted, and was received in a peculiarly interesting manner. 
The poplar avenue, leading to the building, was lined on 
each side with nearly two hundred misses, arrayed in white, 
protected by a file of soldiers on each side, and holding in 
their hands bunches of flowers, which (as the General pro- 
ceeded up the avenue, supported by the Governor's Aids) 
they strewed in his path, at the same time waving their 
white handkerchiefs. The General was afterwards pleased 
to express the peculiar and high satisfaction he took in this 
simple and touching arrangement. 

On reaching the landing of the stairs, the General turned 
towards the multitude, and at the same moment, the veteran 
Captain Stephen Olney, (who served under the General re- 
peatedly, and was the first to force the enemy's works at 



254 THE TOUR OF 

Yorktown, in which he was seconded, at another point; 
almost simultaneously, by La Fayette) approached the Gen- 
eral, who instantly recognized his old companion in arms, 
and embraced and kissed him in the most earnest and affec- 
tionate manner. A thrill went through the whole assembly, 
and scarcely a dry eye was to be found among the spectators, 
while the shouts of the multitude, at first suppressed, and 
then uttered in a manner tempered by the scene, evinced the 
deep feeling and proud associations it had excited. 

The General was then conducted to the Senate Chamber, 
where he was appropriately introduced to his Excellency, 
the members of the Committee, Town Cauncil, &c. 

After this ceremony, he came below, and there, in the 
most familiar manner, shook the hands of a number of ladies 
and gentlemen. — Among the rest, the venerable William 
Russell, now in his 85th year, was introduced to him. The 
General shook both the veteran's hands in a most affection- 
ate manner, and in an annunciation, that slightly marked 
a foreign accent, said he was extremely happy to take his 
old friend by the hand once more, as it recalled to his mem- 
ory the delightful associations of his youth. Mr. Russell 
appeared at first scarcely to comprehend the scene, but in a 
moment, as if the whole had rushed upon his recollection, 
he exclaimed in a voice broken by age and still more subdued 
by feeling, ' Oh, my dear Marquis, how happy am I to see 
you once more ! I remember well the time I served under 
you as a volunteer on Rhode Island !' The General was 
evidently touched, ^nd on this, as on several other occasions, 
the tear started to his eye. He then proceeded on foot to 
the accommodations provided for him, and after entering the 
Hotel, appeared on the piazza, and was greeted in the warm- 
est manner. For nearly two hours, he stood in his apart- 
ment, and in the most affable manner received the congratu- 
lations of every individual who chose to be introduced to 
him." • 

The Town-Council and Committee, with their illustrious 
guest and his suite, his Excellency the Governor of the State 
of Rhode-Island and his suite, the Honorable Jonathan Rus- 
sell, the Committee of Aldermen of the city of New- York, 
and the Committee attending from the city of Boston, and 
from the government of Massachusetts, with a few other 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 265 

guests, repaired to the dining-hall, where ah elegant enter- 
tainment was provided. 

At about half past four, the troops (at the particular re- 
quest of General La Fayette, who expressed his admiration 
of their discipline and tine military appearance,) were drawn 
up lor review, in a line extending on Benefit-street, toward 
Pawtucket. The General then proceeded on foot, and was 
greeted, on entering the street, with the same joyous acclama* 
tions. Supported by the arm of the Governor, he walked 
in front of the line of troops, stopping to shake hands with 
all the principal officers. On arriving at the extreme wing 
he halted, and his carriage was drawn up for his reception ; 
which he entered, accompanied by his Excellency, Colonel 
Bowen and Zachariah Allen, Esq. (of the Council and Gen- 
eral Committee) and amid the cheers of the people, left 
the 'own. He was escorted into Massachusetts by the Town 
Council, Cincinnati, kc. and a numerous company of citi- 
zens on horseback andin carriages (many of whom accompa- 
nied him to Boston) where he was received by the Boston 
Deputation, and conveyed on his route. 

The General, on being asked if he was not fatigued with 
his exertions, promptly replied, that he experienced too 
much pleasure^ to find any time for fatigue. 

At Pawtucket, he was met by the aids of Governor Eustis, 
the Chief Magistrate of the State of Massachusetts, who had 
been despatched the day before to receive him at the line of 
ths Commonwealth, and to escort him on his way to the cap- 
ital. Although it v/as now evening, at several places on the 
road large bodies of militia were collected to salute him ; 
and assemblies of ladies and gentlemen w^ere occasionally 
met, who offered this illustrious stranger, but respected friend 
of their country, their tribute of applause and affection. He 
was too sensible of the sincerity and warmth of their feli- 
citations, not to delay his journey at several villages, and to 
reciprocate their kind and cordial salutations. It was nearly- 
midnight when he reached the town of Dedham, about ten 
miles from Boston. Most of the houses in this pleasant vil- 
lage were handsomely illuminated ; and a great number oi' 
the iniiabitants of both sexes were assembled to greet him. 
During the short pause he was able to make here, he was in- 
troduced to many of the principal citizens of the town anfl 
vicinity, who had been <?.nticipatinghis arrival for some hours. 



roQ THE TOUR OF 

When he passed through Roxbury, at 1 o'clock, he was ac- 
companied by a large cavalcade of citizens of that place and 
from Boston ; and a salute was fired by the Roxbury corps 
of artillery. His arrival here was also announced by the 
ascent of rockets from an eminence in the centre of the town ; 
and the note of preparation was thus given for the parade and 
pleasure of the succeeding day, which had been anticipated 
with uncommon interest and delight. La Fayette and suite 
proceeded to the mansion of his Excellency the Governor, 
lo which they had been invited ; and the meeting between 
them was truly affectionate and cordial. 

On Tuesday the 24th, the inhabitants of Boston hailed the 
morning light with peculiar emotions, and were abroad at an 
early hour, preparing for the general testimonies of gratitude 
and respect to be presented to the " nation's guest." Many 
of the older citizens recollected him in his youthful days, 
when he visited the town, forty-six years ago, at the request 
oi Congress and Washington, to prevail on the French admi- 
ral to co-operate with his fleet in a contemplated attack up- 
on the British forces at Rhode-Island. They had not forgot- 
ten his zeal and ardor in the cause of America. They knew 
his great attachment to and respect for the immortal chief of 
the American army, and the confidence which Washington 
cherished for La Fayette. Here too were many revohftion- 
ary officers and soldiers, who had often witnessed his unwea- 
ried activity and personal courage in seasons of difficulty and 
danger. The Society of Cincinnati in this State contained 
many of his personal friends, who shared with him in thr 
toils and honors of the war of Independence ; they had as 
sembled, also, to offer the hand of friendship and affection to 
their distinguished brother in arms ; and to tell him of Wn- 
happiness which he had been instrumental, with others, ia 
securing to ten millions of freemen. The curiosity of tlu' 
young was awakened to hear of the generous deeds and mer- 
itorious services of this celebrated visitor from the olil 
world. They were eager to learn his worth and his virtues 
For they knew their grave and sober sires would not be sc 
greatly moved by the approach of any ordinary charactei . 
whatever might be his title or his fame. The sensibility oi 
the female breast was excited to a lively glow, in reflectinii, 
upon the character of this eminent foreigner, who had not 
only given proofs of great devotion to the cause of America. 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 257 

and to the interests of civil liberty, but whose moral ami 
social virtues claimed for him the respect and admiration of al) 
those who loved inno-^ence or commiserated distress. And 
ill classes, without intending to lessen the pre-eminent ser- 
vices and virtues of Washington, who imder providence, 
was the great and chief agent in achieving our Independence, 
and in preserving it, after it had been once established — or to 
mdervalue the important efforts and courage of many other 
revered heroes and patriots, too numerous to be here named. 
All, all, were eager to join in the spontaneous offering of 
gratitude and affection, to one so justly celebrated and so 
greatly beloved. 

He entered the city, the capital of the state, about 11 
Dxlock ; and his reception was a triumph and a jubilee. The 
lay w*as as bright as his laurels, and as mild as his virtues. — 
The various bodies designated to compose the procession, 
nind perform the honors of the day, assembled at an early 
liour, and at the time appomted. The cavalcade was form- 
2d in Common street, at 9 o'clock. It was very numerous, 
md consisted of the citizens of Boston, of all ranks and clas- 
ses, on horseback. Proceeding to the extreme southernly 
part of the city, near the line of Koxbury, they were join- 
ed by the Mayor and Aldermen, and mem.bers of the Com- 
mon Council, the Society of Cincinnati, a great number of 
public civil characters, and strangers of distinction, all in 

arriages ; by ihe General and Field Officers of the first 
division of militia, and officers of the army and navy of the 
United States. An innumerable concourse of people on foot 
lined the side-walks of the spacious street, where the pro- 
fession was to be formed, the entrance to the city from Rox- 
bury, and fortunately named Washington-street. The 

avalcade then proceeded to the mansion of Governor Eustis, 
which is a short distance withm the town of Roxbury, and 
escorted General La Fayette and suite to the line, where the 
2ity authorities and others, who were to compose the pro- 

ession, were in waiting to receive him. Here he was 

reeted by the immense assemblage of citizens, with repeat- 
ed and enthusiastic acclamations, for several minutes, wheii 
the Mayor welcomed him with much feeling, in the follow- 

ng speech : 

22* 



25^ THE TOUR OF 

*' Sir— The citizens of Boston welcome yoa on your re- 
turn to the United States ; mindful of your early zeal in the 
cause of American Independence, grateful for your distin 
guished share in the perils and glories of its achievements. — 
When urged by a generous sympathy, you first landed on 
these shores, you found a people engaged in an arduous and 
eventful struggle for liberty, with apparently inadequate 
means, and amidst dubious omens. After a lapse of nearly 
half a century, you find the same people prosperous beyond 
all hope and all precedent ; their liberty secure ; sitting in 
its strength ; without fear and without reproach. 

'■'• In your youth you joined the standard of three million;: 
of people, raised in an unequal and uncertain conflict. In 
your advanced age you return and are met by ten millions ot 
people, their descendants, whose hearts throng hither togree? 
vour approach and rejoice in it. 

" This is not the movement of a turbulent populace, ex 
cited by the fresh laurels of some recent conqueror ; it is 
a grave, moral, intellectual impulse. 

" A whole people in the enjoyment of freedom, as perfec! 
as the condition of our nature permits, recur with gratitude, 
increasing with the daily increasing sense of their blessmgs, 
to the memory of those, who, by their labours and in their 
blood, laid the foundation of our liberties. 

" Your name. Sir, — the name of La Fayette, is associa- 
ted with the most perilous, and most glorious periods of our 
Revolution ; — with the imperishable names of Washington 
and of that numerous host of heroes which adorn the proud 
est archives of American history, and are engraven in indel 
lible traces on the hearts of the whole American people. 

" Accept then, Sir, in the sincere spirit in which it is offer- 
ed, this simple tribute to your virtues. 

" Again, Sir, the citizens of Boston bid you welcome t 
the cradle of American Independence, and to scenes con 
secrated with the blood, shed by the earliest martyrs in it: 
cause." 

General La Fayette then rose in his carriage, and in ; 
most interesting and felicitous manner, repUed as follows : 

'' The emotions of love and gratitude, which I have been 
accustomed to feel on my entering this city, have ever ming 
led with a sense of religious reverence for the cradle o 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. pg 

Ainericany and let ine hope it will hereafter be said of Uni- 
versal liberty. 

'' What must be, Sir, my feelings, at the blessed moment, 
when, after so long an absence, I tind myself again surround- 
ed by the good citizens of Boston — where I am so aifection- 
ately, so honourably welcomed, not only by old friends, but 
by several successive generations ; where I can witness the 
prosperity, the immense improvements, that have been the 
just reward of a noble struggle, virtuous morals, and truly 
republican institutions. 

" I beg you, Mr. Mayor, Gentlemen of the City Council, 
and all of you, beloved citizens of Boston, to accept the 
respectful and warm thanks of a heart, which has for nearly 
half a century, been particularly devoted to your illustrious 
city." 

The reply of the General was received with new plaudits 
of the assembled people ; and " welcome, welcome La 
Fayette ! friend of Washington I friend of America ! friend 
of Liberty !" was repeated again and again ; and the heights 
of Dorchester and Roxbury echoed with the joyful acclama- 
tion . 

The procession was then formed, and passed througl* 
Washington, Milk, Broad, State, Court and Common-streets, 
to Boylston-street, adjoining the south part of the Common, 
in the following order : — " Three marshals, the Boston 
coi*ps of Light Dragoons, a battalion of Light Infantry, com- 
posed of the Fusiliers, Boston Light Infantry, VVinslow 
Blues, Washington Light Infantry, New England Guards, 
Rangers, and City Guards ; and a full band of music. Theii 
followed the Chief Marshal, attended b)^ aids ; members ot" 
the City Council, Committee of Arrangements, the President 
of the Common Council, and senior Alderman, all in car- 
riages. Here was placed another Marshal, immediately pre- 
ceding the elegant barouche, drawn by four beautiful white 
horses, in which rode the distinguished guest of the city and 
of the nation, accompanied by the Mayor, with Marshals also 
on either side. The son and friend of La Fayette, and gen- 
tlemen Aldermen from New York, next followed in car- 
riages ; and these were succeeded by the Society of the 
Cincinnati, public characters. Judges and Legislators, and 
distinguished strangers, in carriages also. Immediately after 



260 tfIe tour of 

two Marshals ; Field and Staff officers of the miUtia, mount- 
ed on horseback, and followed also by two Marshals. The 
cavalcade of citizens, of all ranks and in great numbers, witli 
Marshals attending, closed the voluntary but triumphant pro- 
cession. 

The dwelling houses and stores on the streets through 
which the procession was conducted, were crov/ded with in- 
habitants in every part. The ladies thus situated, caught 
the enthusiasm of the occasion, waved their white handker- 
chiefs, and, n^ith smiles and gladness, greeted the -veteran 
hero, who appeared affected and delighted by these demon- 
strations of a joyful welcome. The moment La Fayette ar- 
rived at the line of the city, the bells struck and rang mer- 
ry peals, while the procession was passing through the 
streets. 

Excepting the cavalcade, the procession passed through 
the Common from Boylston to Park-street, on the eastern 
margin, and between two lines of children, of both sexes, 
belonging to the several schools in the city. Their ages 
were trom about eight to twelve, and nearly three thousand 
in number. Their dress was neat and uniform ; the misses 
in white, and the masters in white pantaloons and blue spen- 
cers. They also wore ribbands on their breasts, stamped 
with a miniature likeness of La Fayette. As the carriage in 
which the General rode was passing, one of the misses dart- 
ed from the line where she was standing, and begged to 
speak with him. She was handed into the carriage, and bv 
the Mayor presented to La Fayette, who pressed an affec- 
tionate kiss on her blooming, yet blushing cheek. She had 
confidence, however, to address him, and place a wreath oi 
flowers which she held, on his head. He made her a short 
but affectionate reply, and placed the wreath on the seat of 
the carriage. Attached to the wreath of flowers was a small 
piece of paper, carefully folded, which contained these 
lines ; said to be composed by the mother of the child. 

" An infant hand presents these blushing flowers, 
Glowing and pure as childhood's artless hours, 
Where roses bloom, and buds o^ promise smile, 
Repaying with their charms the culturer's toil. 

Oh! take them father, they were culled for you ! 
(Still bright with warm affection's sacred dew — ) 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 2G1 

O let them live in thy benignant smile, 
And o'er thy brow of glory bloom awhile I 

'Twined with the laurel Fame on thee bestowed, 
When thy young heart with patriot ardour glow'd ; 
Self exiled from the charms o{ wealth and love^ 
And home, nm\ friends, thou didst our champion prove. 
And, by the side of Glorious Washington, 
Didst make our grateful country all thine own ! 

Go, fragile offering, speak the ardent joy 

Our bosoms feel, which Time can ne'er destroy f 

Arches were thrown across several of the principal street?^ 
irough which La Fayette was conducted, covered with 
rergreens and flowers, and containing appropriate mottos. 

here were two in Washington-street, the largest and part 
f the distance, the widest street in the City. — On one ot" 
lese was very legibly written — " 1776 — Washington and 
lA Fayette. Welcome La Fayette — A Republic not ungrate- 
III,'' On the other 

" Welcome La Fayette." 
*' The Fathers in glory shall sleep, 
Whogather'd with thee to the fight ; 
But the sons will eternally keep 
The tablet of gratitude bright. 
We bow not the neck 
And we bend not the knee, 
But our hearts. La Fayette, 
We surrender to thee." 

The fines were from the pen of a citizen of Boston, whose 
>oetic talents had often delighted the public, and who had 
eceived the highest praise from those capable of apprecia- 
ingthe productions of genius. 

When the procession arrived at the steps of the State 
louse, near the head of Park Street, salutes were fired by a 
lattahon of artillery, on the eminence on the western part 
f the Common, and at the Navy Yard at Charlestown. Sa- 
utes were also fired by a battalion of artillery, placed on the 
reights of Dorchester, (now South Boston,) when Generol 



Ut THE TOUR OF 

La Fayette retiched the line of the city, at 1 1 o'clock. I'ho 
President of the United States had caused an order to be issu-il ' 
ed, on the first arrival of La Fayette, at New-York, requir-ilii 
ing, that he be received by the military officers of the na-ti 
tion, at all public posts, with the salutes and honors due tciiM( 
one of the highest rank in the army. m 

The Governor and Executive Council of the Common-ipf 
wealth were assembled in the spacious Senate Chamber totp 
receive La Fayette in the name of the Representatives of the( 
people, and in pursuance of their resolve of June preceding^' 
as well as in accordance with their own personal feelings andf| 
wishes. His Excellency the Governor, here addressed hiniii, 
with great feeling,* m the following concise and pertinent ■ 
speech : | 

" SIR, OUR FRIEND, i 

" In the name of the government, and in behalf of the citJi 
izens of Massachusetts, I have the honor to greet you witlilij 
a cordial, an affectionate welcome. I 

" A'Ve thank God, that he has been pleased to preserved 
you through the scenes of peril and of suffering, which have'! 
distinguished your patriotic and eventful life, and that we are*;], 
indulged with this occasion of renewing to you our grateful 
acknowledgements for the important services which you 
have rendered to our common country. 

" In the last surviving Major General of the American rev-j 
olulionary army, we recognize a benefactor and friend, from;!,] 
a distant and gallant nation ; who, inspired by a love of lib- 
erty, subjected himself in his youth to the toils and hazards 
of a militar}'^ life, in support of our rights. Under our illus- 
trious Washington, you were instrumental in establishing the 
liberties of our country, while your gallantry in the lield 
:securcd io yourself an Imperishable renown. ^ j 

" With the enjoyment of the blessings of independence,' 
we shall never cease to associate the name of La Fayett 
and our prayer to heaven will be for his health and prr> 
perity." 

To which the General, with much animation, replied : 



'•* Governor Euslis was so affected, that he had to call on one of i 
aids to read the greater part of the address. 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE, 26S 

« Sir, 

When, in the name of the people and government of 
is State, your Excellency is pleased so kindly to welcome 
1 American veteran, I am proud to share the enjoyments of 
ich a reception with my revolutionary companions and 
other soldiers. Sir, I am delighted with what I see, I am 
^pressed with what I feel ; but I depend upon you, as an 
d friend, to do justice to my sentiments." 

Afterwards, a great number of gentlemen were introduced 
La Fayette, in the Senate Chamber ; of whom were the 
idges and other public officers of the United States, of the 
|;ate and of the City ; members of the society of Cincinnati, 
ith their venerable and distinguished President, Honorabfe 
hn Brooks, late Governor of the Commonwealth. La 
lyette recognized his old military and personal friend at 
c first sight, and embraced him with great cordiality and 
Section. Some other veterans of the revolutionary army, 
ho were present, he also recollected ; and discovered strong 
notions as they approached him and took his hand. Indeed, 
; was so eager to meet them, that he very generally first 
ized them, and clung to them with all the affection of a 
other. The scene was inexpressibly affecting. There 
as not a heart untouched — not a cheek unmoistened by 
e falling tear. To weep then was not weakness ; it was 
•oof of gratitude and of a generous feeling, which is an hon- 
to human nature. 

By particular request, and to gratify the wishes of the 
iople collected in front of the State House, General La 
ayette appeared in the colonade of this superb edifice, 
lere he was greeted with loud and continued cheers. He 
as theie conducted by the committee of arrangements to 
e residence provided for him at the head of Park Street, 
public dinner was given by the city authorities, in honor of 
eir noble guest ; and the invitation was extended to Sena- 
ors and Members of Congress, the Governor a5id Ex-Gov- 
'nor of the Commonwealth, judicial and other public char- 
:ters. 

A committee of the society of Cincinnati called upon Gen- 
ial La Fayette at the residence of the Governor, in Roxbury, 
id before his entrance into Boston. They were anxious to 
fer him their congratulations at the earliest moment ; and 



264 T|IE TOUR OF 

to bid him welcome to the land they had unitedly struggled 
to defend. And a few days after his arrival, the whole Soci-i 
ety waited on him, when their President made the following 
address : — 

" Sir, 

*' The Society of Cincinnati of the State of Massachusetts ; 
seize the earliest moment after your arrival in this city, o:| 
extending to you the hand of friendship and affection. W( 
offer you our most cordial congratulations on your safe arri^i 
val again, after the lapse of forty years, on the shores of out 
favored countr}^ once the theatre of our united toils, priva-i 
tions and combats, with a powerful foe, but now the peace 
ful domain of a great, a free, and independent people. W( 
hail you, sir, in unison with the millions of our fellow citii 
zens ; most respectfully hail you as a Statesman, as a Phiii 
lanthropist, and as the early, inflexible, and devoted friend: 
not only of our beloved country, but of the sacred principlef 
of civil liberty and human rights. But we greet you undec 
more tender and hallowed associations ; in the endearing ref 
iation of a brother-soldier, who, in the ardor of youth comi 
menced in the field with us your career of glory, in the hol^ 
cause of Liberty and American Independence. 

'' But here recollections crowd upon our minds too power 
ful for utterance. Words would but mock the deep emo 
tions of our hearts should we attempt to express them, ir 
contemplating the character, attributes, and services of lh( 
parental Chief, under whose auspices we trod together th( 
field of honor. To the profound veneration and love for hii 
memory that penetrates your bosom, we refer you as to i | 
transcript of our own. It would be vain to imagine the joj 
that would swell the great mind of Washington, were he stil 
living to recognize with our nation, the generous disinteres 
tedness, the glowing ardor, the personal sacrifices, and th«i 
gallant achievements of his much loved Fayette. But it ii 
equally vain to endeavour, on this occasion, to exclude sucl 
interesting reflections from the mind, or to deny it the mel 
ancholy pleasure of lingering on the solemn reality, that no 
a single individual of the General Staff of the army of th<i 
American Revolution now survives to participate in the joi 
that your presence in the United States has awakened. 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 265 

'' To us it is peculiarly grateful that you are permitted 
after a lapse of so long a period, to witness the consumma- 
tion of the principles of our revolution. You will perceive, 
5ir, that the hopes and predictions of the wise and good men 
who were your particular associates in the arduous struggle, 
have been fulfilled and surpassed. You will behold a great 
people united in their principles of jurisprudence, cemented 
^ogether by the strong ties of mutual interests, and happy 
under the fostering influence of a free and energetic govern- 
ment. 

" You will, therefore, allow us to reiterate our felicita- 
ions on your safe arrival among us, and to welcome you once 
oiore to the good land which your youthful valor contribu- 
ted to elevate and distinguish. 

*' May your future life be as tranquil and happy as your 
jpast has been useful, uniform and glorious." 

To which the General returned the following answer : 

*' Amidst the inexpressible enjoyments which press upon 
my heart, I could not but feel particularly eager and h^ppy 
to meet my beloved brothers in arms. Many, many, I call 
in vain ; and at the head of them, our matchless paternal 
Chief, whose love to an adopted son, I am proud to say, you 
have long witnessed — But while we mourn together, for 
ithose we have lost, while I find a consolation in the sight of 
itheir relations and friends, it is to me a delightful gratifica- 
tion to recognize my surviving companions of our revolu- 
tionary army — that army so brave, so. virtuous, so united by 
mutual confidence and affection. That we have been the 
faithful soldiers of independence, freedom, and equality, 
those three essential requisites of national and personal dig- 
nity and happiness ; that we have lived to see those sacred 
principles secured to this vast Republic, and cherished else- 
where by all generous minds, shall be the pride of our life, 
jthe boast of our children, the comfort of our last moments. — 
i Receive, my dear brother soldiers, the grateful thanks, and 
I constant love of your old companion and friend." 

On Wednesday was the anniversary of commencement in 

i Harvard University, at Cambridge. The corporation had 

requested the president, to send a particular invitation to 

General La Fayette, to be present on the occasion. He half 



266 Tqp TOUR OF 

expressed a wish, soon after his arrival at New- York, tai 
attend that literary anniversary. The coiporation heard of 
his intention with great satisfaction. They were sensible of 
his love of literature, and of his attachment to this ancient 
seminary. And they remembered, that the governors of the 
college appreciated his menta forty years before, by confer- 
ring upon him the highest honors they could bestow. At a 
meeting of the corporation on the 21st of August, it was vo- 
ted— 

" That the corporation learn with pecuhar satisfaction, the 
intention of General La Fayette to visit this part of our coun- 
try, at the period of the approaching commencement, and 
regard the event as auspicious to that joyous and interesting 
anniversary, and respectfully request, that he will favor the 
university with his company on that occasion ; and thereby 
afford to the members of the university, and to those who 
are candidates for its honors, the opportunity of seeing and 
honoring the distinguished patriot and soldier, whose willing 
sacrifices were devoted to the cause which has secured to 
the successive races of American youth, the blessings of ed- 
ucation in a land of freedom ; and whose virtuous and glori- 
ous career holds forth to the rising generation, a bright ex- 
ample of the qualities which ought to adorn those, who aspire 
to aid in the councils, or maintain the rights and interests of 
a free people.'* 

General La Fayette was escorted from Boston to Cam- | 
bridge, on Wednesday morning, by a company of cavalry, 
and accompanied by the Governor and Supreme Executive 
Council of the Commonwealth. In passing through Cam- 
bridge Port, he was gratefully cheered by the assembled cit- 
izens, and eloquently addressed by Judge Fay, in the name of 
the whole, in the following interesting manner ; 

" General La Fayette— The citizens ofCambridge[present 
themselves before you, to greet your arrival in their country 
with an affectionate welcomp., and to offer the simple hom- 
age of grateful hearts to the early and constant friend of 
American liberty— the steady and uniform asserter of the 
rights of man. They desire to malje known to you the pro- 
found sentiments of gratitude and admiration, with which 
Uieir bosoms are inspired by the recollection of the gener 



li' 



J 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 26? 

om and distinguished services rendered by you to the Uni- 
ted States in their struggle for national existence. In that 
struggle, you made a voluntary offering of your life and for- 
tune on the altar of civil liberty ! In so doing, you sought 
no rewards, but in the conscious magnanimity of the act and 
in the lasting gratitude of a whole people. Those rewards 
you have, Sir, and long, long may you enjoy them. 

'* Permit us to remind you, Sir, that on this spot was as- 
sembled the first army of our revolution ; — that here Wash- 
ington first assumed the command of that army, and entered 
upon the momentous contest, which terminated in our na- 
tional independence, that independence, which your own 
disinterested and noble efforts contributed so essentially to 
achieve. 

'• To you. General, the friend and companion in arms of our 
beloved Washington — the benefactor of our country — the 
soldier of liberty — to you the citizens of Cambridge again 
tender thpir heartfelt welcome, and pray you to accept their 
fervent wishps, that all your future days may be full of hap- 
piness and honors." 

The reply of La Fayette was characteristic and affection- 
ate. He was met by the Corporation and Professors, on his 
arriving within the; pl-ecincts of the college, and thus ad- 
dressed by the learned President Kirkland — 

" We bid you welcome. General La Fayette, to the most 
ancient of the seminaries of our land. The Overseers and 
Fellows of the University, the Professors and other officers, 
the candidates for the academic honors of this day, and the 
students, tender you their respectful, their affectionate sal- 
utations. We greet you with pecuhar pleasure, at this lit- 
erary festival, gratified that you regard the occasion with 
interest, and espouse the attachment, which as members of a 
republic, we cannot fail to cherish to the cause of learning 
and education. 

" As a man, sustaining his part through various scenes, 
prosperous and adverse, of an eventful life, your character 
and course, marked by moral dignity, have challenged par- 
ticular respect and sympathy. As the patron, the champion 
and benefactor of America, you have a relation to us, by 
which we call you our own, and join gratitude and affection 



268 THE TOUR OF 

to exalted esteem. The early and costly pledges you gav* 
of devotion to the principles and spirit of our institutions^ 
your adoption of our perilous and uncertain contest for na- 
tional existence, your friendship in the hour of our greatest 
need, have associated your name in the minds and hearts of 
Americans, with the dearest and most affecting recollections. 
The fathers teach their children, and the instructors their 
pupils, to hold you in love and honor ; and the history of* 
these States takes charge of your claims to the grateful re- 
membrance of all future generations. 

'' It is a pleasing reflection attending the progress of these 
communities, that it justifies our friends and supporters ; 
and that the predilections and hopes in our favor, which you 
indulged in the ardor of youth, have been followed by good 
auspices till your advanced age. We are, indeed, happy in 
presenting you the fruit of your toils and dangers, in the 
kindly operation of the causes, which you did so much to call 
into action, and we rejoice m every demonstration we are| 
able to give, that your care for us has not been vain. Know- 
ing how you feel yourself to have a property in our welfare, 
and sensible of th^ enjoj'^ment accruing to your generous 
spirit from our prosperity, we find in these considerations, 
new motives to maintain liberty with ardor ; and in the exer 
cise of our functions, feel bound to endeavour to send pul 
from our care, enlightened and virtuous men, employing 
their influence to secure to their country the advantages, 
and prevent and remedy the evils attending the wide diffu- 
sion among a people of political power. 

" Accept our wishes and prayers for your health and hap- 
piness. May the Invisible Hand which has been yoursafe-T 
guard thus far, continue its protecting care. May the Su- 
preme Disposer, the Witness and Judge of character and 
conduct, having appointed you along and tranquil evening of 
days, receive you to the final and glorious reward of the 
faithful in a perfect state," 

The following is the substance of the General's reply : 

" It is with real pleasure. Sir, that I find myself again at 
this University, which I visited for the first time, more than 
forty years ago. The great improvements which have been 
made here during the interval, arc striking evidences of the 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 269 

tendency of liberal political institutions, to promote tlie pro- 
gress of civilization and learning. I beg you to accept my 
warmest thanks for your kind expressions of personal civil- 
ity to myself, and my best wishes for the continued prosperi- 
ty of the valuable establishments over which you preside." 

When he entered the place provided for the celebration of 
commencement, where a numerous company of ladies and 
gentlemen had assembled, to attend the ceremonies and liter- 
ary performances of the day, there was an instantaneous and 
universal acclamation ; not stuning and boisterous ; but the 
decorous and chastened greeting of an intelligent audience. 
When he reached the stage, he bowed repeatedly to the 
assembly, with great apparent sensibility. Several of the 
young gentlemen, alluded to him in their orations ; and some 
dwelt particularly on his early devotion to the cause of Amer- 
ica, in the struggle for independence, with great effect. These 
notices, though short and indirect, were calculated to excise 
the grateful recollections of the audience ; who responded 
to the sentiments with enthusiastic acclamations. 

On Thursday, by particular request of the literary socie- 
ty of " Phi Beta Kappa,^^ so called, in the university, Gener- 
al La Fayette attended the celebration of their anniversary 
at. Cambridge. It was never known before, that any one, 
hJwever distinguished, either for literature or virtue, was 
invited to dine with the society, unless a member of some 
other branch of the association. The departure in this case, 
from the invariable usages and rules of the society, is proof 
of the very high estimation in which La Fayette is held, and 
of the disposition, in all classes of citizens, to manifest their 
respect for his character. He proceeded to the university, 
about 1 o'clock, when he was again greeted with the hearty 
cheers of the citizens, as he passed the high-way, and when 
he arrived. The public performances on this occasion, 
were an oration and a poem. The latter was prepared at 
very short notice, and had particular reference to the visit 
of the illustrious hero and philanthropist, La Fayette. It 
purported to be the vision of the Genius of Liberty. It was 
a felicitous effort of the poetic muse. The gradual but cer- 
tain dissolution of ancient despotic systems was predicted, as 
by the spirit of inspiration ; and the blessings and joys of 
, well regulated freedom were described with a masterly pen- 
23* 



If 



m TUP TOUR OF 

cil, as extending and spreading in all parts of the civilizes' 
world. It was the electrifying voice of genius, speaking to 
hearts full of gratitude and sweUing with joyous emotions. 

The orator was not less happy in his subject, nor less in- 
genius and eloquent in its illustration. His object was to 
present, in all its force, the motive to intellectual and litera 
ry effort. He assumed the progressive nature of the human 
mind ; referred to the advances already made in science and 
the arts, and in civil governments ; noticed the tendencies in 
society to higher improvements ; and glanced at the facili- 
ties for social happiness and intellectual and moral excellence^ , 
in this western world, under our mild and republican institu- 
tions. It was an uncommon display of talent and research, 
and of profound observations on the present improved and 
improving condition of man. He pointed out the happy 
destiny which awaited the United States, which a powerful 
imagination had predicted, but which sober facts also author- 
ize us to expect ; and called upon the literary and patriotic 
youth of our country to use all honourable efforts for hasten- 
ing on this glorious issue. In speaking of the wisdom, firm- 
ness, and courage, of our patriotic fathers, by whom our lib- 
erties were secured, and our independence established, hd 
paid a just tribute to the disinterested and heroic services of t' 
La Fayette, who cherished and aided our cause in the most 
gloomy periods of the war. The reference was most appro- 
priate ; and the statement of his zeal and efforts in our be- 
half, produced such a deep conviction of his devotion to 
America, and of his influence in obtaining the support of 
France, which probably saved our country from subjugation, 
that a deep and strong emotion was produced in the whole 
immense concourse ; which, subdued as it was for a time,! 
burst forth, at last, in overwhelming and almost convulsive 
agitations. The orator seemed not to aim at such an extra- 
ordinary impression. He reminded his hearers indeed of 
*' truths surpassing fiction ;" he brought to their recollection 
past scenes of danger endured, the generous and heroic 
deeds performed — ^he spake of the " Paternal Chief,',' wha 
was the guide and support of other brave spirits, now laid 
low in the silence of death. — The effect was wonderful : the^ 
whole audience were melted into tears of mingled gratitude 
and respect ; gratitude for such patriotic services, and of 
respect for the memories of men, who had secured the bles- 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 271 

;ings of civil liberty to the immense and increasing popula- 
lion of this extensive country. La Fayette was very sensibly 
affected by this unexpected expression of gratitude for his 
early services, and by the strong emotions manifested by the 
assembly, at the name of Washington. The hours passed in 
the dining hall were consecrated to reminiscences of the in- 
teresting events which occurred in the revolutionary contest, 
to grateful recollections of the statesmen and heroes, who 
advocated and defended the cause of freedom, and thus led 
the way in the glorious march of human improvement and 
iiappiness, which the present generation is so rapidly pursu- 
ing. Here were assembled the judges of the land, the min- 
isters of religion, the legislators of the state and nation, sev-"' 
eral of the heroes of the revolution, and numerous eminent 
literary characters from various parts of the United States, 
to unite w^ith the younger sons of Harvard, in offerings of 
affectionate gratitude to a man, who had no gifts of power or 
titles of honour to bestow ; but whose useful services and 
uniform course of honourable and benevolent purpose, in 
their estimation, claimed a higher tribute than was due to 
sceptered princes, or the most renowned conquerors of an- 
cient or modern times. 

Thursday and Saturday mornings, for several hours, he 
received the personal compliments and congratulations of a 
great number of the inhabitants of Boston and its vicinity, of 
both sexes. They were presented to him, on the spacious 
erea of the ground floor of the State House. The house 
provided for his residence while in the city, though unusual- 
ly large, was not well adapted for such crowds of visitors as 
pressed to behold him. Many aged people were presented, 
who had served with him in the revolutionary war, or recol- 
lected events of that period, which they were desious to re- 
late. Some were on crutches, and others bared their arms 
to show the honourable scars occasioned by the bayonet or 
ball of the enemy, in the "glorious fight" for freedom- 
Some could boast of having fought under his command, or by 
his side, at Brandy wine and Monmouth ; and others, that 
followed in his path of peril and glory in Virginia, in 1781, 
and assisted in successfully storming the redoubt at York- 
Town, on the memorable evening of the 15th of Octobei:, 
which decided the fate of Cornwallis. 



;^>72 THE TOUR OF 

He seized the hands of these his old companions in armS; 
with great eagerness and emotion ; and while they, in the 
honest pride of their souls related their " hair-breadth 
escapes," which led the spectators almost to envy their 
claims to such honourable boasting, the veteran hero ex- 
claimed, " O m}^ brave Light Infantry ! My gallant troops !" 
Several aged citizens who were personally engaged in appos- 
ing the British forces, who marched to Lexington and Con- 
cord, for the purpose of destroying the Provincial stores col- 
lected at the latter place, were present at this interview, 
A gun was also shown to General La Fayette, from which 
was tired the ball, which killed the tirst of the regular troops 
slain on that memorable occasion. These meetings revived 
recollections important to be preserved, and served to re- 
mind the rising generations of the principles and deeds of 
their fathers. We trust they did not awaken any angry or 
hostile feeling towards an ancient enemy ; but served only 
to kindle our gratitude to Almighty God, for his gracious in- 
terpositions in our behalf, and to perpetuate our respect for 
the remains of those who offered up their lives for our free- 
dom and welfare. 

On Friday morning, committees from Portsmouth, New- 
port, Haverhill, Newburyport, and from Bowdoin College, 
waited on General La Fayette inviting him to visit those 
respective places ; where the people were desirous to see 
him, and to offer personally their welcome salutations. 

To a kind and affectionate invitation of the citizens of 
Portland to La Fayette to visit Mame, the General returned 
the following respectful answer : — 

<< Sir — When I had the heartfelt gratification to embark 
on this happy visit to the United States, I anticipated the 
pleasure to pay my respects to the citizens of the State of 
Maine, and the town of Portland. That intention could not 
but be confirmed by the flattering invitation you have been 
pleased to transmit. 1 much regret that previous engage- 
ments, and the propriety not to defer for a long time my jour- 
ney towards the seat of government at Washington City, 
make it impossible for me, at this moment, to indulge my 
eager desire to visit the town of Portland. But on my return 
to this part of the Union, and most certainly before I leave 
the American shore, I shall have the honor, personally to 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 273 

ofter to the citizens of Portland, the tribute of my respect 
and gratitude. 

Be pleased, Sir, to accept my respectful acknowledge- 
ments and regard. LA FAYETTE." 

The Selectmen of the ancient town of Plymouth were 
prompt in offering an invitation to General La Fayette to 
visit that place before leaving the United States. A letter 
from the Chairman, in behalf of that body and their fellow 
citizens, Avas delivered to him on the morning after his arri- 
val in Boston, by the venerable Dr. Thacher ; to which Ik; 
gave the following reply ;- - 

" Sir — Nothing could afford me a greater satisfaction than 
to have the honor to pay my respects to the citizens ot 
Plymouth ; nor will I leave the shores of America before I 
have enjoyed this heartfelt gratification. But my present, 
ilrst visit to this part of the Union, is shortened by previous 
engagements, and the obligation to go towards the seat of 
government at Washington City. I anticipate the time when 
it will be in my power personally to present the citizens of 
Plymouth with my grateful and affectionate acknowledge- 
ments for their kindness to me. Be pleased to accept the 
tribute of these sentiments, and to believe me with much 
personal regard, Yours, &c. LA FAYETTE." 

The Marquis La Fayette left his place of residence in 
Boston at 10 o'clock, accompanied by Governor Eustis and 
suite. Governor Brooks, the deputation from New York, the 
Blayor and committee of arrangements of Boston, and pro- 
ceeded to Charleston, which he previously engaged to visit, 
at this time. As he passed through the streets in the north 
part of the city, the people pressed around him, testifying 
their regard, and cheering him on his way with repeated ac- 
clamations. Raised arches, wreaths of ever-green, and 
variegated colours added to the brilliancy of the scene, fie 
was met at the centre of the bridge, which is the dividing 
line between Boston and Charleston, by the Chief Marshal 
and his aids, and conducted to the square, where a committee 
of the citizens of that town was in waiting to receive him. 
A procession was then formed, headed by two Marshals, and 
escorted by a regiment of Light Infantry, and a battalion of 
artillery, with martial music, consisting of the committee of 



274 THE TOUR OF 

arrangements, General La Fayette, his son, and friend, who 
accompanied him from France ; the Governor and suite. 
Governor Brooks and General Dearborn, Judges of thev 
Courts, and members of the Supreme Executive Council of* 
the State ; deputation from New York, Mayor and commit- 
tee of Boston, officers of the army and navy of the United 
States, and of the militia of the State ; strangers of distinc- 
tion, and civil officers of the town of Charleston. It pro- 
ceeded to Bunker Hill, where the chairman of the commit- 
tee of the town, addressed La Fayette as follows : 

" Sir — In behalf of the inhabitants of Charleston, the com- 
mittee of arrangements present their respectful salutations to 
General La Fayette, and bid him a cordial welcome to this 
town. This joyful occasion revives high national feelings 
and recollections, and touches the springs of gratitude, by 
reminding us of that interesting period of our history, which 
gave to our country a gallant hero, and to the rights of man- 
kind a stedfast champion. While we participate in the thrill 
of delight which every where hails the visit of our illnsfrinus 
friend, we cannot suppress the peculiar emotion of our hearts 
on receiving you. Sir, on the memorable heights oi Bunker. 
On this holy ground, immortalized by the dead, and sacred 
to the names of revolutionary heroes. Over these heights, 
liberty once moved in blood and tears ; — her chariot on 
wheels of fire. Now she comes in her car of peace and 
glory ; drawn by the affections of a happy people, to crown 
on these same heights, with civic honours, a ftivourite son, 
whose early strength was given to her sacred struggles, and 
whose riper years are now permitted to behold the splen- 
dour of her triumphs. In the fullness of our hearts we give 
thanks to Almighty God, who has guided and guarded your 
high career of peril and renown. 

'' Permit us, beloved General, again to welcome you to 
our borders ; — to express our ardent hopes, that your valu- 
able life may be prolonged to the utmost limits of earthly 
happiness ; — that the land which has been enriched with the 
dew of your youth, may be honoured as the asylum of your 
old age ; — that the country which now blends your fame 
with the mild lustre of Washington, may henceforth hail you 
as a citizen of Washington's country ; — and that, during the 
residue of your years, you may live amidst the attentions, a^ 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 27., 

\ou will forever live in the hearts of a grateful and admiring 
people." 

To this address the General replied : 

" With profound reverence, Sir, I treadf this holy ground, 
where the blood of American patriots — the blood of Warren 
and his companions, early and gloriously spilled, aroused the 
energy of three millions, and secured the happiness of ten 
millions, and of many. other millions of men in times to 
come. That blood has called both American continents to 
lepublican independence, and has awakened the nations of 
Europe to a sense, and in future, I hope, to the practice of 
heir rights. Such have been the effects of a resistance to 
oppression, which was, by many pretended wise men of the 
limes, called rashness ; while it was duty, virtue ; — and has 
been a signal for the emancipation of mankind. 

" I beg you, sir, and the magistrates, and the citizens of 
Charleston, to accept the homage of my gratitude for your 
kind welcome, and of those sentiments of affection and res- 
pect, which, for so many years, I have cherished towards 
their town." 

While on this memorable eminence, he was informed by 
Governor Brooks, of the recent association for erecting a 
monumental pillar on that hallowed spot, to perpetuate the 
remembrance of the justly celebrated battle of the 17th of 
June, 1775 ; when a few regiments of undisciplined militia, 
made a brave stand against a large regular British force, com- 
manded by Generals of great experience and courage. This 
great event, so important in the annals of our country, as it 
convinced the English government of the resolution of the 
colonies to maintain the liberty which they claimed, and of 
the daring courage of the American people. This event is 
to be commemorated in June, 1825, when fifty years will be 
completed, by an oration, and other public appropriate ser- 
vices and ceremonies. General La Fayette expressed great 
satisfaction of the proposal. He requested that he might be 
considered a subscriber for the monument ; and assured the 
gentlemen present, that it would be his wish and endeavour 
to attend the celebration. 

On his .visit to the encampment of the New-England 
Guards, the General, we are told, tried his skill in gunnery, 



276 THE TOUR OF 

and directed one of the field pieces with such good aim, as to 
pierce the target. A large assemblage of the visitors of the 
encampment announced his success with reiterated cheerings. 

He then dined with Governor Eustis, in Roxbury, in com- 
pany with nearly two hundred of the most distinguished 
strangers now on visits here and citizens — of whom were 
many of the surviving worthies of the Revolution. — The 
front of His Excellency's seat was beautifully decorated, and 
lire-works were exhibited on the lawn. He returned to town" 
at 8 o'clock, and in the evening attended a bail given by Mrs. 
Sears, in Bacon street. 

On Saturday August 28th, numerous deputations, and rev- ^ 
olutionary characters, called on the General at his quarters. 
One of the latter exhibited the Firearm, by a discharge of 
which the first British regular killed in the war of the revo- 
lution was shot at Concord bridge, on the memorable 19th 
April, 1773. The event is recorded in the annals of that 
day. Satisfactory evidence was given, that the ball which 
did the first execution on the British advanced guard, was 
fired from this gun. The General appeared much pleased at 
seeing this relic, and suggested the expediency of perpetu- 
ating its identity, by inserting a plate on the stock, with an 
inscription, containing the particulars of the event. It be- 
longed to Capt. Buttrick,ancl was presented, it is understood, 
by one of his descendants, who promised to execute the sug- 
gestion of the General, and remarked, that the gun should 
be transmitted to the latest posterity of the original owner. 
A number of revolutionary reminiscences occurred in this in- 
terview, which we have not room to particularize. 

The General then repaired to the State-house, and receiv- 
ed the felicitations of the citizens of both sexes, who, during 
two hours, presented themselves in continued succession. 
One of the revolutionary worthies, (Jonathan Leonard of 
Canton, in Norfolk,) holding in his hand a number of old 
Continental bills, thus addressed the Guest: — "Here, Gen- 
eral, are some of our Old Friends, who helped us to carry on 
the war.'''' Among the presentations was an interesting 
Greek youth from Scio, named Pandies Ralli, whose father 
was one of the first martyrs in the present eventful strug- 
gle of the Greek Patriots, being one of the hostages execu- 
ted at Constantinople. This lad, we are informed, with hi? 
mother, and family, fled from the sack of Scio, and is no\^ 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 277 

receiving an education, under the care of our Foreign Mis- 
sionary Society. He was noticed with much affection by the 
General. In the afternoon he proceeded to Medford, to dine 
with Governor Brooks, accompanied by the Mayor. 

On his way to Medford he passed through Charlestown and 
West Cambridge, and arrived at Medford about 3 o'clock. 
It was at a very late hour that the citizens of Medford as- 
certained-that the town would be honored with his presence ; 
but their preparations to welcome him were appropriate and 
elegant. The houses to the westward of the Governor's 
residence, and the meeting-house, were filled with ladies, 
the scholars were formed in line on the street, filled with 
the citizens, the bell rung a peal, a salute of artillery was 
fired, and several arches were thrown across the road, deco- 
rated with wreaths of flowers, and flags. — One of the archers 
bore this inscription, " Welcome to our hills and Brooks." 

Under this arch the Selectmen of the town were assem- 
bled ; — when Turell Tufts, Esq. their Chairman, delivered 
to him the following address : — 

"General La Fayette — The Selectmen of Medford, as the 
Representatives of the town, deem it a grateful and honora- 
ble part of their duty to bid you welcome. 

*' They are proud, Sir, that Medford is the birth-place of 
one of your companions in arms — A man, who, by his brave- 
ry in the field, his patriotism and civic virtues, contributed 
to acquire as much glory to ourxountry, as honor to himself. 

"jWe rejoice, Sir, that you both live to meet again, and to 
enjoy together the consolations fairly derived from your vir- 
tuous and heroic deeds. 

" The minds of our countrymen (racedyour course with 
anxious solicitude, through the French Revolution, from your 
first success in the cause of Liberty, until the spirit of op- 
pression confined you to a dungeon ; and their hearts were 
gladdened, when, by the influence of our Great and Good' 
Washington, their Friend was at last set free. — In the rich 
harvest you are now gathering of the expressions of esteem 
and gratitude of this numerous people, whose freedom and 
happiness your exertions so essentially contributed to estab- 
lish, we hope you will find some compensation for all your 
trials, sacrifices and suff'erings — and we feel much complacent 
24 



278 TH£ TOUR OF 

cy that, in this respect you have'gained so complete a triumph 
over the Monarchs of the world. 

" Again, Sir, we bid you a cordial welcome ! and hope^the 
testimonials of approbation you are receiving from every 
heart and every tongue, will forever remain an instructive 
lesson to mankind, that Patriots who endure faithfully to the 
end, shall not lose their reward." 

The followmg is the substance of the General's reply : 

" Sir — I am most happy, in visiting the town of my old 
brother Soldier and Friend, General Brooks, to be receiv- 
ed with so kind a welcome. You speak of some compensa- 
tion ! Compensation, Sir, — the smallest part of the delight 
which I have experienced, would more than repay me for 
all sufferings, past, or to come. 

*' I beg you, to accept my grateful acknowledgments for 
this cheering welcome." 

This welcome was repeated by the acclamations of the 
assembled citizens, which were renewed on his arriving at the 
Governor's residence. The civic arches and decorations 
were honorable to the zeal and good feelings of thecitizene, 
and to the taste »»f the ladies of Medford, who took a lively 
interest in this spontaneous tribute of gratitude. 

The General, in proceeding to Medford, passed through 
Salem (late Back) street, and the taste and patriotism of the 
citizens of the northern section, were displayed in numer- 
ous and elegant decorations of the street, incessant cheers, 
and waving of handherchiefs. His carriage proceeded slow- 
ly, and he appeared to notice all the arches (fifteen in number) 
under which he passed, and particularly one, (the produc- 
tion of the daughter of a Member of the City Government) 
which bore an inscription, formed on a white ground, with 
green buds, ^'Fayette — We will never for get thee.''' 

On his return from Medford, he called on BIrs. Amory at 
Weston, and attended a numerous party given by Mrs. Lloyd, 
in Somerset-street. 

On Monday the orders of the Commander in Chief, for a 
review of a 'portion of the militia, in honour of the visit of 
the surviving Major -General of the revolutionary army, our 
distinguished Guest, were executed with promptness and 
uncommon effect. The day was fine. At an early hour, a 
superb Brigade, (composed of five full regiments of infan- 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 27& 

try (two from Essex, and three from Middlesex divisions,) a 
regiment (six companies) of artillery, and the Salem Inde- 
pendent (Jadets) commanded by Brigadier-General James 
Appleton, paraded on the Common, on which tents and mar- 
quees had been pitched for their accommodation, and which 
with the commissary's tent, and the tents of the Suffolk Bri- 
gade, and the marquees attached to the Head-Qjuarters 
(where the Independent Cadets, commanded hy Lieut. Colo- 
nel Amory, did guard duty) exhibited an extensive encamp- 
ment. At the same time the Boston Brigade, commanded by 
Brigadier General Lyman, and composed of three full regi- 
ments of infantry, four companies of artillery, (including the 
Sea Fencibles) and a troop of dragoons, also paraded and. 
formed the order of battle at 8 o'clock. The whole field was 
commanded by Major-General Crane, of the first division. 

The line n^irly filled up the borders of the spacious train- 
ing-field, and exhibited a martial spectacle unequalled in ex- 
tent, brilliancy, and etficiency by any former military re> 
view. The corps of cavalry, artillery, and Hank compa- 
nies, were in complete and superb uniforms ; and in the whole 
line of infantry, the troops, with scarcelj'^ an exception, were 
in blue coats and white under clothes, with knapsacks, &c. 
complete. It was estimated that the number on the field 
exceeded 6500. 

General La Fayette, on foot, was escorted by the Cadets 
from his residence to the State-house, where he was receiv- 
ed by his excellency the Commander in Chief, and suite. 
They were then escorted to the Common. He was receiv- 
ed by loud shouts from the troops along the whole line. The 
General was then saluted by the Brigades, under Generals 
Appleton and Lyman, m succession. He then took a posi- 
tion in front of Head-Q,uarters, and received the marching 
salute of the whole division. Experienced judges, foreign 
and native, did justice to the discipline and steadiness of the 
whole movements. The line being re-formed, the troops 
were dismissed for refreshment, which was amply provided 
for them by the Commissary General. 

A spacious and well ornamented marquee had been order- 
ed to be erected by the Governor on the rising ground of the 
Common, for a collation for the Officers and invited Guests, 
it much exceeded any other arrangement of the kind ever 



mCi THi: TOUR OF 

seen here. In this (it may be called) edifice,* His ExceJ- 
iency, and the distinguished Guest, the Officers of the Field, 
(he Executive Council, Cincinnati, Civil and Judicial Officers, 
Foreign Consuls, Officers of the Army and Navy, Governor 
Miller, the Clergy, the City authorities. Strangers of distinc- 
tion, and General and Field Officers of the Militia not on du- 
ty, partook of a sumptuous and well-attended entertainment. 
A few toasts were given, which were received with acclama- 
tions, particularly that of the Commander in Chief, compli- 
mentary of the Guest, th«t of General La Fayette in praise 
of the line appearance and excellent conduct of the troops, 
and that of General Brooks, who gave the *' Commander in 
Chief of these troops.''^ 

The order of battle having been re-formed, the Brigade 
under General Appleton performed numerous evolutions, for^ 
mations, systems of attack and defence, with the utmost pre- 
cision and fine effect. They continued an hour. The stead- 
iness of the artillery, and alertness of the rifle and other 
light corps, were particularly noticed by military men. 

The Boston Brigade, under General Lyman, then occupi- 
ed an hour in similar evolutions, &c. and exhibited forma- 
tions for attack and defence — particularly those against cav- 
alry* by the formation of squares of regiments, and by the 
retreat within them, when hard pressed, of the skirmishers 
and artillerymen, each retiring with their colors and an allot- 
ted portable article essential to their utility ; then rushing 
out, remounting and firing their deserted guns, after the assail- 
ing cavalry is repulsed. This mode of defence was practiced 
with effect by the British army at Waterloo. 

The exercises being completed, and the usual ceremonies 
of the field performed, the troops were dismissed. The 
General was then re-escorted to his quarters, amidst contin- 
ued cheers. 

In the evening after the review, the General held a levee, 
at which several hundred ladies were introduced to him. 
He then attended a ball given by Mrs. Elliot, in Bacon- 
street. 



* The marquee was 176 feet by 60 ; containing six tables irO feet 
long, on which there were 1300 plates set,— which were afterwards in 
creased to 1600. The conation was prepared by Mr, Dudley Brad 
street. 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 28 > 

" Should il be supposed by the sober citizens of other coun- 
tries, or by those in our own, who did not join in these offer- 
ings of grateful admiration to La Fayette, and who therefore 
could have felt nothing of the enthusiasm which such scenes 
are calculated to produce ; that there was too much parade 
or an undue measure of sensibility manifested on this occa- 
sion ; it may be proper to observe, that no conclusion is to 
be drawn from this great rejoicing, that the people of Bos- 
ton, or in fact of the United States, are disposed to pay high- 
er regard to eminent men of the military, than in the civil 
department ; or that they have so little discrimination, as to 
bestow applause upon merely splendid achievements. It is 
believed to be a fact, that the most intelligent and sober part 
of the community were as ready to engage in these proces- 
sions and ceremonies, as those of the more common and unin- 
formed class of citizens. How could it be otherwise '? 
These are convincing proofs of the zeal, disinterestedness 
and devotion of General La Fayette to the cause of Ameri- 
can liberty and independence — of his bravery, activit3% 
judgment, constancy and fidelity — of his attachment to Wash- 
ington and other patriots, and of their regard for him ; and 
of his uniform support of regulated liberty in his ovrn coun- 
try. In his early days, he had risked every thing, and had 
done every thing which an individual could possibly endure 
or attempt, in our behalf. He had now, in advanced life, left 
his own beloved retirement in a distant hemisphere, to visit 
this land of liberty, and of his affections, to behold the 
prosperity, order, enjoyment and felicity of a great people. 
His character too, is unstained by bloodshed and crime ; it 
is consecrated on the contrary, by the prayers and tears, 
and benedictions, of all good men in America and Europe* 
Who will then censure or wonder, that he should be receiv- 
ed by the moral and sober people of America, with all that 
eordialit}'^ and enthusiasm, which were discovered on his 
arrival amongst us ? We do not forget Washington ; our 
beloved, and almost adored Washington — nor are we insen^- 
sible to the merits and virtues of other statesmen and heroes 
of our own country. But, surely we may be allowed to 
greet this old distinguished benefactor with a cordial wel- 
come, without subjecting ourselves to th.e charge of extras 
agance, or caprice. 

24* 



THE 



TOUR OF 



*• The character of the militia in Boston, and generally 
through the state, has been much improved within the last 
tifteenyears. They have recently adopted a cheap uniform; 
and great improvements have been made in adopting the 
modern system of tactics. The independent companies need 
not decline a comparison with regular troops ; and, what is 
very important to the respectability of the militia, their of- 
iicers are intelligent and ambitious, and actuated by a patri- 
otic spirit, which is a pledge of fidelity and a stimulus to hon- 
ourable exertion. The high praise bestowed upon the mili- 
tia at this review, was justly merited." 

Extract of a letter from a gentleman in Boston to his 
friend in the country. 

*' Welcome La Fayftte, glowing from the heart, is in- 
scribed on every countenance I see^ — Bostonians know how 
to honour exalted worth, and deserve honour themselves, 
ibr the excellent manner in which they do it. The recep- 
tion of La Fayette has been brilliant, impressive, and deep- 
ly interesting. The concourse of people was vast, surpas- 
sing any thing ever witnessed in this city. Thousands have 
rushed from every part of our State to greet the arrival of 
thii distinguished hero and patriot, this beloved friend of 
^^^ASHlNGTON, of America, and of mankind. This day has 
indeed been the festival of Freemen, sacred to the best feel- 
ings of the heart, vividly bringing to remembrance the bright 
days of our revolution, and consecrating anew to everlasting 
gratitude, the memory of those who achieved it. Every 
thing connected with the performance on this occasion, de- 
serves the highest praise. The decorations placed in the 
streets through which the General passed, were simple, neat 
and appropriate, and the proceedings throughout, marked 
with a promptness, order and deoorum, mingled with an en- 
thusiasm of feeling, which rendered the whole scene sub- 
lime, beyond the power of language to express. The address 
by the Mayor was excellent, and was delifM'ed with an ani- 
mation, which all who knew him, will be sure came warm 
from the heart. The streets through which he passed were 
full to overflowing ; windows, houses, and every thing that 
ould sustain a foot-hold, were occupied. Sometimes the 
idour of the citizens would bring them in contact with the 
Oen?rars barouche, and for a few minutes interrupt hi- 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 285 

progress, and you would almost think it impossible for him 
to proceed ; but the delay was transient, and it seemed as if 
one consentaneous feeling of respect, operated to redress 
their eagerness. The ladies performed their part admira- 
bly, and one would thing that beauty had not merely caught 
fresh charms from the Graces — but glowed with new ardour 
reflecting from the altar of Patriotism. 

*' The exhi})ition of children, belonging to the schools of 
the city, was an interesting sight, and must have been highly 
gratifying. They extended from one end of the Mall to the 
other. Neatly dressed, and in perfect order, the little girls 
waved their handkerchiefs as he passed, and looked as if they 
recognized a Father and protector. If our venerable fore- 
fathers had done nothing more to endear and perpetuate 
their memory, than to establish free schools, they would have 
done enough, not only to merit all the honours we annually 
pay them, but a far more splendid Monument than we are 
now erecting in Plymouth, to evmce our gratitude. The 
interview with Governors Eustis, Brooks, and other members 
of the Cincinnati, was deeply affecting. 1 have not time to 
enter into further particulars. In all probability we shall 
none of us behold another scene so imposing. The worthies 
of our revolution are fast dropping away, and the furrows of 
time are deep on the few that remain. — If we but act our 
part in life as well as they have theirs, posterity will receive 
a rich legacy indeed." 

General La Fayette left Boston on Tuesday morning for 
Portsmouth, in the state of New Hampshire, intending to 
pass through Marblehead, Salem and Newburyport, on his 
way to the former place. A number of distinguished citi- 
zens, and a committee of the City Council accompanied him 
to the northern line of the city ; and the Governor's aids 
attended him to the extreme part of the state, adjoining New 
Hampshire. On his route he was greeted by the inhabitants 
of Chelsea, Lynn, and Marblehead, with great feeling and 
respect, alike honourable to themselves and gratifying to the 
friend and guest of the nation. Addresses were also made 
to him, in these several towns, expressive of their gratitude 
for his services, and of the lively sense they had of his pres- 
ent visit to the country. 

In passing through Lynn, General La Fayette was receiv- 
ed by the citizens with distinguished marks of respect. 



284. T^E TOUR OF 

At about half past 8 oVlock, he arrived at the bridge, 
(over the draw of which was thrown a handsome arch,) 
under the escort of the Boston company of cavalrj^, which 
immediately joined the other battahon ; when the whole 
moved towards the Hotel. 

On the arrival of the procession at the Hotel, which 
was very handsomely decorated with flags and ever-greens, 
the following address was delivered to the General by John 
White, Esq. the Chairman of the Committee of Arrange- 
ments : 

"General — The inhabitants of this town have chosen me 
their organ, to greet you with a sincere and hearty welcome, ! 
on this joyful occasion. A duty on which I enter with ming- I 
led emotions of profound veneration, gratitude and affection J 
towards you, Sir, our nation's early, disinterested and unva- | 
rying friend and benefactor. i 

" The deep, intense, and indelible feelings of this free and | 
happy republic towards you, General, whoso eminently and 
successfully contributed to raise her to her present proud 
and powerful attitude among the nations of the earth, can be 
no more forcibly illustrated, than in that spontaneous horn- j 
age of the heart, which you see displayed around you, on 
your arrival upon our favoured shores ; and which, like a 
halo of glory, encircles you in your progress through our 
country. This, General, is a language not to be misunder- 
stood, compared with which the most laboured declamation 
must be faint and powerless. | 

*' Although your present appearance among us, like the , 
transit of a brilliant and beneficent planet, commissioned to j 
proclaim good will to man, in its rapid career among innu- j 
merable worlds, is short and fleeting, the emanations of the i 
bright and joyous light which it sheds around you, will coa- I 
tinue with us to guide our steps, and cheer our hearts to the 
latest moment of our existence. 

*' Permit me now, General, to express my individual joy 
at the happy consummation of those ardent wishes, which 1 
had the honour to express to you twelve years since, in your 
native country — for you have re-visited us, and you see that 
*' all hearts and arms are open to receive you." 

To this the General made a very affectienatc reply. 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 285 

The General was then conducted to the Hall, where he 
was introduced by the chairman to the ladies, committee of 
arrangements, municipal officers, revolutionary soldiers, 
clergy, and aiany citizens, but being engaged to breakfast at 
Marblehead, his stay was restricted to thirty minutes. 
On leaving the Hotel, the General ascended the barouche, 
with the chairman of the committee, and the procession pro- 
ceeded through the town. At the western end of the com- 
mon was erected a beautiful civic arch, most elegantly decor- 
ated with ever-greens, surmounted by a wreath enclosing the 
following inscription : 

" Welcome La Fajette ! Conqueror of hearts ;" 
on the top of which was perched a beautiful gilt Eagle. Sus- 
pended under the arch by festoons of evergreens was a 
wreath, surrounding this inscription. 

" Washington and La Fayette." 

After passing this arch, the procession entered between 
tvvolines of children of the town, neatly and prettily dressed, 
who threw boquets of flowers before the General, and into 
his carriage. Next in order were two long lines of the cit- 
izens, reaching to another very handsome arch of ever- 
green, under which was suspended a wreath surrounding 
these words: "October 19th, 1781." The procession 
continued over the common towards Market-street, through 
ivhich he passed, and at its entrance passed under a beauti- 
ful canopy, formed on one side by a majestic elm, and on the 
other by large treets planted for the occasion, united at the 
top, and tastefully hung with wreaths and garlands of flower. 
At this place was the following inscription : 

" Welcome La Fayette, to thee we owe the sweets of 
Liberty." 

On the entrance of the procession to Front-street, anoth- 
er beautiful arch was presented, to which was suspended, 
mder thirteen sun flowers, representing stars, this inscrip- 
tion : 
' Thou gavest to us thirteen talents. Lo ! we have gained 

eleven more. — Receive our gratitude." 
Jnder this inscription were eleven other sun flowers. In 
Broad-street was another handsome arch, made entirely of 
rees, wreaths and garlands, on which was the following in^ 
icription : 

" The voice of ten millions welcome^" 



'2S6 THE TOUR OF 

• 
The procession then passed into Chesnut-street, and 
through part of Fayette-street, into Essex-street, where an- 
other magniticent arch was erected, most beautifully decora- 
ted, on the centre of which was inscribed " 1776," and be- 
low this, was inscribed these words : 

'' The man whom the people delight to honour. — Wel- 
come La Fayette. — Yorktown. — Monmouth." 

On the reverse, being the last arch, was this inscription : 
" Tho' lost to sight, to memory dear." 

The procession moved in fine style through this arch, and 
})roceeded to the eastern boundary line of the town, where 
the Lynn escort delivered their illustrious guest to the au- 
thorities of Marblehead. A salute of 13 guns was fired by 
the Lynn and Danvers Artillery, on the entrance of the Gen- 
eral upon the lines of the town, and another of 24 guns 
when he passed over the Common. All the bells of the 
town were rung while he was in it. 

On his entrance into Marblehead, he was saluted by 13' 
guns from a battery erected on the heights at the entrance 
of the town, and greeted by shouts of applause and welcome; 
from the whole population, who, with the troops of the towm 
were assembled for his reception ; and was conducted to the] 
house provided to receive him under a national salute of: 
24 guns from Major Greene's battalion of Artillery. Here 
he was introduced to the Authorities of the town, by thd! 
Hon. N. Hooper, who had accompanied the General in his- 
carriage from Lynn, and was addressed in behalf of the town i 
b}' the Hon. John Prince, chairman of the committee ; after! 
which, our illustrious guest with his suite, and several stran-j 
gers of distinction, partook of a breakfast in the public hall, i 
arranged in a style of superior elegance. i 

After breakfast the General was conducted to anotherii 
apartment, where all the citizens, the officers of the brigade, 
and many strangers were most cordlaTIyTeceived by him ; 
among whom were several revolutionary soldiers, and the 
Pilot who landed him in Marblehead on his second arrival ini 
this country, whom he recognized, and saluted with marks of, 
the highest satisfaction. I, 

He also expressed a wish to have a particular interview 
with some of the descendants of the late General Glover^t; 
with whom he was formerly in habits of intimacy ; and waalj 
accordingly, with his suite, conducted to the house of Rob- f, 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 287 

ert Hooper, Esq. On being introduced to Mrs. Hooper, 
daughter of the late General, he was much affected, and ex- 
pressed the highest interest at meeting a child of his old and 
particular friend. 

After being escorted through the principal streets of the 
town, he was accompanied by the Committee of Arrange- 
ments to the Salem line, under another salute of 24 guns, 
and the loud and gratulatory shouts of the warm-hearted 
inhabitants. 

His reception at Salem was very distinguished and splendid. 
At the entrance of the town, he was met by the Selectmen 
and committee, a numerous cavalcade, and a large body of 
citizens in carriages, and received a salute of artillery ; on 
advancing a short distance within the bounds of the town, 
the bells commenced ringing, and the escort was joined by a 
hatta M m^ of light infantry, and a body of seamen, of about 
two Hifidred, in blue jackets and white trowsers, with rib- 
bons on their hats, stamped with the name of La Fayette. 

With the hearty cheers of these hard}^ sons of Neptune, 
he General appeared to be peculiarly impressed. Over 
pouth Salem bridge were two tastefully decorated arches — 
)ne bearing the inscription " Welcome Illustrious Ciuef I 
Receive the pledges of thy Children to sustain with fidelity the 
yrinciples that first associated La Fayette with the destinies 
)f America.'^'' These arches were surrounded by an im- 
nense number of citizens, who made the air ring with their 
luzzas and welcomes. The figure of an Indian Chief char- 
cteristically dressed, bore labels inscribed " La Fayette and, 
jiberty. Welcome generous La Fayette.-^ 

The procession passed through the principal streets, 
?hich were thronged with spectators ; while the windows 

the houses were crowded with females, all eager to see 
nd welcome the heroic visitor. 

Civic Arches, historical and patriotic inscriptions, memor- 
ble eras, wreaths of flowers and evergreens, banners and 
ags, were displayed in many of the streets, enlivening the 
3ene, animating the cheers, and affording grateful recollec- 
ons. 

Central street was gaily dressed in colours,, and on an ele- 
mtarch were inscribed the names of distinguished patriols 
f the revolution, crowned with those of Washington and 
A Fayette. In North-street a similar arch bore the in- 



288 THE TOUR OF 

scription : — *' Honor to him who fought and hledf^r the hap- 
piness and peace we now enjoy. ''^ Oq an arch at Buffum's 
corner, was inscribed, " La Fayette, the friend of Liberty, 
"joe welcome to the land of liberty. He did not forget us in our 
adversity — In our prosperity we remember his services with 
gratitude.''^ Near the above, another arch bore a likeness 
of La Fayette, surmounted bv an eagle. 

Near the avenue leading to e bridge, at which, in Febru- 
ary, 1775, Colonel Leslie, wi: a detachment of the British i 
64th regiment, met with a rep^itie in an attempt to carry off! 
some cannon deposited in the vicinity, were banners, withi 
the following inscription : — <j 

" Leslie^ s Repulse, 1775. ,^ 

La Fayette^ s Renown, 1824." 

In Winter-street an arch bore the following inscription on 
Imerican duck, made at the factory in Salem — ^^ 

AMERICAN DUCK. ^' 

'' While winds shall blow, and seas shall roll. 
While aught remains that's good and great, 

Our Native Duck, from pole to pole, 
Shall waft the fame of La Fayette." 

Washington-square was decorated with two arches, taste- 
fully ornamented, one bearing the name of the General, int 
oaken characters, and the second a bust of Washington. 

On Washington-square the General passed between two* 
lines of boys, about one thousand in number, arrayed undei 
their respective instructors, all bearing La Fayette badges. 
One of the gates of the square bore this inscription. — " Tht 
children welcome with joy, the illustrious benefactor of theii 
fathers.'^' And as the General passed, they shouted " Wel- 
come La Fayette.''^ 

Notwithstanding the heavy rain, this youthful band couU 
not be prevailed upon to leave the ground, but remainec 
bravely at their post, until they had shared with their par 
ents in the honor and happiness of greeting the nation's gues| 

From Washington Square the procession passed to the L 
Fayette Coffee House, in Essex-street, where, upon a stag 
erected in front of the house, the General and his suite, tht 
invited guests, and other gentlemen of distinction, were r© 
ceived by the Committee of Arrangements. Judge Story 
the President of the day, in presence of the committee an< 
company upon the stage, and of an immense concourse c 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 289 

]l>eople, then delivered in the most interesting and elegant 
manner to General La Fayette the following Address : 

" General La Fayette — 

Sir — Forty years have elapsed since the inhabitants of 
this town had the pleasure to welcome you within its limits. 
Many who then hailed your arrival with pride and exulta-^ 
tion, have descended to the grave, and cannot greet you on 
your long desired return. But, thanks to a good Providence, 
many are yet alive who recollect with grateful sensibility 
the universal joy of that occasion. Your disinterested zeal 
in embarking in a cause, deemed almost hopeless — your per- 
sonal sacrifices in quitting a home endeared by all the bles- 
sings with which affection and virtue can adorn life — your 
toils and perils in the conflicts of war and the vicissitudes of 
a discouraging service — your modest dignity and enthusiasm 
on receiving the homage of a free people — these were all 
fresh in their memories, and gave an interest to the scene, 
which cannot be described, but which Time has hallowed 
with his most touching grace. I stand now in the presence 
of some, venerable in age and character, who were the de- 
lighted witnesses of that interview, and whose hearts again 
glow with the feelings of that happy day. 

** To us of a younger generation — the descendants of your 
early friends and companions inarms — a different, but not 
less interesting privilege belongs. We are allowed the en- 
viable distinction of meeting, in his riper years, one, whom 
our Fathers loved in their youth. We welcome you to our 
country — to our homes — to our hearts. We have read the 
history of your achievements — your honours — and your 
sufferings. They are associated with all that is dear to us — 
with the battle grounds consecrated by the blood of our he- 
roes — with the tender recollections of our departed states- 
men — with the affectionate reverence of our surviving pat- 
riots. Can we forget that we were poor and struggling alone 
in the doubtful contest for Independence, and you crossed 
the Atlantic at the hazard of fortune and fame to cheer us in 
our resistance ? That you re-crossed it to solicit naval and 
military succours from the throne of France, and returned 
with triumphant success ? That your gallantry in the south- 
ern campaigns checked the inroads of a brave and confident 
enemy ? That your military labours closed but with the 

26 



390 TqE TOUR OF 

surrender at Yorktown, and thus indissolubly united yout 
name with the proud events of that glorious day. We can 
not forget these things, if we would. — We would not forget 
them if we could. They will not be forgotten, until Amer- 
ica ceases to be a Nation. 

" But we have yet higher sources of gratification on the pre- 
sent occasion. You have been the friend not merely of 
America, but of France, and of the cause of Liberty through- 
out the World. During a long life, and in the most trying 
scenes, you have done no act for which virtue need blush, or 
humanity weep. Your private character has not cast a shade 
on your public honors. In the palaces of Paris and the dun- 
geons of Olmutz, m the splendor of power, and the gloom of 
banishment, you have been the friend of justice, and the as- 
serter of the rights of man. — Under every misfortune you 
have never deserted your principles. What earthly prize 
can afford consolations like this ? The favor of Princes and" 
the applause of Senates sink into absolute nothingness in 
comparison with the approving conscience of a life devoted 
to the good of mankind. At this very moment you are real- 
izing the brightest visions of your youth in the spectacle of 
ten millions of people prosperous and happy under a free 
government, whose moral strength consists in the courage 
and intelhgence of its citizens. These millions welcome you 
to the shores of the West with spontaneous unanimity ; and 
the voice which now addresses you, feeble as it is, repeats 
but the thoughts that are ready to burst from the lips of ev- 
ery American." 

To which the General made the following very appropri- 
ate and affecting reply : 

*' On my happy return to this shore of liberty, I had anti- 
cipated the pleasure to revisit the town of Salem, to witness 
her so much increased prosperity, to recal with surviving 
old friends, our revolutionary recollections. But in the 
affectionate welcome of the new generations, I find additional 
causes for delightful gratification . 

*' You have been pleased, Sir, to allude to several circum- 
stances of my life. The first of them I have shared in com- 
mon with my dear companions during our American glorious 
struggle. In the transactions of another hemisphere, I have 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 291 

made it a constant object not to be unworthy of the Ameri- 
can education it had been my happy lotto receive. 

" 1 request you, Sir, the gentlemen of the committee, and 
all the citizens of Salem, to accept of the respectful thank^ 
of a grateful and very anciently affectionate heart." 

A very impressive circumstance occurred in the delivery o* 
the Honorable President's address, which produced an elec- 
tric effect upon all present ; after enumerating the distin- 
guished benefits conferred upon our country by La Fayette, 
he said, " we could not forget them if we would — we would 
not forget them if we could" — A spontaneous assent was im- 
mediately returned by the crowd, No, never ! and was re- 
peated by thousands of voices accompanied by deafening 
shouts of applause. The General was then introduced to 
the citizens ot the town, and other gentlemen, among whom 
were several revolutionary officers and soldiers, who had 
come from various parts of the country to welcome their 
old General, who recalled to his memory many striking 
incidents which occurred in the revolutionary war, in differ- 
ent parts of the country while they were serving under his 
command. At 3 o'clock the General was escorted to Ham- 
ilton Hall by the battalion of Light Infantry. 

A company of about three hundred gentlemen, with their 
invited guests, partook of a very sumptuous dinner at the 
Hall, at which the Honorable Judge Story presided. 

This spacious and elegant Hall (which bears the name of 
the lamented friend of La Fayette,) was decorated with great 
taste and eleg-ince by the ladies of Salem, who contributed 
their share to the preparations for this welcome visit. The 
whole effect was beyond our power of description. The 
Orchestra was ornamented with wreaths and festoons of 
flowers and evergreens, encircling the inscriptions — 
Welcome, welcome, be the brave 
To the homes he fought to save. 
La Fayette, our friend in times which tried men's souls. 
La Grange. 
La Fayette in America ; 
Ou pent on etre mieux 
Qu' au sein de sa famille. 

Under the Orchestra was suspended a golden harp, beau- 
tifully ornamented. In a recess above the chair of our dis- 



1>92 THE TOUR OF 

* 

tinguished guest wasabtist of Washington, crowned with ar 
olive wreath, the American Eagle holding a crown over thr 
head of La Fayette, and an elegant arch supported by col- 
umns containing the names of the Presidents of the United 
States. 

On each side of this were triumphal arches, and all werr 
decorated with wreaths of flowers and evergreens. 

Inscriptions were displayed in other parts of the hall ; 
among them the following : 

Hail, gallant chief, our country's early friend. 
Long life be thine, and brightening to the end. 
Though France claim thy birth, here at home shalt thou be. 
For thine is the love of the brave and the free. 

The columns were ornamented with wreaths of oak leaves 
and the room was hung with festoons of flowers, ever-green^ 
and flags. The elegant chandelier and lamps, mirrors and 
window curtains, were beautifully encircled with wreaths and 
festoons. Flowers, plants, and rich and beautiful paintings, 
were distributed in various places. The whole arrange- 
ment discovered great taste and elegance. 

Among the invited guests, were the son and suite of our 
illustrious guest. General Dearborn, his Excellency the Co- 
lombian Minister, Colonel Pickering and Colonel Lee, of the 
revolutionary army. Colonel Harris and Everett, aids of his- 
Excellency the Governor, General H. A. S. Dearborn, Gen- 
eral Wingate, of Portland, and the ordained clergy of the 
town. 

About half past 5 o'clock General La Fayette look leave 
of the company at the Hall, attended by a deputation from 
the Committee of Arrangements, who were instructed to 
accompany him to Ipswich, but the General intreated the 
committee to dispense with this attention, on account of the 
inclemency of the weather, and he was escorted out of town 
by the battalion of cavalry. Upon the return of the sub- 
committee to the Hall, the circumstance being reported, the 
following toast was given by their chairman : 

" The hero, who is as attentive to the little conveniences, 
as to the most important liberties of his friends." 

At Beverly and Ipswich he received from the assembled 
inhabitants, the same cordial welcome with which he had 
been greeted in other towns, through which he passed. 
The selectmen of these places waited on him, and oflered 
him the congratulations of their fellow citizens j the people 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 29c; 

greeted him with repeated cheers of " welcome, welcome La 
Fayette ;" and arches were erected at several public places, 
containing appropriate mottos. The houses of the villages 
throug!i which he passed, after the evening set in, were bril- 
liantly illuminated. 

The following address was delivered at Beverly, by the 
Honorable Robert Rantoul : 

" General — The inhabitants of Beverly bid you welcome. 
We welcome you to our country — that country which owes 
so much to your aid in the acquisition of her independence. 
We receive you not merely as the friend of our beloved 
country, but as the friend of man. Your labours, your sac- 
rifices, your sufferings in the cause of liberty, demand our 
gratitude. Tyrants receive the commanded adulation of 
their slaves, but to the benefactors of our race belong the 
spontaneous effusions of our hearts. Accept our sincere 
congratulations that you live to witness the order, the pros- 
perity, the happiness that results from our free institutions ; 
and may the evening of your days be solaced with the re- 
flection that those principles of government, to the support 
of which your life has been devoted, and which alone can 
secure the enjoyment of rational liberty, are fast spreading 
their influence through the whole family of man. Wishing 
you long life and uninterrupted happiness we bid you fare- 
well." 

It was evening when he arrived at Ipswich, and the weath- 
er was very inclement. The inhabitants had, therefore, 
assembled in the meeting house to receive him. Thither he 
was conducted by a committee of the town ; and on his en- 
trance, he was greeted with great exultation and joy. One 
of the committee addressed him as follows : 

1 •' General La Fayette — 

I ** Accept from the people of Ipswich, their cordial coa- 
gratulations on your arrival in their country and within their 
own borders. To this ancient town, Sir, we bid you a joy- 
ful welcome. 

*' Haying devoted to our beloved country, m her weak 
and critical situation, the vigor of your youth and the resour- 
ces of a mind intent on the cause of freedom and humanity, 
25* 



294 THE TOUR OF 

• 
and committed to a common lot with her, your own destinies*- 
that country can never forget the services you rendered, and 
the sacritices you incurred, for her defence and protection, 
when assailed by overbearing power. 

'• We rejoice in having an opportunity of presenting our- 
selves in this house, consecrated to the worship of the God 
of our fathers, who has kindly raised up friends and patrons 
of the cause of our country and of liberty, to pay to you our 
grateful respect for your eminent labours. 

" Most of those who acted in, or witnessed the great scenes 
in which you bore so conspicuous a part, have now descend- 
ed to the tombs of their fathers. The present generation 
can rehearse only what they have heard with their ears, and 
their fathers have told them. But the name of La Fayette is . 
-not confined to any generation. While the liberties of Amer- 
ica shall endure, it will descend from fother to son, associated 
with those of the immortal Washington, and other heroes 
and sages of our revolution, as the friend of our country, of 
liberty, and of man. 

*' Illustrious benefactor — may the blessings of Heaven 
ever attend you, and may your remaining days be as happy. 
as your past have been perilous, useful and honorable." 

To which the General made the following reply : — 

'* Sir — The attentions paid me by my American friends, I 
receive with inexpressible gratitude. I regret that so many 
of my friends here, should be exposed on my account to this 
storm. 1 have ever considered it my pride and my honor^ 
that I embarked in the cause of Independence in this coun- 
try ; and I rejoiced when I found myself -xgain landed on the 
American shores. You, kind Sir, the people of this- town, 
aud all who are assembled in this solemn place, will please 
to accept my thanks for this expression of your attachment^ 
and receive m}' best wishes for your individual prosperity 
;ind happiness." 

He reached Newburyport a little past 10 o'clock, where 
he passed the night. His lodgings were the same which 
Washington occupied, when he made his tour through the 
northern states, in 1789, the first year of his presidency. 
The following address was made to him, by the chairman of 
a committee of that town : 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 295 

•' General La Fayette — 
** The citizens of Newburyport are happy in this oppor- 
tunity of greeting, with the warmest welcome, a distinguished 
henefdctor of their country. 

" The important services, which you rendered this peo- 
ple in the day of their distress ; the devotedness which you 
manifested in their perilous cause, and the dangers which 
you sought for their relief, are incorporated in our history, 
and tirmly engraven upon our hearts. 

" We would lead you to our institutions of learning, char- 
ity and religion ; we would point you to our hills and vallies 
covered with flocks, and smiling in abundance, that you may 
behold the happy effects of those principles of liberty, which 
you was so instrumental in establishing. 

" Our children cluster about you to receive a patriot's 
blessing. Our citizens press forward to show their grati* 
tade. Our n ition pays you a tribute, which must remove 
the reproach that republics are ungrateful. 

*' As the zealous advocate for civil liberty, we bid you 
welcome ; as the brave defender of an oppressed people, 
we make you welcome ; as the friend and associate of our 
immortal Washington, we bid you welcome." 

General La Fayette replied in his usually courteous and 
animated manner, and evinced his great sensibility to the 
kind and friendly greetings with which he had been received. 
He here also met several veterans of the revolutionary ar- 
my ; a gratification which he enjoyed in almost every place 
he visited. Though the number is rapidly lessening, a few 
remain in mo.^t of the populous towns of the Commonwealth. 
One of those presented to General La Fayette at this place;, 
was Mr. Daniel Foster, one of the non-commissioned officers 
of the Light Infantry corps, commanded by " the Marquis" 
in 1780, and who brought with him the cutlass which he then 
gave to the non-commissioned officers of the select corps. 
[He also made a present of a handsome cut-and-thrust sword 
to each Officer of the Light Infantry, his favorite corps. 1 The. 
General greeted the old soldier with cordiality, and on see- 
ing his own mark on the blade, assured him he looked upon 
him as " one of his own family." 

He left Newburyport Wednesday morning for the capital 
of New-Hampshire. The escort contemplated to have at" 



296 THE TOUR OF 

tended him on his way to the bounds of the state, was prevented 
by the heavy rain. It was at his urgent request that it was 
dispensed with. The committee of the town however, accom- 
panied him to Hampton, where he was met by a deputation 
from Portsmouth, and conducted on his intended route. When 
passing through Greenland, a procession of the citizens was 
formed, by which he was attended through the village. 
Here he was welcomed also by salutes from an artillery com- 
pany, by civic arches, and repeated acclamations of the as- 
sembled people. One of the arches was supported by two 
young ladies, representing Liberty and Peace. One presen- 
ted him with a wreath, adorned with flowers, and said, " Ven- 
erable sire^ condescend to receive this emhlera of the heroes 
glory ^ as the token of a nation's gratitude and love.^* The 
other presented him the olive branch, saying, " Good and 
> peaceful servant, peace and happiness await you.^^ He re- 
ceived these with complacency, took each young lady by the 
hand, and made an affectionate reply. 

He then proceeded to Portsmouth, where he arrived about ; 
noon. He was conducted into this town by an escort on I 
horseback, and a procession of carriages, (the whole extend- i| 
ing two miles) composed of the civil, judicial and legislative Ij 
authorities ; officers of the Unit-id States, and of New-Hamp- 
shire, &LC. &c. The margin of the avenue leading to the 
centre of the town, was lined with children, with the inhab- 
itants of both sexes in the rear ; who greeted him with their 
cordial welcomes and repeated acclamations. Salutes were 
fired, and the bells rang a joyous peal ; and the streets 
through which the procession passed, were crowned with 
arches, decorated with wreaths of ever-green and garlands 
of flowers. The procession moved through several streets 
to Franklin Hall : and here when General La Fayette alight- 
ed, the chairman of the Selectmen addressed him thus : 

*« Sir — The Selectmen of Portsmouth, in behalf of their 
fellow citizens, most respectfully and heartily bid you wel- 
come. 

" Enjoying, as we do, the happiness of a free government, 
we cannot but feel grateful to all, by whose exertions it was 
obtained. Those intrepid men among ourselves, who in the 
hour of danger stood forth in defence of their country's j 
rights, hare a lasting claim upon our regard. But in con- ] 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. ^7 

tending for the liberty of their country, they were striving 
to secure their own happiness, and the prosperity of their 
children. They found a motive for exertion in their own in- 
;erest ; which, while it derogates nothing from the value of 
:heir services, places in light, the pure zeal and contempt 
if private advantage, which \ec\ you to our aid, from the 
•hores of a foreign land. Their love of liberty was necessa- 
I'lly the sentiment of patriotism ; yoiws was an ardent desire 
or the general welfare of mankind. 

*' After an absence of forty years form our country, most 
)f which have been passed in scenes of unexampled excite- 
nent and perplexity, it gives us peculiar pleasure to find 
/ou still the firm and consistent friend of liberal principles, 
Ye have watched the progress of your eventful life with un- 
ifTected sympathy ; whether at the head of the National 
jruards, in the dungeons of MagfTv^burg and Olmutz, in the 
I^hamber of Deputies, we have found nothing to lessen our 
esteem for the early friend of America. 

" Permit us then to receive you as our guest ; and to pay 
ou such honors as are in our power to bestov/. They are 
he voluntary tribute of warm 'and grateful hearts. We wish 
lur children to learn, that eminent virtue affords the highest 
laim to honorable distinction ; and that among a free people^ 
aerit will not fail of its appropriate reward. 

' We beg you to accept our sincere wishes for your health 
nd happiness, and our prayers will be offered, that your 
xample may animate the wise and good in every nation, to 
ontend manfully and perseveringly for the freedom and hap- 
»iness of the world." 

To which the General made the following reply : 

"Gentlemen — It would have been to me an inexpressible 
ratification on this first visit to the eastern parts of the 
Jnion, after so long an absence, to have been able to present 
he several towns of New-Hampshire with my personal re- 
pect, and to have witnessed the great improvement of a 
tate, to which I am bound by early sentiments of attach- 
lent and gratitude. 

' Obliged as I find myself, to take a southern course to- 
wards the seat of government, at Washington, 1 am happy 
5 revisit at least the town of Portsmouth, where the re- 



e^8 THE TOUR OF 

memberance of past favors mingles with most grateful feel- 
ings for your present affectionate and flattering reception. 

*' I thank you, gentlemen, for your constant concern in i 
my behalf, during the vicissitudes to which you are pleased to 
allude. The approbation of a free, virtuous, and enlightened I 
people, would be the highest reward for any one who knows' 
how to value true glory ; still more so, when it is bestowed I 
on an adopted son. 

'' To the citizens of Portsmouth and their worthy Select-S 
men, I offer my most respectful and affectionate acknowledg-| 
ments." *l 

Governor Morril gave him the hearty welcome of the! 
State, in the following address : :| 

"General — Forty years .have rolled away since you left ji 
this asylum of liberty, for your country. During this event- 
ful period our cities have advanced, and villages have been 
reared ; but our Langdon, our Chilley, our Poor, our SulHvan, 
and our Washington, have passed from the stage of human ac- 
tion, and are gone to the land of their fathers. Although 
they are gone, their sons survive, and the patriotism and love 
of liberty which animated their breasts, and excited them tO) 
those glorious acts, during our revolution, in which you, Sir, 
shone so conspicuously, are now cherished in the bosoms of 
their posterity ; — and we rejoice to be numbered among 
them ; — and in the name of the patriotic citizens of New- 
Hampshire generally, allow me to say, that i: is with no ordi- , 
ry emotions we receive and welcome you to our State. j 

" We receive you, Sir, as the friend of our nation, of liber- ' 
ty, and the rights of man. 

" We welcome you as the magnanimous hero, who in ear- 
ly life, from the most pure and disinterested motives, quitted 
your native country, and repaired to these Colonies, then 
the seat of war, (contending for independence) to embark in 
the struggle for the preservation of those rights, and the ' 
achievement of those privileges, which are more precious 
to the patriot than life itself And, Sir, it is our ardent de- 
sire, that the gratitude of republics, but more especially of 
the Republic of the United States, and the smiles of Heaven, 
may rest upon you to the last period of your life." 

The General, in his characteristic reply, alluded ver}^ 
afifectionately to his departed associates 5 and the mteresting 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 299 

hanges which had taken place since he left the country. It 
3 not necessary to add, that he expressed with emotion his 
icknowledgements for the cordiality of his welcome. 

Numerous presentations took place ; — of which were at 
east thirty old soldiers. These scenes are always in the 
kighest degree interesting and affecting. They are all heart, 
—He recognized General Smith of Portland, who served as 
vaptain in his favourite Light Infantry for three years. On 
ilasping the hands of these associates in perils and adversi- 
y, he continually repeats " lam very happy. ''^ The dinner 
pas suraptiious. — The Hon. Mr. Parrott presided, assisted 
>y N. A. Haven, E. Cutts,jun. E. G. Parott, L. Boardman, 
5. Penhallaw, E. Roberts, W. M. Shackford, and S. Larkin, 
^sq'rs. The toasts were very good. 

The President associated "General La Fayette and the 
Ughts of Man." 

General La Fayette responded — " the town of Ports- 
louth — May the blessings of the republican institutions ever 
ive the lie to the narrow, selfish sophistry of European Ar- 
tocracy and Despotism." 

There was a very splendid ball in the evening, in honour 
f La Fayette, which he attended, and where a great num- 
er of ladies were presented to him. He left Portsmouth, 
1 o'clock at night, to return to Boston, having engaged to 
e there on Thursday morning. While at Portsmouth he 
iceived pressing invitations to visit Exeter and Dover, but 
as obliged to decline them. 

He reached Boston about 7 o'clock, Thursday morning ; 
id after taking some necessary repose, he received a num- 
er of revolutionary officers and soldiers ; and deputations 
om several towns in the interior, lying on his route to Con- 
2cticut. He then repaired to the Council Chamber, and 
ok leave of the Governor and other members of the 
iipreme Executive ; and afterwards set off for Lexington 
id Concord, and thence to Bolton, on his way to Worces- 
r. He left Boston at about two o'clock, in a carriage pro- 
ded by the State for his accommodation, and attended by 
e Committee of Arrangements of the city, and by the Gov- 
•nor's aids, who waited on him to the bounds of Connecti- 
it. When he left the city, he expressed the gratification 
d delight he had experienced from the interesting recol- 
ctions which had occurred to his mind, and from the great 



300 THE TOUR OF 

cordiality and affection with which he had been received. 
The Mayor assured him, that he and others were happy in 
the opportunity they had to manifest their attachment and I 
respect to the early and faithful friend of the nation, and the : 
firm and uniform friend of civil liberty. 

When he passed through West Cambridge, the whole 
population of the town were assemble to honour the friend 
and guest of the nation, and to gratify their patriotic feelings 
by beholding this justly celebrated personage. 

The civic arch which extended across the road near the " 
meeting-house, in West Cambridge, bore this inscription : 
*' Welcome ! Friend of Washington ! 
Fayette ! Fair Freedom's champion !" 

Artillery corps stationed on the eminences adjoining the 
public roa:l saluted him as he passed ; and the country rung: 
with loud huzzas and joyful acclamations. At the line of: 
Lexington, he was received by a troop of horse, and caval- ' 
cade of citizens, who conducted him into that ancient town.,! 
On his way, he passed under an arch, bearing this inscrip-'l 
tion — *' Welcome, friend of America, to the birth place of 
American liberty. ^^ Salutes were again fired, and he was \ 
then conducted to the monument erected in memory of the 
attack of the British troops upon the mihtia of that place, , 
April 19th, 1775. He was here welcomed and addressed by/j 
one of the citizens, E. Phinney, Esq. in behalf of the town, 
as follows : 

" General— In behalf of the Committee of Arrangements, j 
and the inhabitants of Lexington, allow me, Sir, to tender j 
you the assurance of their most respectful and cordial wel- 
come to this town. Impressed with a sense of the impor- 
tant services you have rendered to this country, they meet| 
you on this occasion, and upon this ^memorable spot, with 
hearts swelling with every emotion which a generous love i 
for your exalted character, and a grateful remembrance of j 
the distinguished lustre of your deeds, can inspire. 

" On this hallowed ground, consecrated by the blood of! 
the first martyrs to liberty, was kindled that flame which] 
roused a nation to arms, and conducted them through peril! 
and blood, to a glorious independence. Here a small band ' 
of patriots, hurled the first signal of defiance to a host in.| 
arm?, and taught the enemies of their country, the appal- ^ 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 301 

ng truth, that Americans dared to die in defence of their 
ights. 

*' These hardy and virtuous yeomanry of our country, 
)ffer yon the sincere tribute of their warmest affections. 
Imong them, your presence has awakened emotions too 
)Owerful for utterance. With the name of La Fayette, is 
issociated every comfort which sweetens the fruit of their 
oil, every charm which crowns the altar of domestic hap- 
)iness. Under the shadow of that glorious fabric, which 
our hand assisted in rearing, they repose in peace and se- 
curity. 

"Permit us, Sir, in common with grateful millions, to 
xpress our earnest solicitations, that a life which has, for so 
nany ^-^ears, been steadily devoted to the cause of rational 
iberty ; which has so long encountered without dismay the 
"rowns of arbitrary power, may be preserved for many years 
come, a blessing and an honour to mankind ; and when 
ou, Sir, and your brave associates in the war of the revo- 
ution, shall have ceased from your earthly labours, instead 
f the Fathers, may their children rise up to bless your 
nemory, and emulate your virtues." 

The General in his reply, alluded with sensibility to the 
9leasure he felt in being able so early to visit scenes so me- 
norable. 

Near the monument, he was introduced io fourteen of the 
nilitia company, which had assembled at that time, and on 
»vhom the regular troops fired, when eight of the number 
vere slain. 

After this very interesting scene. General La Fayette 
[)roceeded to Concord, and was met at the line, between 
•hat place and Lexington, by a committee of the town, and a 
respectable cavalcade of the intelligent yeomanfy of the 
ncinity ; there was also an escort composed of several com- 
panies of the militia. The procession thus formed, moved 
lowards the village, and the disinterested visitor was con- 
ducted to a spacious bower, prepared for his reception, and 
;astefully decorated with ever-greens and flowers, by the 
ladies of Corncord. As he entered the village, he received 
1 salute from the artillery corps, and the vocal salutations of 
he inhabitants of both sexes, who had assembled to present 
Him their grateful offerings. The peals of the village bell 

26 



302 THE TOUR OF ^ 

prolonged the acclamations of the admiring throng. The* 
following inscription was to be seen in a conspicuous place in 
the arbor — " In 1775, the people of Concord met the enemies 
of liberty ; In 1824, they welcome the hold asserter of the 
rights of inan^ La Fayette." A sumptuous repast was pro- 
vided for the occasion ; and the tables were covered with all 
the delicacies the season and country could afford. 

When General La Fayette had entered the arbor, one ot^ 
the citizens addressed him in the following speech : 

*' The inhabitants of Concord, by this delegation, welcome 
you, General, to their village. We thank you for afibrding 
us an opportunity here to offer our humble tribute of grati- 
tude, for services long since rendered, but still held in lively 
recollection. You, Sir, now behold the spot on which the 
first forcible resistance was made to a system of measures cal- 
culated to deprive the whole people of these States of the 
privileges of freemen. You approved this resistance. A 
just estimate of the value of rational liberty led you disin- 
terestedly, to participate with strangers in the toils, the pri- 
vations, and the dangers of an arduous contest. From the ' 
19th day of April, 1775, here noted in blood, to the memo- 
rable day in Yorktown, your heart and your sword were with 
us. Ten milUons of grateful people now enjoy the fruits of 
this struggle. We can but repeat to you. Sir, the cordial, 
affectionate, respectful welcome offered you at your first ar- 
rival on oui shores, and which we are assured will be reiter- 
ated wherever you move on American ground." . 

The General was, as usual, extremely happy in hife reply 
and alluded with sensibility to the memorable scenes < 
April 19th, 1775. 

The ladies of Concord and vicinity, were present at thi- 
civic and patriotic repast ; and it added much to the interest 
and splendour of the scene. Coffee was served up, as a 
counter-part of the entertainment ; and La Fayette appear- 
ed to be highly pleased with the hearty reception which he 
met in this hospitable town. Some revolutionary charactei 
called upon him here, who had not before seen him since 1 
arrived, and were received with great cordiality. H- 
spoke of the gun which had been shown him in Boston, by 
an inhabitant of Coiicord or vicinity, and which was first 
fired against the ministerial troops of Britain, He said " it 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 303 

was the alarm gun to all Europe and to the world ; for it 
was the signal, which summoned the civilized world to assert 
their rights, and to become free." 

The visit at Concord was necessarily short, as he had ^i- 
gaged to pass the niglJt at Bolton, about twenty miles distant. 
He left Concord at sun-set ; and was escorted on his route 
to Bolton, by a company of cavalry, and several gentlemen 
of distinction belonging to that place and vicinity. He was 
every where greeted by the people, who collected in com- 
panies at various places, to offer him their hearty welcome. 
The houses on the road were illuminated, and bonfires were 
kindled on the adjoining hills. The militia of Bolton were 
assembled to receive him, though it was late in the evening 
when he arrived. The Selectmen offered him their saluta- 
tions and welcome, in the name of the town. He passed the 
night at the hospitable mansion of Mr. Wilder, where taste, 
variety and elegance, contributed to render his reception 
ver}^ distinguished. Mr. Wilder had resided much in France, 
and was particularly acquainted with La Fayette and family. 
Committees from Lancaster and Worcester waited on him at 
Bolton, to learn his plans, and the probable hours of his 
being in those places, and to communicate the desires of the 
people, to present him their tribute of affection and regard. 
He visited Lancaster early on Friday morning, where all 
classes of the inhabitants were assembled to bid him wel- 
come, and to express the affectionate sentiments by which 
their glowing bosoms were animated. A corps of cavalry 
still escorted him — a national salute was fired^— and the turn- 
pike gate, at the entrance of the village, was ornamented 
with garlands of flowers and ever-greens, and displayed this 
inscription : — " The Free welcome the Brave." He was 
conducted through lines, formed by the citizens of both 
sexes, to an elevated platform, prepared in the centre of the 
village, and near the church ; where he was addressed by 
the Reverend Pastor — 

"General La Fayette — In behalf of the inhabitants of 
Lancaster, I offer you their cordial congratulations on your 
arrival in a country, whose wrongs you felt and resented ; 
whose liberties you so valiantly defended ; and whose inter- 
ests and prospects have always been dear to your souL 

'' We all unite with the few surviving veterans, who wer^ 



m THE TOUR OF 

with, loved, and respected you on the high places of the, 
field, in giving you a welcome to this village, once the chosen \ 
residence of savages, and the scene of their most boasted ' 
triumph ; and rejoice that you visit it under the improve- 
ments of civilized life, in prosperity and peace. 

" It gladdens us. that we and our children may behold the 
man, whom we have believed, and whom we have taught 
them to believe, was second only to his and our friend, the 
immortal Washington. We participate in your joy, on be- 
holding our institutions in vigour, our population extended, i 
so that, since you left us, from a little one we have become 
millions, and from a small band a strong nation ; that you see 
our glory rising, our republic placed on an immoveable basi«, 
all of which are in part, under Providence, to be ascribed to 
your sacrifices, dangers and toils. 

" We wish you health and prosperity. We assure yoti 
that wherever you shall go, j'^ou will be greeted by our fellow 
countrymen, as one of the chief deliverers of America, and ; 
the friend of rational liberty, and of man. It is especially 
our prayer, that on that day in which the acclamations and 
applauses of dying men shall cease to reach or affect you, 
you may receive from the Judge of character and Dispenser 
of imperishable honours, as the reward of philanthropy ami 
incorruptible integrity, a crov/n of glory which shall never 
fade." 

It is unnecessary to add, that this eloquent and pious greet- 
ing excited strong emotions in the General, and had an im- 
pressive effect on the assemblage who heard it. 

The following is a report of General La Fayette's reply : 

" Accept my thanks. Sir, for the kind welcome you havt; 
offered me in the name of the inhabitants of Lancaster. I:* 
returning to this country after so long an absence ; in receiv- 
ing such proofs of gratitude and affection wherever I go ; in 
witnessing the prosperity of this land — a prosperity you are 
pleased to say, I have been mstrumental in promoting ; — I 
feel emotions for which no language is adequate. In meet- 
ing again my former friends, in seeing the children and grand 
children of those who were my companions in the war of 
the revolution, I feel a gratification which no words can ex- 
press. I beg you to accept. Sir, and to offer to these peo- 
pie, my grateful, my affectionate acknowledgements." 



' GE^NERAL LA FAYETTE. 306 

The surviving soldiers of the revolution were then intro- 
Huced to him, and were received with those cordial and 
touching feelings, which cannot be described. He noticed 
with aftability the interest which the ladies discovered in 
pressing forward to greet him. After receiving attentions, 
and reciprocating heart-felt delight, forabout fifteen minutes 5 
he remounted his carriage, and pursued his journey, amidst 
cordial huzzas and a salute of artillery. 

His approach to the flourishing village of Sterling, was an- 
nounced by a salute of artillery, and he was introduced by 
two beautiful companies of Light Infantry, under Captain 
Dana, of Sterling, and Captain Merriam, of Princeton. Un- 
der a spacious Arch of ever-greens and flowers, bearing a 
label in gold capital?, 

" WELCOME LA FAYETTE ; 

America'' s adopted Son, 

Brother and friend of Washington. 

Our land in trouble found a friend in thee. 

We'll not forget thee in prosperity." 

He was met by the Selectmen, who, by their Chairman, 
Mr. Isaac Goodwin, addressed him as follows : ^ 

" General La Fayette — 
" The Selectmen in behalf of the citizens of Sterling, wel- 
come your arrival at their village. The name of this town 
associates with it the recollection of another transatlantic 
hero, who like yourself. Sir, felt a sympathy for our fathers' 
wrongs, and whose sword was unsheathed for their redress. 
Lord Sterling, the gallant and the generous, now sleeps in the 
dust, but the memory of America's benefactors will survive 
the decay of time. The multitudes that hail your march 
through this part of our country are not the assemblages of 
idle crowds, seeking to gratify a morbid curiosity, but Sir, 
the men around you, are the independent possessors of their 
fields, and the defenders of their homes. From hoary age to 
lisping childhood, our whole population are eager of contri- 
buting deserved honors to the companion of Washington, 
ithe benefactor of our country, and the friend of mankind." 

To which in substance the General replied : 

"I feel grateful for my kind reception here , I rejoice 
in your prosperity, and am happy to be among you. The 

26* 



30t> i;he tour of 

name of your town recals the recollection of Lord Sterlini: 
He was my intimate friend as well as companion in arms, f 
venerate his memory, and when in New- York I had th* 
pleasure of calling upon his family." 

After reviewing the troops composed of Artillery, com 
manded by Captain Maynard, Light Infantry, and Infantry . 
(the latter commanded by Captain Holcomb) all in uniform, 
he continued his journey. 

At West Boylston his welcome was cordial and gratifying ; 
although his stop was necessarily very short. Another corps 
of cavalry, under Captain Estabrook, joined the splendid 
military escort. He was accompanied the whole distance 
from Boylston to Worcester by many citizens from the neigh- 
boring towns. 

The General entered the limits of Worcester about half 
past 10 o'clock, and was welcomed by a general burst of joy 
from a large body of citizens. Here, a barouche drawn by 
four beautiful greys was in readiness to receive him. He 
was accompanied in the barouche by the Honorable John 
Lincoln, Chairman of the Committee of Arrangements. 

On the road the escort was joined by a regiment of vol- 
unteer Infantry, under Lieutenant Colonel Ward. The 
road was thronged with people, all eager to greet the wel- 
come Visitor. When the Guest arrived at an arch of col- 
ours, near Doctor Paine's residence, he was welcomed by a 
salute, the ringing of the bells, and increased cheerings of 
the accumulated population. The grey-headed Veterans oC 
the Revolution, regardless of ceremony, pressed up to the 
barouche to shake hands as he passed along. Upon Court 
hill he passed under a triumphal arch, so tastefully decora- ^ 
ted by the Ladies as to attract the admiration of all who saw- 
it. The children of the Schools, ranged in interesting ordei- 
and ornamented with La Fayette badges, threw laurels iu 
his path, as he passed. These scenes are always peculiarl}- 
impressive on the heart. On a string of colors, extended 
across the street near the Bank, was the historical motto : — 
*•' Hitherto I have only cherished your cause, now I go to serve 
it.^* Alluding to his reply to the American Commissioners in 
France, in 1776. Undern-iath were inscribed : — 
" r*n\i^DYV.'iNF.. Jamestown, ValltuV -Forge, Yorktown.'^ 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. SOI 

At these spots the cheering was increased and prolonged. 

He took breakfast, by previous invitation given at Bolton, 
with Judge Lincoln's Lady, whose spacious mansion, ele- 
gantly decorated, had been thrown open, and was filled to 
overflowing with Ladies, who greeted their Country's Ben- 
efactor with smiles and tears, while their handkerchiefs were 
waved in token of welcome. Before breakfasting, Judge 
Lincoln delivered in an animated and impressive manner, 
the following address :- — 

>. " General La Fayette — 

'" The citizens whom you see assembled around you, have 
^;pontaneously thronged together, to offer you the tribute of 
their affection, their respect, their gratitude. 

" In the name of the inhabitants of Worcester, the shire of 
an extensive county of more than 75,000 population, in behalf 
of all who are present, and in anticipation of the commands 
of those, whom distance and want of opportunity occasion to 
be absent from this joyous scene, 1 repeat to you the saluta- 
tions, which elsewhere have been so impressively offered^ 
upon your arrival in this country, and your visit to this Com- 
monwealth. Welcome, most cordially welcome, to the pre- 
sence of those who now greet you ! 

*' Your name Sir, is not only associated with the memorable 
events of the American Revolution, with the Battle of Bran- 
dywine, the retreat from Valley-Forge, the affair near James- 
town, and the triumph at Yorktown, but the memorials of 
2/o«r services and our obligations exist, in the Independence 
of the nation which was accomplished, in the Government 
of the people which is established, in the Institutions and 
Laws, the aiis, improvements, liberty and hi^ppiness, which 
are enjoyed. The Sword was beaten into the Plough-share 
to cultivate the soil which its temper had previously defend- 
ed, and the hill-tops shall now echo to the sea shore the 
gratulations of the independent proprietors oftheland, to the 
common Benefactor of all ranks and classes of the people. 

" Wherever you go. General, the acclamations of Freemen 
await you — their blessings and prayers will follow you. May 
you live many years to enjoy the fruits of the services and 
sacrifices, the gallantry and valor of your earlier days, devo- 
ted to the cause of freedom and the rights of man ; and may 
the bright examples of individual glory and of National hap- 
Ipiaes?, which the history of America ex-hibits, illustrate to 



308 THE TOUR OP 

the world, the moral force of personal virtue, and the rici 
blessings of civiUiberty in Republican Governments." 

The General, in reply, said, in substance : 

" That he received with much sensibility the expressions i 
of kind attention with which he was received by the Inhab- 
itants of the town and county of Worcester — that he wasde 
lighted with the fine country which he had seen, and th? 
excellent improvement and cultivation which he witnessed — 
that he saw the best proofs of a great, prosperous and happy 
people, in the rapid advancement of the polite and useful 
arts, and in the stability of our free institutions — that he wa^ 
especially much gratified in the great improvements of thf 
face of the country, because he was himself a farmer — that 
he felt happy to observe such decided proofs of industry, 
sobriety and prosperity. — He begged the citizens to be assur- 
ed of his aftectionate and grateful recollection of their recep 
tion of him — he thanked them for all they had manifested 
towards him, for the kind expressions which had been ofler 
ed him by the committee, and, in a feeling impressive man- ^ 
ner, reciprocated their good wishes." || 

After the introduction of numerous Ladies, the troops paii' 
him their honors, and received evidence of his satisfaction a: 
their soldier-like appearance and conduct. He resumed hi- 
journey between 2 and 3 o'clock, and was accompanied by 
the Committee of Arrangements some miles on his way. Oii 
this occasion, speaking of the attentions he received^ he 
remarked, " It is the homage you pay to the principles ol 
your government, and not to /;ie." 

A company of Cavalry was sent from Sturbridge to escon 
the General from Charlton, and a company of Artillery was \ 
paraded to give him the usual salute. As soon as he came | 
within sight of the village, which was about two miles distant, 
the marshals of the day arranged the Ladies and Citizens in 
columns two deep, and tenor twelve feet distant, extendmg 
from Porter's Stage-house across the Common, and continu- 
ing some distance down the turnpike. Where the road 
meets the Common, two pillars had been erected about thirty 
feet in height, which supported a line tastefully ornamented 
with ever-greens, festoons, flowers and flags. Rows of ever- 
greens were planted, forming a beautiful ^Valk, within whick 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 309 

he spectators were arranged. As the Marquis and his suite 
:ame up to the head oT the procession, he was received from 
bis coach by a committee, and introduced to a few citizens, 
ivhen he proceeded up the procession, attended by a band of 
iiusic, his suite, the delegation from Worcester, the Clergy^ 
and Committee of Arrangements ; the columns of spectators 
emaining on their posts. At a signal, cheers were given 
tvith all the ardor of enthusiastic patriotism. During the 
ntervals there was a profound silence, and the most perfect 
3rder, except the reiterated echo of '* Welcome La Fay- 
ette, Friend of America," &;c. announced by single voices. 
Near the middle of the procession, and within the lines, 
vere arranged a large company of revolutionary officers and 
soldiers, some of whom had served under La Fayette. To 
2ach one the General was introduced. The scene was 
ouching. As they grasped the hand of the venerable Hero, 
n a number of instances the tear was seen to roll down the 
urrowed cheek of the veteran soldier. Many seemed una • 
)le to reply to the kind expressions of their beloved Mar- 
juis, who himself was deeply affected. A thrill of feeling 
ndiscribably tender pervaded the numerous spectators. A 
lumber of hundreds of ladies there had the opportunity of 
aking him by the hand, who were in numerous instances 
nelted to tears at the expressions of his kind regards, togeth- 
r with the interesting associations which his presence awak- 
Mied. A company of small misses dressed in white, and 
Jecorated with garlands and flowers, attracted his attention, 
ind reached out their little hands to be received in his. He 
;hen passed into the house amidst the most animated cheers 
md a thousand benedictions. — The whole was a scene of 
feeling, in which all the people seemed to be wrought up to 
;he extreme of exquisite emotion. Never did we witness 
jmy thing that wore so much the aspect of the moral sublime. 
Grratitude, veneration, sympathy, and affection, all combin- 
ng in vigorous exercise, created a state of mind, such as 
/ery rarely exists, and which can be better conceived than 
iescribed. 

General La Fayette was to have been received on the 
lorthern line of Connecticut by a troop of horse from Tolland 
jounty, but it being uncertain what time he would be detain- 
.'d on the road, the troops after waiting a suitable time return- 
ed to their homes. Fourteen miles from Hartford he was 



310 TyE TOUR or 

met by the first company of Governor's Horse Guards, com- 
manded by Major Hart. The General was expected in tow 
on Friday evening, and preparations were made to illuminatdfj 
Morgan-street, Main-street and State House Square, the com-i 
mencement of which was to have been announced to the< 
citizens by two discharges of artillery. The evening was 
dark and rain}' ; but notwithstanding the unfavourable cir- 
cumstance, our streets were crowded with anxious and inquis-' 
itive spectators, consisting not only of onr citizens, but visit-*- 
ors from a distance and the surrounding country. About 12, 
o'clock a discharge of gims from the out skirts of the town, 
or from East- Hartford (for we could not say which,) an- 
nounced, as was supposed by many, the approach of the Gen-{^ 
oral. "He is coming," was shouted by thousands — inslant-j 
ly the houses and stores of many of our citizens, particular^ 
about State House Square, presented the most grand ancl 
beautiful display of the light that can be imagined. Theif 
Hartford Bank, from the taste with which it was decorated; 
and the brilliant light which broke through from the win- 
dows attracted numerous spectators ; the elegant columns oi 
free stone in front of the building were entwined witW 
wreaths of ever-green, interspersed with flowers of variousi 
colours, and the doors arched and festooned with similar ma- 
terials. A superb arch stood erected on the west side of; 
the State House, adorned with ever-greens ; upon a trans- 
parent ground was inscribed " Welcome La Fayette^^ — within 
the scroll, at one end of the arch, was the inscription " York- 
Town''' — upon the other, " Jlfomnow?;/i." This transparent 
painting was brilliantly illuminated. The State House and 
Phoenix Bank, with many elegant mansions in different parts 
of the city, where preparations were made for a brilliant dis- 
play of fire works, were disappointed in this expression oi 
joy, by the arrival of a messenger, about one o'clock, withi 
the intelligence that the General would sleep at Stafford^ 
about twent)--six miles from town — the lights were sudden- 
ly extinguished, and the citizens retired to rest for the night. 
The sound of cannon again aroused us from sleep at dawi^ 
of day, and though the weather continued inclement, people 
poured into the city through every street. About 10 o'clock. 
A. M. a discharge o^ artillery, and the ringing of all the bellsj 
put it beyond a doubt that the General had indeed arrived} 
\ carriage was furnished by Daniel ^Wadsworth, Esq. who, 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 311 

ith Henry L. Ellsworth, Esq. one of the city committee. 
I ad attended him from Stafford. He passed the hridge 
cross Connecticut river attended by his son George Wash- 
ngton La Fayette, Mr. Vasseur, his secretary, and Mr. Col- 
len, under the escort of the First Company of Horse Guards. 
Vt the entrance of Morgan-street was erected an elegant 
\rch, extending across the road, composed of ever-greens, 
vith an inscription, " Our Illustrious Citizen^ La Fayette,^'' 
ipon canvass — this again was surmounted with American col- 
)urs. The procession moved up Morgan-street, to its in- 
ersection with Main-street ; here the crowded assemblage of 
itizens commenced the acclamations of " Welcome La Fay- 
tte.'''' As the General with his escort moved leisurely down 
Jain-street, towards the State-House, shouts of loud huzzas 
>,reetedhim at every step. The General answered this tri- 
iSute of joy with bows and smiles, and a waving of the hand — 
le alighted at Bennet's Hotel, where he was received by the 
Vlayor of the City, and His Excellency Governor Wolcott. 
The following address was presented by the Mayor in behalf 
of the city corporation : 

' General La Fayette — In behalf of my fellow-citizens, I 
jid you a cordial Welcome, to the city of Hartford : a place 
nany years since honored by your presence ; and though 
Tiost of those individuals, whose exertions were then united 
-vith yours to effect the freedom and independence of this 
favoured country have been removed ; still I trust you will 
hscover in their descendants the same spirit of hospitality 
tmd patriotism, for which they were distinguished. 

•'• This occasion. Sir, is peculiarly calculated to recall to 
mind, those great and interesting events, which have tak- 
en place since your first efforts in favour of an infant coun- 
try, with feeble means contending against superior and law- 
less powers. 

*' Your martial deeds, your counsels and personal sacrifices, 
have always been felt and acknowledged, by the people of 
{.he United States, and esteemed as signally instrumental, in 
effecting their independence, and securing those blessings 
which they now enjoy. 

" The best reward, for all this, I doubt not, you will find, in 
beholding the country filled with flourishing towns and villa- 
ges, inhabited by freemen, possessed of the knowledge of 
their native rights, and in a condition to protect and defend 



312 THg TOUR OF 

them ; exhibiting universal and unequivocal proofs of sin- 
cere affection and gratitude, to the Illustrious Benefactor ci 
their country. 

" The names of Washington and La Fayette, with the pre- 
sent, and all future generations, will be associated, with lib- 
erty, freedom and happiness. 

" While expressing these sentiments, permit me to add my 
sincere personal wishes for your prosperity ; that your stay 
in our country may be long and happy, and that the best of 
Heaven's blessings may ever attend you." 

At the Hotel the General partook of a repast ordered by the 
Corporation, at which the Governor, Mayor, and Common 
Council, with several other distinguished citizens and stran- 
gers were invited guests. After resting about an hour, a 
barouche drawn by four elegant white horses, emblematical 
of the joyous occasion, received the General, accompanied 
by the Governor, from whence they proceeded to review 
the troops. As the carriage commenced its movements up 
Main-street, we were struck with a reflection upon the in- 
teresting coincidence, that on this very spot where stood 
his carriage. General Washington first met General Rocham- 
beau, at the head of the French army, after their arrival 
from France to aid in the cause of the revolution. Here 
Washmgton and Hamilton, and several other American offi- 
cers first shook hands in the presence of La Fayette, with 
the officers of the French army. This place too, was in 
front of the mansion where those officers convened from 
day to day to project and mature the seige of York- Town, 
which ended in securing our independence — the parent of 
those joys which this day lighted up the countenances of so 
many thousands. This surely was classic ground. The 
General's carriage was attended by others, in which were 
his son George Washington La Fayette, and the General's 
Secretary, Mr. Vasseur, Mr. Golden, General Terry, and 
others of the Committee of Arrangements. As he began to 
move, the immense multitude gave nine cheers. The mili- 
tary was supposed fo exceed one thousand, under the com- 
mand of General Johnson. We cannot detail the order o^ 
the military procession, nor could we do justice to their 
merits. It was difficult for the miUtary to make its way 
through the immense crowd ; every window was crowded; 
with ladies, waving their white handkerchiefs to the General^ 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 3tS 

[4s be passed the north line of the State-House, the pro- 
[cession wheeled towards State-street, and having reach- 
ed the front of the State-House, the General with his 
escort alighted and was conducted within the railing, where 
was an assemblage of children of about eight hundred ; the 
misses all dressed in white, wearing badges with the motto, 
"' JVous vous aimons La Fayette." A gold medal was pre- 
sented him by one of the children, which was inclosed in ?t> 
paper containing these lines : 

Welcome thou to freedom's clime, 
Glorious Hero ! Chief sublime ! 
Garlands bright for thee are wreath'd. 
Vows of filial ardour breath'd, 
Veteran's cheeks with tears are wet. 
*' JVous vous aimons La Fayette." 

Monmouth's field is rich with bloom. 
Where thy warriors found their tomb. 
Yorktown's heights resound no more, 
Victor's shout or cannon roar, 
Yet our hearts record their debt, 
" We do love you La Fayetye." 

Brandy wine, whose current roll'd 
Proud with blood of heroes bold, 
• That our country's debt shall tell, 

That our gratitude shall swell. 
Infant breasts thy wounds regret, 
^^We do love you La Fayette." 

Sires, who sleep in glory's bed. 
Sires, whose blood for us was shed; 
Taught us, when our knee we bend. 
With the prayer thy name to blend ; 
Shall we e'er such charge forget ? 
No ! — " JVous vous aimons La Fayette.'" 

When our blooming cheeks shall fade, 
Pale with time, or sorrow's shade, 
When our clustering tresses fair, 
Frosts of wintry age shall wear, 
E'en till memory's sun be set, 
^' We shall love you La Fayftte,^- 
27 



314 THE TOUR OF 

The General was then conducted into the Senate Cham 
ber, which was tastefully decorated with various ever-greens. 
where the Governor addressed the General, as follows : 

•' Dear General — -I rejoice in this opportunity of renewing 1 
to you my salutations in this ancient capital of Connecticut, 
where a virtuous and enlightened people, have, during near- 
ly two centuries, enjoyed republican institutions, which were 
devised by themselves, and which have been administered by- 
agents, annually designated by their voluntary suffrages. 
The principles which you have advocated in council and de- 
fended in the field, have been here triumphantly established, 
and by the favour of Heaven, we hope to transmit them, un- 
impaired, to our latest posterity. 

" These principles are now diffused on every side, from j 
the ocean to the high plains of the Missouri ; and from the 
lakes to the gulf of Mexico. Over this great region, our 
sons and our daughters, parents of future millions, are rap- 
idly extending science, religion, industry, and all those arts 
which perpetuate and embellish powerful communities. — 
Literature and commerce augment our strength and re- 
sources. We are united with elevated spirits from every 
country, who have come here to enjoy all that freedom of 
opinion and of action, with which our own minds are imbu- 
ed. You can proceed to no spot where you will not be met 
by Patriots, who have aided your exertions in both hemis- 
pheres, or by their admiring relations, and in every class you 
will find an interesting proportion of Frenchmen, including 
numbers of the descendants of those early emigrants, who 
imbibed the liberal and gallant spirit of your Fourth Henry. 
Every class of citizens will mstantly recognize in you an 
illustrious benefactor of the United States, and of mankind, 
and they will unite in spontaneous benedictions, with ardent 
invocations to the Supreme Being, that your life may be 
prosperous, with a happy transition to a glorious immortal- 
ity." 

The following is in substance the verbal reply of General 
La Fayette : 

" Sir — I feel very happy in viewing such resources of 
strength in New England ; which resources should be cher- 
ished with union, as there is such a powerful opposition 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 315 

abroad to*your free principles. I am delighted with the 
manifestations of feeling shown towards me ; — Pleased with 
the moral habits and character of the people of the State, 
exhibiting in action a pure Republic. I am also highly grat- 
ified with the fine appearance of your Military." 

The ladies were introduced to the General, and taken by 
the hand in the most affectionate manner ; but the want of 
time would not permit the introduction of a large concourse 
who crowded at the doors for admission. From this inter- 
esting ceremony, the General proceeded to review the 
troops, taking his station upon a platform under the elegant 
arch, erected at the west front of the State-House. The 
General surveyed the troops, apparently with the attentive 
sye of an officer long accustomed to command. He discov- 
ered much satisfaction at their elegant appearance, and was 
heard to say, particularly of the Governor's Foot Guards,, 
commanded by Major Olmsted, that it was equal in discipline 
and appearance to any company he had ever seen. A com- 
pany of old revolutionary officers and soldiers consisting of 
about eighty, and commanded by Judge Hillyer, passed in re- 
view near the platform, and each of them shook hands with 
the General. It is impossible to refuse these veterans a 
share in the honours of the day. There was a rush from 
every quarter to witness this scene — many of these had been 
wounded — some with one eye — and the health of all, more 
or less impaired in the services of their country. No! Sol- 
diers of the revolution, your country will never forget that 
to you, under the guidance of Providence, and led on by 
Washington and La Fayette, they owe the blessings of liber- 
ty and independence. Several old men were introduced to 
the General in the course of the day, whom he seemed, 
from their respectable deportment, to recognize as fellow- 
soldiers. One instance was noticed in particular, where the 
General observed, ^' I think. Sir, you belonged to the revo- 
lutionary corps." — " Yes, Sir," was the answer. From the 
review of the troops, the General was conducted to his 
barouche, and again passed down Main-street to the Hotel, 
and from thence was escorted on foot, to the mansion of 
Daniel Wads worth, Esq. Here a committee of gentlemen 
presented him with the sash worn by him at the battle 
of Brandy wine, which was used to bind up the wound 



:31ti THE TOUR OF 

he received, and afterwards presented by him to Geii 
eral Swift, of Cornwall. He thanked the gentlemen whf> 
presented it, for their attention. After spreading and ob- 
serving it critically, with a cheerful smile, he returned it 
to the committee. The General expected to have gonf 
through VVethersfield, (where preparations had been mad< 
to receive him in a handsome manner, and under an elegan' 
arch,) on his way to Middletown. But his engagements U- 
be in New York, and his extreme fatigue, would not allow < 
his complying with this arrangement. The steam-boat ha; 
now been waiting for three hours beyond its stated time. I' 
became necessary to hurry his departure. Having takei 
leave of the gentlemen and ladies present, he was attendc 
by some of the Committee of Arrangements to the steam 
boat, which left here about 4 o'clock P. M. amidst the salutes j 
of cannon, and the shouts of thousands of gratified and 
grateful spectators. 

The General and his suite arrived at Middletown, Uppei , 
Houses, about 6 o'clock. — When the Boat tirst appeared, a j 
salute of 13 guns was tired. — At the landing place, he was ' 
received by a deputation, composed of thirteen distinguisheci 
citizens of Middletown, with the first Marshal ; and escortet' 
by a squadron of cavalry, commanded by Colonel R. Wilcox 
proceeded to the bridge which crosses the northern line oi 
the city. — He was here received by the corps of Artillery. 
Riflemen and Light Infantry, under the command of Colonel, 
Walter Boothe, of the 10th Regiment of Infantry, who joiiir 
ed in escorting him to the large and elegant building occn 
pied by Mr. Charles Francis, where preparations had beei' 
made for giving him an elegant dinner. The windows and 
tops of houses were thronged with females, who were con- 
stantly waving their handkerchiefs, as expressive of theii 
feelings at seeing him. On his arrival at the house, he wa^ 
addressed by the Mayor, to vv'hich he made an appropriate 
reply. After which the Mayor presented him to the several 
members of the Common Council, gentlemen of the Clergy, 
and the veterans of the Revolution. He was then persuaded 
to take a seat in the Barouche, and was escorted through the 
principal streets in the city ; the houses were brilliantly illu- 
minated, and added much to the magnificence of the scene. 
On his arrival at the Boat, he was cheered by the multitude 
ri'ho had followed him. At 7 o'clock he again embarked on 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 317 

le beautiful Connecticut, and though the evening was low- 
ring, all the villages on the river were illuminated, bands 
f music were playing, and cannon firing. Mr. Ellsworth, 
ne of the liberal proprietors of the Boat, had also provided 
band which answered the salutes from the shore. Before 
caching Saybrook, the weather cleared, the moon burst 
brth in its calm and serene splendour, to witness the enthu- 
iasm of the ladies of that and the neighboring towns, who, 
hough it was late at night, were drawn up dressed in white, 
m a platform, and music, cannon and brilliant illuminations 
vere prepared to honor the Guest of the Nation. He then 
ranquilly and safely descended the Sound. 



CKAPTXSR XI. 

PROCEEDINGS IN NEW-YORK ON THE GENERAL's RETURN FROM 
HIS EASTERN VISIT HIS JOURNEY UP THE HUDSON RIVER. 

General La Fayette returned from his Eastern tour, and 
landed in New-York, from onboard of the Steam-Boat Oliver 
Ellsworth, September 5, about 1 o'clock, P. M. A national 
salute was fired from the Franklin 74, at the Navy Yard, as 
lie passed. The citizens along the shores and wharves of 
East River, for two miles, kept up a continued acclamation 
for the whole distance. The Oliver Ellsworth was decora- 
ted with flags, and had on board a fine band cif music. He 
was received at the Fulton-street wharf by the Committee of 
the Corporation, and conducted to his lodgings at the City 
Hotel. The streets were filled with people, whose anxiety 
to see him was unabated. 

The anniversary of the birth day of La Fayette, the 6th 
September, when he attained his 67th year, having been 
selected by the Cincinnati veterans, to give him a dinner, 
he was escorted at the appointed hour to Washington Hall, 
by the La Fayette Guards. The room was splendidly and 
tastefully decorated : over the head of the General was 
sprung a triumphal arch of laurels and evergreens, in the 
centre of which appeared a large American eagle, with a scroll 
in its beak bearing the words " September 6th, 1757," (the 
27* 



^18 THE TOUR OF 

day and year in which he was born.) On its right, a scroll 
bearing, '' Brandy wine, 1 1th September 1777" ; on its left, 
'' Yorktown, 19thOctober, 1781." Jn the rear of the Gen- 
eral's chair was planted the grand standard of the Society, 
entwined with the national color of thirteen stripes. On 
the right was a shield, bearing a rising sun ; on the left, a 
shield with the State Arms. In the centre of the room, 
there was a splendid star, studded with others of less magni- 
tude. From this star two broad pendants from the Franklin 
74, were crossed and carried to the four corners of the room. 
At the lower end of the room was a most exquisite transpar- 
enc}', executed by Childs, representing the Goddess of Lib- 
erty, with an eagle holding a wreath of laurels. In her left 
hand was a scroll with the word " welcome." On its right 
was a column, on which was placed forty muskets, forty pis- 
tols, and forty swords ; on its left a similar one ; beneath it a 
shield with thirteen American stripes, and thirteen stars sup- 
ported by two six-pounders, as likewise a coat of mail of 
steel, such as were worn by Napoleon's cuirassiers ; and on 
the right and left ten field drums. Around the room were 
tastefully displayed 60 banners, bearing the names of distin- 
guished ofiicers of the revolution, who had fallen in battle, 
together with the regimental standards of the corps of artil- 
lery, and a number of trophies of our navy, which were 
handsomely tendered by Captain Rogers, and Lieutenant 
Goldsborough. 

Colonel Varick, the President of the Society, presided at 
the table, assisted by General Clarkson, Colonel Fish, Gen- 
eral S. Van Rensselaer, Colonel Troup, and several other 
distinguished officers. 

On Tuesday, at 11 o'clock, General La Fayette, accom- 
panied by the Mayor, the Committee, and several o+her 
members of the Corporation, visited Columbia College. He 
was introduced into the college by Colonel Fish, Chairman 
of the board of Trustees, and received in the library by the 
President and faculty. President Harris then delivered a 
very appropriate address ; to which the General made a 
very pertment reply. 

On Wednesday, at 1 o'clock, the General embarked on 
bo ud the Chancellor. Livingston, to visit the fortifications of 
ihe harbour, and was received as he entered, by the West 
Point Band, sent down for the occasion, playing a tine miU- 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 31^^ 

taiy piece composed by their leader Willis. Among the 
guests, were the members of the Cincinnati, the Officers of 
the Navy, the Corporation and the General Officers of the 
Militia. Owing to the rain, the party did not land j\t Gover- 
nor's Island, but a salute was fired from the Ca&tle, as the 
Chancellor passed. On wearing the fortress at the Narrows, 
that bears ih- . name of our Guest, the sun burst forth for 
awhile, and as the boat approached, another pealing salute 
fiom the haavy cannon there mounted, awoke the echoes oi 
the neighboring heights, and told that he was come. The 
General was escorted on shore b}^ Colonels Maccrea and 
Bankhead, and received at the portal by Major Gates, com- 
manding the fortress, who conducted him to the square, 
where the garrison, consisting of only a company of United 
States artillerists, saluted him The whole party were then 
conducted around the fort, and no little admiration was ex- 
pressed, at its massive and almost impregnable walls, its firm 
and deep set arches, and apparent power, both for offensive 
and defensive war. A sumptuous table was spread, loaded 
with cold dishes, fruits, and every variety of delicacy, and 
tastefully ornamented. Over head and around it, was a con- 
tinue<l drapery of flags, the standards of the United States 
and of France being intertwined, and forming an arch over 
the seat assigned to La Fayette. Between the colors shone 
forth the brightly burnished muskets of the soldiers, with 
their otiier accoutrements ; and on the table itself were 
smaller silken flags, bearing the inscriptions of the memora- 
ble names and deeds of the revolution. One in particular, 
in front of La Fayette, bore on it, " Brandywine," " Mon- 
mouth," and " York Town." 

The associations of this entertainment were most delight- 
ful. It seemed as if the men of two ages had met to do hon- 
or to one whose name shall live through all time. At the 
head of the table, where Colonel Maccrea presided, sat La 
Fayette, and his old associates of the Cincinnati. At the foot. 
Colonel Bankhead, with George W. La Fayette, and the offi- 
cers of the army, most of them young men. The interval 
was occupied by the guests generally. The soldiers of other 
days, and the soldiers of this, together with those who owe 
to the one the possession, and to the other the preservation 
of their independence, all united in homage to the friend of 
Washington, the companion of Hamilton, the fuve and virtu- 
ous La Fayette. ., . 



320 THE TOUR OF 

On Thursday the Fire Department mustered to the utmost ot 
their strength, and paraded in the park, where the General, 
(after returning from the Oratorio given by the Choral Soci- 
ety in St. Paul's Church,) viewed their engines, and the 
other apparatus belonging to the dauntless guardians of the 
city. 

All the Fire Engines in the city, amounting to 44, with hook 
and ladder companies, and two engines from Brooklyn, were 
arranged in a line around the park, and all the Firemen 
stood a little in advance, holding their drag ropes. After 
passing round the line, the General returned to the hall, and 
made his appearance on the piazza, where he remained in 
company with Thomas Franklin, Chief Engineer, and many 
ladies and gentlemen, to witness the exhibition. 

In the centre of the Park, the ladders of the company were 
erected in the form of a Pyramid, on the top of which wa"^ 
placed a miniature house, filled with combustibles. The 
Engines having all approximated the centre, to within a suit- 
able distance, and having been charged with water, at a sig- 
nal the house was tired, and forty-six powerful water spouts 
were all directed at the object in an instant. The spectacle 
for the moment was beautiful beyond description. Such 
was the skill of the engineers that every spout seemed to 
strike the common centre, and a mighty fountain in the form 
of a colossal column, or cone, was thus, as if by enchantment, 
in the twinkling of an eye, beheld rushing up and descending 
like a shower of liquid silver. When the sun shone out the 
fountain sparkled all over like a palace of ice, or a magnifi- 
cent dome of chrystal ; and the wind now and then blew upoii 
the spray and carried off a cloud of vapour : the arch of a 
rainbow appeared above, with all its brilliant colours. The 
engines appeared to great advantage ; they were all in the 
finest order. 

On Friday, rn pursuance of an invitation from the Trustees 
of the Free Schools of New-York, the General visited some 
of the Schools, and afterwards reviewed the whole collected 
for that purpose in the Park. 

A large class of the scholars in the female school recited, 
fhe follovving lines : 

Welcome Hero, to the West, 
To the land thy sword hath blest '. 
To the country of the Free, 
Welcome, Friend of Liberty { 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 321 

Grateful millions guard thy fame, 
Age and youth revere thy name, 
Beauty twines the wreath for thee. 
Glorious Son of Liberty ! 

Years shall speak a nation's love, 
Wheresoever thy footseps move. 
By the choral psean met — 
Welcome, w**lcome, La Fayette ! 

At 1 ©"clock, the General, by particular invitation, visited 
the African Free School, which embraces 7 or 800 scholars ; 
about 450 were present on the occasion. Here it was an- 
nounced to him that under the Presidency of the Honorable 
John Jay in 1788, he was elected an Honorary member of 
this Society, which the Marquis well recollected. 

The General then retired to his lodgings for a few mo- 
ments, until the children of all the schools could be assem- 
bled in the Park ; he then returned and reviewed the whole, 
to the number of about 5000, arranged by their teachers in 
regular order, and surrounded by at least 5000 spectators. 
The scene was truly interesting, and afforded a peculiar grat- 
ification to the General, who well knew that the schools of 
America were the nurseries of freedom, and the basis of 
American liberty. 

The General again returned to his quarters, where he had 
scarcely arrived, before the 9th Regiment of New York Ar- 
tillery, under Colonel Alexander M. Muir, appeared before 
the Hotel, in fine order, and full panoply, to escort him to 
the seat of his old comrade. Colonel Nicholas Fish, who, 
forty years ago, mounted the breach with him at Yorktown, 
and with whom he had engaged to dine. On descending to 
the steps, agreeably to previous arrangements, Colonel Muir 
dismounted and advanced, and in behalf of himself and the 
officers of his regiment, presented the General with an ele- 
gant sword, of great beauty, and of finished w^orkmanship.. 
In performing this very pleasingoffice. Colonel Muir deliv- 
ered the following address : 

" General — The officers of the 9th Regiment New York 
State Artillery, anxious to manifest, in common with their 
fellow-citizens, their esteem for you, as the champion of 
their country — the associate and friend of Washington, havf 



322 THE TOUR OF 

deputed me to present to you this sword ; the belt anti 
mounting of which, being exclusively of the manufacture oi 
this city. 

" It is unnecessary to repeat the many signal services 
which you have rendered to this country ; it does not com- 
port with the character of soldiers to multiply words or ex- 
pressions — it is sufficient for them to know that you were 
always to be found in the front rank of those who shed their 
bluodj and expended their treasure, in the glorious cause of 
liberty, during that eventful time which " tried men's souls.'' 
These services are not forgotten by a grateful posterity— 
thny are engraven on the hearts of a free people, by whom 
you will ever be remembered as the illustrious benefactor of I] 
these United States. 

" May your declining days be as happy as your youthful and 
maturer ones have been useful and glorious, and your name 
ever be associated with liberty, freedom and benevolence. 

" Permit me, General, to add my personal wishes for 
your health and happiness, and to assure you that I shall 
consider the circumstance of having been chosen as the organ 
of the officers whom I have the honour to command, to pre- 
sent this sword, as one of the most agreeable and interesting 
of my life." 

The General kindly accepted the sword, and in doing so, 
made the following reply : 

" With the highest pleasure and gratitude, I receive this 
most valuable present, from a distinguished corps of citizen- 
soldiers, every one of whom knows that swords have been 
given to man to defend liberty where it exists, to conquer it 
when it has been invaded by crowned and privileged usurp- 
ers. 

'* Accept, dear Colonel, and let all the officers and sol- 
diers of your corps accept, my most affectionate thanks." 

The following is a copy of the inscription on the Sword : 
" Presented to Major-General La Fayette, by Colonel 
Alexander M. Muir, in behalf of the Officers of the Ninth Re- j 
gimentNew York State Artillery, 10th September 1824, as a ] 
small token of the esteem in which he is held by them for 
his private worth, and distinguished services during the war 
which gave independence to the United States." ] 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 325 

The belt is of exquisite workmanship, richly embroidered 
with gold. On it are inscribed, in silver embroidery, the 
figures '76, and the letters L. F., thus—'' L. '76. F." The 
plate of the belt is large and sufficiently elegant to corres- 
pond. — The ground-work of the plate is occupied with ap- 
propriate military devices, and around these are the four fol- 
lowing inscriptions : 

" The Marquis De La Fayette, Born in France, 6th Sep- 
tember, 1757." 

" Joined the American Army of the Revolution as a vol- 
unteer, and was wounded at the Battle of Brandy wine, 11th 
September, 1777." 

" Commanded the army in Virginia during the campaign of 
1781, and was at the attack at Yorktown, 1 9th October, 1781." 

" Revisits the United States of America on an invitation 
from Congress, and landed at New-York, August 16th, 1824." 

After reviewing the Regiment, and receiving the marching 
salute, the General ascended his carriage, and was escorted 
to the seat of his old friend and associate, as before mention- 
ed, where he dined in company with a select party. 

General La Fayette, on Tuesday evening, very affection- 
ately took leave of Captain Allyn, at his room, City Hotel, 
and at the same time presented him with a superb writing 
desk, (made by N. Smith Prentiss, of this city,) replete 
with every thing necessary for a gentleman's toilet, bearing 
chis mscription, '' General La Fayette to his excellent friend 
Captain Allyn, August 15th, 1824." — He also sent kind re- 
membrances to such of the officers and crew of the Cadmus 
as remained on board, presenting to the chief mate, Mr. 
Daniel Chadwick, a beautiful case of mathematical instru- 
ments mounted in silver. The Cadmus sailed on Wednes- 
day, for Havre. 

After two postponements on account of bad weather, the 
:\rrangements and decorations for the Ball, in honor of La 
Fayette at Castle Garden, were finally completed, and it took 
place on Tuesday evening. The weather during the day and 
he evening was very fine, and afforded the guests unexpect- 
;d security and pleasure. 

The company commenced entering the Garden about half 
3ast six, and closed about ten o'clock, consisting of about 
ix thousand ladies and gentlemen. The arrangements with- 



.324 TH£ TOUR OF 

out, were such as to secure perfect safety and order in 
entering the castle, and to prevent detention. 

Immediately in front of the gate which forms the first en- 
trance to the Garden, was erected a pyramid of the height 
of seventy-five feet, brilliantly illuminated, and surmounted 
by a double triangle, likewise illuminated, presenting the ap- 
pearance of a star encircling the letter F. The Bridge 
leading to the Castle, which stands off from the Battery, into 
the bay 250 feet, was this evening an immense covered way, 
carpeted the eiitire distance, hung with numerous lamps, and 
decorated with ever-greens. Through this magnificent en- 
trance, the company found their way into the interior of the 
Garden. 

The Castle, which is a circle, and covers a surface of about 
600 feet, was enclosed with an awning at an altitude of seven- 
ty-five feet, the dome of which was supported in the centre 
by a column dressed with pale blue and white, and inscribed 
with the names of men immortalized with that of La Fayette, 
in the cause of freedom. This column was encircled with 
an immense cut glass chandalier, composed of thirteen sep- 
arate ones, representing the thirteen original states ; while 
it formed at its summit, the centre, whence hung the flags, 
signals and standards of various nations, looped and festoon- 
ed with much good taste, making a covering for the compa- 
ny, and a splendid military and naval dress for the coarser 
canopy above. 

This object, which was the first that met the eye, and 
formed at the base but a slight obstruction, had a very j 
imposing appearance, and produced a fine effect. The whole 
seemed to operate like a charm upon the visitor, as he en- 
tered, who, with elevated and sparkling eyes, and with looks 
of enraptured admiration, came forward from the massy and j 
low-browed entrance, with increased grace in his step, and • 
airy lightness in his feelings. Every one seemed to feel at 
home, and to appropriate the scene and its pleasures to his ^ 
individual enjoyment and use. ' 

The roof was supported by thirteen^ransparent columns, 
cappefl with a circle of light, and based with the armoreal 
insigna of the several states, under a shield of the Union, to 
denote their dependence on the same, and richly flanked with 
a falling drapery, between the columns were to be seen the 
names of the original states, in gilded letters, encircled by 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. SU 

laurel wreaths, and suspended between American ensigns, 
and a profusion of " striped bunting." 

The General made his appearance about 10 o'clock. Im- 
mediately the dance and the song was at an end. The mili- 
tary band struck tjp a military air, and La Fayette was con- 
ducted through a column of ladies and gentlemen, to a splen- 
did pavilion, immediately opposite to the great entrance. 
Not a word was spoken of gratulation — so profound and res- 
pectful, and intellectual, was the interest which his presence 
excited ; nothing but a subdued and universal clap broke the 
general silence, and that but for a moment. 

The interior of the pavilion, which was composed of 
white cambric, festooned, and otherwise varied with sky 
blue, and surmounted with an American Eagle, over the let- 
ter F, was richly furnished. Among other interesting ob- 
jects, we noticed a bust of Hamilton, placed under a Cor- 
inthian pillar, and illuminated with a beautiful lamp. 

But the most interesting of all the exhibitions were those 
presented in front of the pavilion, and seen from it, immedi- 
ately over the entrance to the Garden. A triumphal arch of 
about ninety feet space, adorned with laurel, oak. and fes- 
toons of flags, &c. was seen, based upon pillars of cannon 
fifteen feet high. A bust of Washington, supported by a 
golden eagle, was placed over the arch, as the presiding 
deity. Within the arch was a painting, nearly 25 feet 
square, of a fine collossal figure, representing the Genius of 
our country, rising in her native majesty and strength, sup- 
ported by the American Eagle, and exhibiting a scroll in- 
scribed to Fayette, with the words — " Honoured be the 
faithful patriot." 

Soon after the General entered, the painting just alluded 
to, was slowly raised, which exhibited to the audience a beau- 
tiful transparency, representing La Grange, the mansion of 
La Fayette. The effect was as complete as the view was 
unexpected and imposing. Another subdued clap of admir- 
ation followed this tasteful, and appropriate, and highly in- 
teresting display. 

In pursuance of the arrangements made for that purpose. 
General La Fayette, his son and suite, together with a select 
party of ladies and gentlemen, repaired on board of the 
steam-boat James Kent, directly on retiring from the Grand 
Fete of Tuesday evening, and proceeded up the Hudsoia 

28 



326 THE TOUR OF 

river, to visit Albany, and the intermediate towns upon the 
river. The party embarked a few minutes after 2 o'clock I 
Wednesday morning ; among the guests were the members 
of the Cincinnati, with their President, Colonel Varick ; 
His Honour the Recorder, and several of the Corporation ; 
Governor Johnson, of Louisiana; Mrs. Lewis, of Virginia ; 
Colonel Alexander Hamilton, and his mother, (widow of the 
late General Hamilton ;) General Morton, Colonel Piatt, and 
a number of others. 

The boat made very good progress until she arrived oif 
Tarry-Town, where a very dense fog came on ; but such 
was the anxiety of General La Fayette to reach West Point 
at the appointed time, (10 o'clock,) that Commodore Wis- 
wall determined to push slowly on. It was impossible for 
the pilot to see five rods ahead. The result was, that at 
about 7 o'clock the boat ran aground upon what is called the 
Oyster Bank. Here she was obliged to remain for several I 
hours — to the great disappointment of those on board, and I 
also of the thousands who had collected at West Point, to >< 
witness his reception, and the tens of thousands at the villa-; 
ges above, which he was expected to pass before dark, v As j 
soon as it cleared away, so that the shores were discernable,, 
it was found that every height and cliff were covered with i 
people, anxious to do their utmost in honouring the guest of 
the nation. At Stony Point, in particular, there was a large 
collection of people, a flag was hoisted, and a salute fired ' 
trom a field piece stationed there for that purpose. One 
man, more eager than the rest, clambered down the rocks 
with the agility of a mountain goat, armed with a large musk- 
et, which a loud explosion gave us to understand was heavily 
charged. The boat was near in shore, and as the smoke 
cleared away, he waved his hand and exclaimed, " There, 
General, I give you the best I can !" 

The population at West Point, including the officers, pro- 
fessors, cadets, the artisans and their families, &c. &c. ordi- 
narily amount to about one thousand persons. But from 
day-light yesterday morning, until ten o'clock, the ladies and 
gentlemen from the country adjacent, continued to flock in 
sloops and other craft, in great numbers. The suspense.' 
from the hours of 9 till 12 was very anxious ; but at about 
fifteen minutes after 12, the welcome signal of his approach 
was given ; and th^e was instantly more bustle and confu- 



GENERAL LA FAYETtE. 327 

sion than there has been before witnessed on the Point, since 
the army of the revolution ; the clangour of arms, the thril- 
ling notes of the bugle, and the spirit-stirring drum, impar- 
ted life and animation to this wild and magnificent region. — 
The lofty bank of the Hudson was lined with spectators ; 
and the Cadets were in line, as if they had been summoned 
from their barracks by the wand of a magician. 

The James Kent, gorgeously decorated with flags, came 
proudly on, cutting away the foaming current, as though she 
dared Neptune and all his host to strife ; and came majesti- 
cally along side of the dock at half past 12. The General 
was here received by Colonel Thayer, the commander of 
the post, accompanied by Major Generals Brown and Scott, 
with their respective suites, together with the officers and 
professors upon the station, under a salute of twenty-one 
guns from a detachment of artillery, posted upon the bluff, 
directly north of the old barracks. A landeau was in readi- 
ness to receive the General as he stepped ashore, in which 
he ascended the hill to the plain, followed by a long proces- 
sion, consisting of the Cincinnati, the officers of the station, 
gentlemen from New- York, arid from the river towns above, 
delegates from the towns of Newburgh, Poughkeepsie, Cler- 
mont, Hudson and Albany, &c. kc. He was received on 
the plain by the corps of Cadets, whom he reviewed ; and 
afterwards received the marching s?lute in front of the mar- 
quee erected for him, and witnessed several evolutions, 
which evinced the perfection of disciphne. From the par- 
ade ground the General repaired for a few moments to the 
quarters of Generals Brown and Scott, at Mr. Cozzen's, 
where the ladies assembled in a spacious room adjoining the 
library, and partook of refreshments prepared for the occr 
sion. At half past two, the General was conducted by Cc^" 
nel Thayer to the splendid library of the institution, wY^^^ 
the corps of Cadets were individually presented to hi* by 
Major Worth ; the gentlemen upon the Point who h^ "^t 
previously been introduced, w^ere then presenteci a^er 
which the ladies were severally introduced. 

From the library, the General repaired to the MoS-room 
of the Cadets, elegantly fitted up for the occasio'5 and sat 
down to a dinner, which, whether we regard the quantity, 
quality, the variety, or the style in which it wasierved up, 
we may at once pronounce a sumptuous one. — IiiCludi'^g the 



328 THE TOUR OF 

Officers, Cadets, the Cincinnati, Corporation from ?Nevi 
y^ork, and guests, more than four lYundred persons sat dowo 
at the table. Colonel Thayer presided, assisted by Major 
Worth. General La Fayette and General Scott were seated 
on the right of the President, andpeneral Brown and Colo- 
nel Varick on his left. At a crpss table at the head, were 
seated the members of the Cincinnati, and at another simihu- 
table, at the other end of the hall, were the members of the. 
Corporation of New York, with Mr. George Washington La 
Fayette, on the right of the Vice President. The room was 
tastefully and elegantly decorated. Festoons of ever-green 
were suspended from pillar to pillar, in every direction 
through the spacious hall. Back of the President's chaii 
hung the star-spangled banner. Over the chair was a large 
spread, and elegantly wrought eagle, with the words "Sep- 
tember, 1757," issuing from the streamer in his beak, and 
'^' York-Town" grasped in his claws. A crown of laurel, 
interwoven with roses, was suspended over the General's 
head. Over the window on his right, was the name of 
Washington, wrought in leaves of ever-green, and on tholoft 
that of La Fayette. At the other end of the hall hung n 
full-length portrait of " the Father of his Country ;" and 
upon the right wall, in the centre, that of Jefferson, and on 
Ihe left. President Adams. 

At 6 o'clock, the company rose from the table, and the 
General and his friends re-embarked on board of the James 
Kent, and proceeded to Newburgh. 

Through the whole distance of the Highlands, the hardy 
mountaineers who inhabit many of the glens manifested their 
Nfispect by showing themselves ever and anon, and discharg 
N their muskets from the crags and clifts which in some 
p'Vs seem to frown over the heads of the passing traveller, 
^= % steam-boat ploughs her way close at the base of the 
mout-iiug^ In passing Cold Spring, a salute was fired from 
a pie(^ of artillery stationed near the shore for that purpose. 
A salu> vvas also fired from New-Windsor, (near the old 
Encam^ent of the Revolutionary Army.) Unfortunately, 
howevei, the delay occasioned by the morning accident, had 
detained he party so long that the shades of night began now 
to close ii, and on the arrival of the steam-boat at Newburgh 
the tvviJig}^ ijatj go far advanced as to render objects indis- 
tmct ?t a very short distance. A corps of infantry, in imi- 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 329 

ibrm, were drawn up in handsome array upon the wharf, to 
receive the General, by whom he was escorted to the Or- 
ange Hotel, where he was received by the corporation of the 
village, by the President of which he was addressed. 

The General made a brief and pertinent reply to this ad- 
dress ; after which he entered an open carriage and was es- 
corted through the principal streets of the village, which 
were thronged with people, who were delighted with a 
glimpse of the General's face, caught even by the aid of a 
flickering lamp ; over the streets, at short distances, arches 
had been erected which were tastefully festooned with ever- 
greens and flowers, and on several of them were suspended 
appropriate inscriptions. On one of these arches was the 
following inscription : — " Thrice welcome La Fayette Co- 
lumbia's bright Occidental Star." Another arch was form- 
ed by the planting of two well grown forest trees, and bend- 
ing their tops together. The inscription suspended from this 
lofty arch was too high for the rays of our feeble lamp. The 
inscription upon another arch was, "LaFayette and Liberty 
— Welcome Illustrious Chief." But the arch which w^as far 
the most beautiful, was erected by the ladies ; indeed it ex- 
tended from the houses on each side of the street, and form- 
ed one grand and two smaller arches ; these were so rich- 
ly and beautifully ornamented with festoons and flowers, that 
they would have answered well for decorations to the por- 
tals of the temple of Flora herself; the inscription here was 
" Welcome our hero. La Fayette." Having returned to the 
Orange Hotel, an address was presented to the General 
by Johannis Miller, Esq. President of the Orange county 
Agricultural Society, in behalf of said Society. 

The General was then ushered into the grand saloon of the 
Orange Hotel, attended by the Committee of Arrangements, 
consisting of Messrs. Rose, Ruggles, Smith, Fisk, and others, 
together with the Trustees of the village. The ladies and 
gentlemen of the village, and several hundreds from the ad- 
joining towns, had then the honor of a presentation, and were 
received with the accustomed aff'ability and kindness of our 
illustrious guest, until, completely exhausted with the fatigues 
of the day, and of the preceeding night, he was compelled to 
seek a few hours repose. The hall of audience was orna- 
mented with much taste, and it was in this room that the sup- 
per-table was bountifully spread, at 1 1 o'clock, when the 
General was sufficiently refreshed to take a seat at the table 

28* 



330 THE TOUR OF 

• 

On the right of the chair were the words — " Brand^'wiae, 
nth September, 1777," encircled by a wreath of ever- 
greens, and on the left, the v/ords " York Town, 19th Octo- 
tober, 1781," formed in the same manner. At the other 
end of the hall was a portrait of Washington, and the whole 
apartment was splendidly decorated with festoons and flowers 
of every variety ol the season, and brilliantly illuminated by 
the light of several chandeliers, reflected from a large num- 
ber of elegant mirrors. 

The arrangements at this place were extensive and 
unusually imposing, but the time of the General's arrival 
was so late, that much derangment was the consequence. 
His arrival having been expected the day before, the people 
had been assembling for nearly two days ; and it was compu- 
ted that, independently of the troops on duty, there were at 
least 10,000 persons in the village. The public houses-were 
all illuminated ; and a splendid ball was given at Crawford'^ 
Hotel. 

At 12 o'clock, the steam boat Chancellor Livingston which 
had also been detained on her passage up by the fog, made 
her appearance from A.lbany, when the most of the guests 
from New York, both ladies and gentlemen, returned to the 
city. Among the former were the two Miss. Wrights, who 
have lately arrived from France, and whose " View of the 
American Society and Manners," has acquired some consid- \ 
erable notoriety. The General and his suite came on board 
of the Kent at about the same hour, and retired to rest, when 
the boat made sail, and before day-light anchored off Pough- 
keepsie. 

Our National Guest has no where received a more flatter- 
ing reception, than at the beautiful, ancient, and patriotic vil- 
lage of Foughkeepsie ; nor has more promptitude, vigour, and 
taste, been displayed in the arrangements at any other place* 
At sun-rise all hands were "piped" on deck, and a more im- 
])osing spectacle has rarely been presented. The high bluffs 
below the landing place, were covered with troops in uni- 
form, and thousands of citizens were crowdingthe wharves, 
showing themselves in large groups from the neighboring 
heights, and windows of the houses standing within view of 
the river. All ages and sexes seemed to press anxiously for- 
ward to show their gratitude to their welcome visitor. At 
half past 6 o*clock, the boat got under way, and took a iwtik. 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 331 

upon the river, while a salute was tired by a corps of artillery 
stationed upon one of the heights. When the General ap- 
peared upon deck, the welkin rang with the cheers from the 
crowds upon the shore, which were returned from the boat. 
The boat was then drawn up to the wharf, where a company 
of horse, many of the officers of General Brush's division 
on horseback, all mounted on elegant horses, and in complete 
uniform, together with several uniform companies, wer<^ 
drawn up in great order under the direction of Major Gen. 
Brush, assisted by Colonel Cunningham. General La Fay- 
ette was then conducted by Thomas T. Oakley, Genera! 
James Tallmadge, Judge Emott, and Philo Ruggles, Esq. to a 
barouche, with four beautiful white horses, in which the Gen- 
era! took his seat, attended by Colonel Huger, of South Car- 
olina, General Van Courtland, General Fish, and General 
Lewis. A barouche, also drawn by four white horses, was 
then drawn up, which was occupied by the son of General 
La Fayette, and gentlemen attending them. The procession 
then formed and proceeded up Main-street, to Academy- 
street, down Cannon to Market-street, and drew up in front 
of Mr. Forbus' hotel, where the General was received by 
the Trustees. After being conducted to the pleasant and ex- 
tensive piazza in front of Mr. Forbus' house, and after be- 
ing introduced to the clergy and gentlemen attending, he was 
cordially addressed by Colonel Henry A. Livingston. 

To this address, the General returned a neat and feeling 
reply. 
A procession was then formed, under the direction of the com- 
mittee, to the Foughkeepsie hotel, at about 6 o'clock, where 
the General sat down to a sumptuous breakfast, handsomely- 
served up by Mr. Myer. At the Jiead of the table hung the 
well-known and venerated portrait of Washington, and at the 
opposite end, the Grand Banner of St. Tammany. On each side 
of the hall, at suitable distances, were suspended banners, 
with the arms, name, and motto, of each state in the union, 
Over the centre of the table, hung a canopy formed of fes- 
toons of flowers and ever-greens, of various kinds, belted by 
a ribbon, on which was inscribed the names of the thir- 
teen original States. Over the folding doors, were the well 
known words of " Welcome La Fayette" made with great 
accuracy, wholly of pink-coloured blossoms of china-astor, 
n»d oa one pf the walls, were inscribed the names of Washing 



332 THE TOUR OF 

ton and La Fayette, ivrought in laurel leaves, and encircled 
in garlands of flowers. Directly in front of the General's 
seat, stood a representation of the temple of Fame ; and the 
whole suite of apartments were decorated in a style to corres- 
pond with the above. 

Immediately after breakfast, and with a praise-worthy 
promptness, the escort was formed, and the General was at- 
tended to the boat with every possible mark of respect ; 
the troops again repaired to the heights ; and on hauhng 
into the stream, another salute was fired from the artillery, 
and afterwards several vollies of musketry were fired, with a 
precision which the General was pleased to say resembled 
very much the firing of regular troops. The shores were 
again lined with people, who cheered in all directions. 

Passing rapidly up the river, preparations were made for 
landing v/ith Governor Lewis, at the dock, near his elegant 
country seat. The boat arrived at about 12 o'clock, and on 
coming along side, carriages were found in readiness to con- 
vey the party to the mansion which stood at some distance 
from the road, which wound through a beautiful copse to 
the house. On alighting, the General and suite were intro- 
duced to the family, and were shortly after introduced into an 
apartment, where an elegantcollation was provided : peaches, 
grapes, and melons, were mingled with more substantial fare, 
and every variety of wine sparkled on the table. After re- 
maming an hour and a half, the General took leave of this 
hospitable family, and embarked, in order to continue his 
voyage to Albany. 

Soon afterwards, in passing the seat of James Thompson., 
Esq. a boat came off with a large basket of peaches, of enor- 
mous size, and excellent flavor, and with several elegant 
bouquets of flowers. 

In passing the landing at Kingston, (four miles from the 
village,) a large collection were found to have assembled ; 
a salute was fired from the shore, and hearty cheers given 
and returned. At this place. Colonel Henry Livingston, who 
commanded a Regmient under La Fayette in Rhode Island, 
and at Valley Forge, came on board. The General had just 
been inquiring of Colonel Fish, what had become of his old 
jtriend Henry Livingston, and received him most affection- 
ately. 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 33o 

Tiio steam-boat arrived at Clermont at about 4 o'clock in 
he afternoon, and came to anchor off the elegant mansion of 
Robert L. Livingston Esq. formerly the seat of the late 
^'hancellor Livingston. Before the boat arrived at the dock, 
t was discovered that the groves were literally alive with 
>eopIe, of all ages and sexes, equally anxious with the hos- 
pitable proprietor, to manifest their respect for their ex- 
)ected guest, and greet his landing. But while the rock^ 
md glens, and even trees to their top- most branches, presen- 
ed this animated spectacle, the General, his suite, and friends, 
vere still more surprised by the appearance upon the lawn 
)f this romantic and secluded place, of a regiment of well- 
lisciplined troops, in uniform, drawn up to receive him. — 
There were several vessels at anchor in the stream, one oi 
vhich (a large sloop) was decorated v/ith flags, and a stream- 
er floated from her mast with the motto of " Welcome La 
i^ayette," in large letters. On 1 mding, a salute was fired 
rom this vessel, which was unexpectedly returned from a 
tield piece planted in a thick copse of trees upon the shore. 
The General then ascended the shore, and was conducted 
)y Gpnerak T-ewis and Fish, to the mansion of Mr. Living- 
ston, where he was received by that gentleman with the ut- 
Tiost courtesy and cordiality. — x^fter tlie friends of Mr. Liv- 
ngston, assembled on the occasion, had been presented, the 
General reviewed the troops upon the laAvn, by whom he was 
honored with afeii dejoie. At this moment, a long proces- 
sion of the ardent and honorable fraternity of Freemasons, 
consisting of a Chapter of Royal Arch Masons, and the mem- 
bers of" Widow's Son Lodge," of Redhook, emerged from 
a grove, and on being presented to the General, an appro- 
priate address was delivered by Palmer Cook Esq. W. M. 
of the atbrementioned lodge. 

I After a brief and pertinent reply, the General accepted of 
\\n invitation to visit the seat of Edward P. Livingston, Esq. 
which is situated but a short distance to the north, upon the 
^ame elevated and beautiful plain. His reception was equally 
cordial and flattering as before. An excellent cold collation, 
[ogether with refreshments of every suitable kind, were 
served up. And while the company were partaking of 
these, the steam-boat Richmond, Captain William Wiswall, 
:ame gaily down, and anchored along side of the James Kent, 
[laving onboard Major-General Jacob Rutsen Van Rensse- 



334 ^J»HE TOUR OF 

iaer, and suite, Brigadier-General Fleming, and suite, the 
Mayor of Hudson, (Rufus Reed, E*q.) Dr. Tallman, late 
Mayor, and Colonel Strong, as delegates from the city of 
Hudson, together with the Hudson Band, and two elegant 
uniform companies, under the command of Colonel Edwards, i 
This formidable addition to the company already on the 
ground, repaired immediately to the seat of Mr. E. P. Liv- ; 
ingston, from whence, after refreshments were served out to | 
them by Mr. L. and Commodore Wiswall in person. General 
La Fayette was escorted back to the seat of his liberal enter- 
tainer. As night ca~me on, the troops and crowd from the i 
country dispersed, and the Hudson troops were taken on \ 
board of the steam-boat James Kent, where refreshments 
were ordered, and the forward deck and cabin assigned to 
them for the night. In the evening the whole of Mr. L's. 
splendid suite of apartments were brilliantly lighted up, and 
an elegant ball was given in honor of the General's company. 
The assemblage was very numerous, and a brilliant circle of. 
ladies, arrayed in all the charm of health, beauty, and rich ' 
and elegant dresses, were contributing to the festivity and 

joy of the occasion, by " tripping the light fantastic toe," or 

by conversation sparkled with wit, or adorned by the graces 
of polished manners and education. Among the guests this 
evening, in addition to those already named, were the Hon- 
orable Edward Livingston, of New Orleans, the Honorable >, 
Walter Patterson, Captain Ridgeley, of the Navy, the Hon- 
orable Peter R. Livingston, A. Vanderpool, Esq. of Kinder- 
hook, Mrs. Montgomery, (widow of the gallant General who 
fell at Quebec,) and many others whose names are not recol- 
lected. During the evening a sumptuous supper was served 
up in a style of magnificence rarely, if ever equalled in this 
country. The room selected for this part of the fete ^ was an 
extensive Greenhouse, or Orangery, and the effect was indis- 
cribably fine. The tables had been made and fitted for this 
occasion, and were spread beneath a large grove of Orange 
and Lemon trees, with bending branches of fruit, and many 
other species of exotic shrubs and plants. Flora also, had 
profusely scattered her blossoms ; and the whole scene 
seemed to partake of enchantment. The beholder stood 
gazing, as if bound by the wizzard spell of the Magician 
The night was dark and rainy ; but this contributed to th< 
general effect of the fete, inasmuch as the darkness height 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 336 

oAicA the effect of the thousand lamps by which the surround- 
ing groves were illuminated. There was also a fine exhibi- 
tion of fireworks, which had been prepared and brought from 
New-York for the occasion. It having been found incon- 
venient to provide suppers for so many on board of the boat, 
the whole detachment of troops were invited by Mr. L. to 
supper in the Green house, which invitation wa* accepted. 
At 10 o'clock. General La Fayette retired from this scene of 
gaiety and beauty, and at two the hall was closed, and the 
company separated, not only highly gratified with the enter- 
tainment, but with the manner in which it was got up and im- 
parted to his guests, by Mr. L. whose style of living closely 
approximates that of the real English gentleman, and whose 
wealth is equalled by his kindness and liberality. 

At 9 o'clock on Friday, the General again embarked, and 
proceeded on his way, and before 10 o'clock, was in sight of 
Catskill. And here was another animating spectacle. The 
long wharf which projects half a mile into the river, was oc- 
cupied by two battalions of troops in uniform. — The high- 
lands which nearly exclude the whole village from a view of 
the river, were covered with people, and on the arrival of 
the James Kent at the dock, a salute of 13 guns was fired 
from the artillery on one of the heights. The arrangements 
of General La Fayette rendered it absolutely necessary that 
he should be at Albany on that day to dinner, and hence it 
was utterly impossible for him to make any stay at Catskill. 
although he was earnestly pressed to dine by a very respect- 
able delegation. The General, to gratify the feelings of 
thousands who were assembled at the landing to hail his arri- 
val and bid him welcome, consented to land and pass through 
the principal streets, in an elegant carriage, accompanied by 
the Committee of Arrangements, and escorted by the milita- 
ry, and a large assemblage of citizens in procession. In 
front of Crowell's Hotel the procession halted, and the Gen- 
eral was received by the acclamations of a large concourse of 
people, eager to see, and embrace the Nation's Guest. 
Amongst the company was a body of the heroes of the revo- 
lution, whose furrowed features, silver locks, and tottering 
steps, bespoke age and hard service. But at the sight of 
their old General, they rushed forward to meet the quick- 
extended grasp of their old Commander. Among the num- 
ber, was an old servant who was with La Fayette when he 



336 THE TOUR OF 

was wounded at the battle of Brandy wine. This was a 
touching scene, few eyes were dry, either among the actors^ 
or spectators ; but the General's time was so short, that he 
was constrained to leave the further honors that awaited himi 
in this place, bid adieu to the citizens, and embark for| 
Hudson. 

The boat arrived at Hudson a few minutes before 2 o'clock : i 
but the same reason that prevented a longer stay at Catskill, 
also rendered it impossible, consistent with his arrangements, 
to make any considerable stay here. On landing, the crowd 
was so great that it was almost impossible to proceed, not- 
withstanding the active exertions of Colonel Darling,' the 
Marshal of the day, assisted by the military. The General 
was conducted to an elegant barouche, drawn by four beauti- 
ful black horses, attended by four grooms in a special livery. 
After the General, followed a number of other carriages, 
with his retinue, and the different delegates from the river 
towns. The procession passed up Ferry to Warren-street, 
where an arch was erected, which for its size, 'and elegance . 
of construction, exceeded any that had been previously seen j 
on the tour. The whole street, which is more than a mile ' 
in length, was choked with the crowd. And the windows, 
as at Catskill, were filled with ladies, whose snow-white 
hands and handkerchiefs, were gracefully waved in the air, 
while the crowd in the streets were cheering, and the Gen- 
eral, with his usual condescension, was bowing, or endeav- 
oring to bow, to every individual in the multitude. About 
half-way up the street, stood another arch, elegantly adorn- 
ed ; and at the head of the town was a third, superior to all, 
on the top of which stood a colossal figure of the Genius of 
Liberty, well proportioned and painted, holding in her hand 
the American standard, which being of unusual size, floated 
in the air with an imposing effect. To each of the arches of 
which we have spoken, were suspended appropriate inscrip- 
tions. On arriving at the square, at the head of Warren- 
street, the procession wheeled and returned to the Court- 
house, when the troops and citizens opened to the right and 
left, and all that could, passed through, and up to the Court- 
I'oom. All the seats without the bar were filled with the 
•' Daughters of Columbia," forming a large and interesting 
group of well-dressed and beautiful females. The Court 
room was superbly decorated — displaying more labor, tastf 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 337 

and skill, than any decorations of the kind that were seen on 
the route. At the entrance of the bar, on either side, stood 
a beautiful Corinthian pillar, with caps and cornices of the 
composite order of architecture, elegantly wrought and orna- 
mented with leaves and gold. On the top of each of these 
pillars was placed a globe, and the whole were united at the 
top by a chain of flowers of every hue, festooned with laurel 
and roses. T'he General was conducted to this rich and 
beautiful portal, where His Honor the Mayor delivered an 
interesting address. 

General La Fayette briefly replied to the address, after 
which the members of the Common Council were severally 
presented to him. A most interesting and afl'ecting spectacle 
was then presented ; sixty-eight veterans of the revolution, 
who had collected from the different parts of the count}^ 
formed a part of the procession, and were next presented ; 
and it so happened that several of them were officers, and 
many of them soldiers who had served with La Fayette. 
Notwithstanding that they were admonished that the great- 
est haste was necessary, yet every one had something to say ; 
and when they grasped his friendly hand, each seemed re- 
luctant to release it. One of them came up with a sword in 
his hand, which, as he passed, he remarked was " given to 
him by the Marquis," at such a place, "in Rhode Island." 
Another, with a tear glistening in his eye, as he shook the 
hand of the General, observed — " You, Sir, gave me the 
lirst guinea I ever had in my life — I shall never forget that.'" 

The officers of the militia were next presented, and after 
them, the ladies. But time would not allow of delay ; and 
many thous mds who were eagerly pressing forward, were 
disappointed in not being introduced to the man whom the\ 
had assembled to honour. In passing down the street, how- 
ever, on arriving opposite Allen's hotel, where arrange- 
ments had been made for the dinner, the solicitations were 
so warm and earnest, that the General was constrained tc» 
alight and take a glass of wine in the long room. And here, 
again, was presented a specimen of Hudson taste, which de- 
serves every commendation. The hall was decorated in a 
style of elegance, that would compare only with the Court- 
House. The General stopped but for a moment, when he 
re-entered his carriage, and returned to the boat — followed 
by the shouts and blessings of thousands. On leaving the 

29 



238 THE TOUR OF 

• 

dock, three cheers were given by themultitudp, and return-' 
ed from the boat — after which a salute was fired from the hill 
near the Observatory. In passing up the river, the docks^ 
at the village of Coxsackie, New Baltimore and Coeymans,! 
were crowded with people who cheered the General repeat- 
edly, and with as much enthusiasm as though they had 
had a nearer view. At Castleton, a large collection of peo- 
ple had assembled, and a salute was fired from a six pounder. 
In consequence of the unavoidable delays on the way, a 
freshet in the river, the contrary winds and tide, the James 
Kent did not arrive at her moorings at the Overslaugh, untill 
five o'clock (on Friday) — three hours later than was origin- 
ally contemplated. The consequence was, that the arrange- j 
ments of the committee for the city of Albany were deranged ; 
the committee themselves, consisting of Aldermen Townsend I 
and Humphrey, Colonel Bacon, and others, (in addition to the 
New York delegation, which had accompanied the General! 
from N. York,) who had been waiting to receive their guest, . 
were much fatigued ; and the troops, who had been on duty 
since 7 o'clock in the morning, without refreshment, were • 
nearly exhausted. On landing, the General was conducted! 
to a superb landau, drawn by four white horses, and car- 
riages were in readiness for the gentlemen accompanying:^ 
him. The procession was quickly formed, and moved rap- i 
idly on to Greenbush, escorted by a detachment of horse, J 
commanded by Major General Solomon Van Rensselaer,! 
Marshal of the day, assisted by Colonel Cooper. On arriv-l 
ing at the centre of the village, the General was conducted to ' 
a large marquee, erected beneath an arch, similar to those 
heretofore described, and bearing appropriate inscriptions, 
where he was received by the members of the ^Corporation, 
who welcomed him with an appropriate address ; after 
which, refreshments were served, and the procession moved 
on. Night was now rapidly setting in ; and the delay at the 
Ferry, for the want of a sufficient number of boats, render- 
ed it quite dark when the General landed in Albany. It was 
however, easy to discern, that the preparations for the event 
had been extensive, and that a prodigious assemblage of peo- 
ple were yet impatiently awaiting his approach. He was 
welcomed, in behalf of the citizens, by Stephen Lush, Esq. 
one of the oldest and most respectable of the inhabitants of 
Albany, who rode inthe carriage with him. A large detach- 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 31 u< 

iieut of troops were on duty, and a salute was fired by a 
corps of artillery, stationed near the Ferry-stairs, which 
was answered by the old Clinton field-piece, which has long 
«tood upon the hill back of Albany, to send its thunder forth, 

choing among the distant hills, on all patriotic occasions. 
On entering the city, the procession passed under an arch, 
inscribed " The Hero is Welcome." At the junction of 
Church and South Market-streets, stood another arch, large 
md beautiful, inscribed, " We remember thy deeds — We re- 
vere thy worth — We love thy virtues." At the foot of 
Beaver-street, near the Museum, stood a third stupendous 
arch, displaying by its festoons and the disposition and vari- 
ety of flowers interwoven with evergreens, much beauty in 
itself, and taste in the ladies, whose delicate fingers had form- 
ed and ornamented it. — On entering the foot of State-street, 
on the site of the Old Dutch Church, stood a temple, richly 
ornamented, around the pillars of which the ivy was 
gracefully entwined. On the top of the temple, stood a 
large living eagle, who proudly flapped his wings as the' 
chieftain passed. Many of the houses were illuminated, 
among which were the capitol, and the whole block of Greg- 
ory's buildings, including the houses of Chancellor Sanford, 
Mr. Gregory, Isaac Hamilton, Esq. and the extensive estab- 
lishment of Mr. Cruttenden. On the front of the latter was 
\ transparency, executed by Inman, of this city, represent- 
ing the reception of General La Fayette by the Genius of 
Liberty, who proflers him a scroll ; and in the back ground 
was seen the ship Cadmus, in which he made his passage 
from France. The elevated situation of these lofty build- 
ings, contributed to give the illumination a splendid and ele- 
gant appearance ; and the eff*ect was greatly heightened by 
the bright light cast upon the military, the cavalcade, and 
the immense concourse of people, who otherwise would 
only have been felt instead of seen. On alighting at the cap- 

tol, the General was conducted to the Senate Chamber, 
' where he was received by the Honourable Ambrose Spen- 
cer, Mayor of the city, and the members of the Corporation-. 
He was addressed by the Mayor in the following words : 

*' Sir — Your visit to this country is received with univer* 
sal and heartfelt joy. Your claims upon the gratitude and 
the friendship of this Nation, arise from your heroic devo- 



Mo TI^p TOUR OF 

lion to its freedom, and your uniform assertion to the riglil.- 
of man. The progress of time has attested the purity of 
your character, and the lustre of your heroism ; and the 
whole course of your life has evinced those exalted virtues, 
which were first displayed in favour of the independence and . 
liberty of America. 

" In the hour of difficulty and peril, when America, with- 
out allies, without credit, with an enfeebled government, and 
with scanty means of resistance, contiding in the justice of 
her cause and the protection of Heaven, was combating far 
her liberties, against a nation, powerful in resources and all 
the materials for war, when our prospects of success were,, 
by many considered more than doubtful, if not desperate, you 
devoted all your energies and all your means to our defence : 
and after witnessing our triumphant success, your life ha- 
been consecrated to the vindication of the liberties of the 
old world. 

" When Franklin, the wisest man of the age, pronounced 
3''0U the most distinguished person he ever knew, when 
Washington, the illustrious hero of the new world, honour- 
ed you with friendship the most sincere, and with contidence 
the most unlimited, they evinced their just discernment of 
character, and foresaw the further display of faculties anc! 
virtues which would identify your name with liberty, and 
demonstrate your well founded claims to the gratitude, the 
love, and the admiration of mankind. 

" The few surviving statesmen and soldiers of the Revo- 
hition have gathered around you as a friend and a brother — 
the generation that has risen up since your departure, cher- 
ish the same feelings, and those that will appear in the suc- 
cessive future ages, will hail you as the benefactor oi 
America, and the hero of liberty. In every heart you have 
a friend, and your eulogium is pronounced by every tongue. 
In behalf of the inhabitants of this ancient city, I welcomr 
you most cordiall}-", and tender to you their civic honours. 
i salute you as an illustrious benefactor of our country ; and 
I supplicate the blessings of Heaven on a life sanctified in the 
sublime cause of heroic virtue and disinterested benevo 
lence." 

To this address, which we beg leave to pronounce forci 
ble and elegant, the General returned the following reply - 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 341 

'* Sir — The enjoyments of my visit to the beautiful and 
appy shores of the North River, cannot but be highly en- 
lancedby the affectionate reception, the civic testimonies oi" 
isteem, which are conferred upon me in this city, and by the 
nanner in which you are pleased to express sentiments so 
gratifying to my heart. Not half a century has elapsed since 
his place, ancient, but small, was my head quarters, on the 
Vontiers of an extensive wilderness, since as commander in 
he northern department, I had to receive the oath of renun- 
,ialion to a royal distant government, of allegiance to the 
nore legitimate sovereignty of the people of the United 
states. Now, Sir, Albany has become a considerable 'city ; 
s the central seat of the authorities of the state of New 
V'ork. Those wildernesses rank among the most populous, 
the best cultivated parts of the union. This risiiig genera- 
tion, has, in two glorious wars, and still more so m her ad- 
mirable institutions, asserted an indisputable superiority over 
the proud pretenders to a controul upon her. 

'' To these happy recollections, Sir, you have the good- 
ness to add remembrances of my early admission among the 
sons and soldiers of America, of friendships the most hon- 
ourable and dear to me. I will not attempt to express the 
feelings that crowd on my mind, and shall only beg you, Sir. 
and the gentlemen of the Corporation, to accept the tribute 
of my respectful and devoted gratitude, for the city of Alba- 
ny and her worthy magistrates.^' 

The members of the Common Council and those friends 
who had been specially invited, having been introduced, the 
General was then conducted to the Governor's apartment, 
where he was received by his Excellency Governor Yates, 
who addressed him as follows : 

♦' General — A million and a half of freemen congratulate 
you on your arrival in this state ; and as their chief magis- 
trate, and in their behalf, i bid you welcome. 

*' On your appearance, the recollection of former days 
recur to us afresh, but it is impossible to give our ideas utter- 
ance. 

*' Those among us whose immediate ancestors or connec- 
tions were actively engaged in that arduous and mighty effort 
for a nation's freedom— in which you so essentially contri- 
buted, experience emotions the most excjuisite, on this happy 
29» 



342 Tfft: TOUR OF 

and highly interesting occasion ; and if this be so with re- 
gard to them, who can describe the sensations of the few sur- 
viving revolutionary soldiers and patriots, your companions 
in arms. 

"■ It is impossible for language to depict the feelings of a 
grateful nation, emancipated from thraldom by your aid — 
happy in the full enjoyment of their rights and privileges' 
and flourishing in arts, on beholding their distinguished bene- 
factor, (who is so justly ranked among the most prominent of 
their deliverers) again revisiting their shores, after an ab- 
sence of two score years. 

" It is, General, one of the most pleasant circumstances of; 
my life, that I am favoured with the honour of personally 
addressing you ; and may the blessing of the Almighty al 
ways attend you, and may your course through life be a- 
happy as it has been glorious." 

This aflfectionate address was answered by General La 
Fayette, as follows : 

"Sir — The kind welcome you are pleased to express ii 
behalf of the free and happy citizens of the State of New 
York, is an additional claim to my gratitude towards them 
and a particular obligation conferred upon me by their res- 
pected chief magistrate. 

" The inexpressible feelings, which the presence of my 
revolutionary companions, and the afiection and esteem of 
the succeeding generations could not fail to excite, mingle 
in my heart with the delight I enjoy from the sight of the 
wonderful improvements, superior to the most sanguine anti- 
cipations, which, in the space of forty years, have so clearly 
evinced the power of enlightened patriotism under republ' 
can institutions. 

" I beg your Excellency to accept my affectionate and res 
pectful acknowledgements.'* 

The suite of the Governor having been presented to the; 
General, together with his Excellency's particular friends, he 
was conducted from the capitol to the residence of Matthew 
Gregory, Esq. (who mounted the ramparts with La Fayette 
and Hamilton at Yorktown,) where many of the most distin- 
guished gentlemen of the city and state, were assembled to 
puy him their respects. Among them were Governor Clirin 



i 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 343 

ton, the Chancellor, and Judges of the Supreme Court, the 
Lieut. Governor, and principal officers of the state, &c. kc. 
After remaining here for the space of an hour, the General 
was attended to the lodgings prepared for him at Crutten- 
den's, and where a rich and bountiful supper was spread for 
the Corporation and lis guests, in "mine host's' best style — - 
which is saying enough upon that point. The Mayor presid- 
ed at this entertainment, assisted by Alderman Van Ingen ; 
and a number of toasts were drank byway of concluding the 
banquet. 

Over head, in front of the chair of the president, was the 
painted inscription — " La Fayette the Guest of the Nation,-' 
and on the reverse — "Yorktown, October 1 9th, 1781.'" 
Among the festoons were the words wrought with flowers — 
-' Flora's Tribute." On the right of the chair hung the 
portrait of La Fayette, painted in 1783 ; and on the left that 
of the late Robert Morris. Farther down the room, stood a 
marble pedestal, surmounted with the bust of Washington, 
crowned with a wreath of laurel ; and an American Bald 
Eagle hovered over the door. The wine was excellent, and 
the entertainment passed off with great eclat. After re- 
maining a short time in the drawing room, the General, ac- 
companied by the distinguished gentlemen before mention- 
ed, (excepting Governor Clinton, who did not attend, in con- 
sequence of the recent death of his son,) repaired to the 
Assembly Chamber of the Capitol, which was echoing to the 
music and the dance of a splendid ball, given in honour of 
the " Nation's Guest." The room was handsomely, though 
not profusely, decorated with wreaths and festoons, and the 
pillars entwined with ivy. The Speaker's Chair was en- 
tirely shrowded or enveloped in shrubbery of ever-greens 
and flowers, and in front, in the centre of a large and beauti- 
ful garland, was the following inscription — '' Welcome brave 
La Fayette ; we hail thee as the Nation's Guest and early 
friend." From the staff projectingforward from the gallery, 
floated a broad streamer, bearing the hero's name. Over the 
Speaker's chair, the well known full length portrait of 
Washington preserved its place, encircled by a wreath of 
laurel ; and the walls were hung round with banners, inscrib- 
ed with the names of the following General? of the Revolu- 
tion, viz. Schuyler, Lincoln, Hamilton, Lingan, Wayne, War- 
ren, Montgomery, Greene, Knox, Wooster. Heath, Gates. 



^44 THE TOUR OF 

Clinton, M'Dougall, and Gansevoort. General La Fayetxc 
stayed but about an hour amidst this scene of pleasure and 
gaiety, during which time the ladies and gentlemen moved in 
procession before him, and were severally honoured with an 
introduction. At 1 o'clock, he retired to obtain that repose 
which the incessant fatigues of the week must have rendered 
not only desirable, but highly necessary. 

On Saturday morning, the General pose in excellent health 
and spirits, at an early hour ; and as the arrangements ol' 
the day required that no time should be lost, the calls of 
gentlemen commenced at a most unfashionable time. Among 
other gentlemen, Mr. Clinton called, pursuant to a request 
from the New-York Literary and Philosophical Society, oi 
which he is President, to present the General with a diplo- 
ma of membership. And in performing this duty, he ad- 
dressed the General in an appropriate manner. 

In replying to this forcible and elegant address of our dis- 
finguished fellow citizen, General La Fayette remarked ii^ 
substance, "• that the honour conferred on him was rendered 
the more gratifying to his feelings by the redection, that the 
evidence of it was presented to him by the highly respected 
son and nephew of two of his departed brothers in arms, and 
warm and personal friends and companions." 

At 8 o'clock the military were again under arms, and ap- 
peared before the General's lodgings, to escort him through 
a number of the principal streets, and thence to one of the 
elegant canal packet-boats, in which the Corporation had 
invited him to take a trip to Troy, and thence by land to 
Lansingburg, Waterford, and home by way of the Caboose 
Falls, where the boat was in readiness to receive him. The 
procession moved down State, South, Pearl and Lydius 
streets, to South Market street, and thence up the second 
lock, near the seat of the Patroon. The day was uncom- 
monly fine, and the military appeared to excellent advan- 
tage. — The crowd was moreover very great, the whole mass 
of citizens being in motion, and multitudes having flocked in 
from the surrounding country. It was 12 o'clock before the 
General, together with the Corporation and their guests, 
embarked on board of the "Schenectady Packet," which 
was gaily dressed for the occasion. The embarkation was 
announced by a salute from cannon stationed on the hill, near 
the seat of Elias Kane. Esq. The Albany Band occupied a 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 345 

boat which preceded the packet, and a boat which followed 
was occupied by the officeis of the Albany Military Associa- 
tion and their friends. Next followed two or three large 
packet boats filled with spectators, and the banks the whole 
distance were lined with people. Among the guests of the 
Corporation were Governor Yates, Mr. Clinton, the Chan- 
cellor and Judges, General Lewis, Colonel Fish, Colonel 
Huger, the Hon. Peter R. Livingston, and many others. 
The boats were briskly propelled onward by six horses 
each, selected for the occasion. In passing the Half-way- 
House, a large basket of delicious grapes, in rich clusters, 
and adorned with flowers, was sent on board as a present to 
the General, from the Shakers at Neskayuna. At the United 
States garrison, at Gibbonsville, the General stopped, and 
was received within the walls of the arsenal by a salute of 21 
guns. Having returned to the packet, the party moved on 
to the lateral canal, leading to the river, through which they 
descended and entered the Hudson by one of the " sprouts'* 
which form the Delta of the Mohawk. At this place eight 
row-boats, all dressed with flags, the broadest of which bore 
the popular name of " Clinton," were in readiness to tow 
the packet across the river, which service was expeditious- 
ly performed. 

The General landed at Troy on a platform,erected and car- 
peted for the occasion, and a salute was tired. He was receiv- 
ed by a deputation of the citizens, consisting of Messrs. Tib- 
bitts, Russell, Mallory, Dickinson, Cushman, Paine, and oth- 
ers, by the former of whom he was presented with a hand- 
some address. 

The crowd was here very great, but they were orderly ; 
and the military parade was rendered more formidable by 
the addition of two companies of uniform troops from Alba- 
ny. A procession was here formed, which was escorted 
through the principal streets — the General riding, as usual, 
in an open carriage, attended by Colonel Lane — to the 
" Troy House," kept by Mr. Titus. On arriving here, he 
was received by the Common Council of the city, and an ad- 
dress was delivered to him by Mr. Recorder Clowes. 

The concourse of people was immensely great ; and such 
was the anxiety to see the illustrious visitor, that he went 
out upon the piazza, and gratified the multitude as long as his 
time would allow. The piazza was handsomely adorned 



MG THE TOUR OF 

with festoons of ever-greens and roses, and in the centre wa;^ 
jierched a large living eagle, with a miniature of La Fayett<- 
upon his neck. While standing here, a deputation from the 
Troy Royal Arch Chapter of Masons, were introduced to 
him. They came with a request that he would favour the 
Chapter, then in session in the tabernacle above, with the 
honour of a visit. The request was immediately assented 
to ; and he was received, together with his son, with masonic 
honours. 

The officers and members having been severally presen- 
ted, the General retired to the dining-hail below, where a 
cold collation ryas handsomely and bountifully provided. 
While partaking of a little refreshment, the following notf 
was presented to him, and the invitation promptly and cheer- 
fully accepted : 

" To General La Fayette. — The Ladies of Troy, having 
assembled at the Female Seminary, have selected from 
their number a committee to request of General La Fayettt 
that he would grant them an opportunity of beholding m hi- 
person their own, and their country's generous and belov- 
ed benelactor." 

The General, prompt in his movements, together with 
those gentlemen of the party who chose, repaired to the 
Seminary ; and here a scene of deep and delightful interest 
transpired. On arriving at the gate of the institution, an ar- 
bour of ever-greens, which, like Jonah's gourd, sprang up 
in a night, was found to extend the whole distance to the 
building, which is about 200 feet. At the entrance of this 
arbour was the following inscription : — *' America commands 
her Daughters to welcome their Deliverer, La Fayette.'' 
At this place the General was met by the Committee of Ar- 
rangements, and Mrs. Colonel Pawling pronounced a pleas- 
ing address — which, as usual, received a brief and pertipenf 
reply. 

On entering the institution, the General was presented to 
Mrs. Willard, the principal, and afterwards the pupils were 
presented by her, for which purpose they were arranged in 
two lines along the hall leading directly from the arbour. — 
Two of the pupils, daughters of the Governors of Vermont 
and Michigan, then advanced and presented the following 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 347 

i>ae*, entitled " La Fayette's Welcome," and written for the 
occasion by the principal ; 

And art thou, then, dear Hero come ? 
And do our eyes behold the man, 

Who nerved his arm and bared his breast 
For us, ere yet our life began ? 

For us and for our native land. 
Thy youthful valour dared the war ; 

And now, in winter of thine age, 
Thou'st come and left thy lov'd ones far. 

Then deep and dear thy welcome be ; 
Nor think thy daughters far from thee : 
Colunibia's daughters, lo ! we bend, 
And claim to call thee Father, Friend ! 

But was't our country's rights alone 
Impell'd Fayette to Freedom's van ? 

No ! 'twas the love of human kind — 
It was the sacred cause of man — 

It was benevolence sublime. 
Like that which sways the Eternal mind I 

And, benefactor of the world, 
He shed his blood for all mankind ! 

Then deep and dear thy welcome be : 
Nor think thy daughters far from thee I 
Daughters of human kind, we bend, 
And claim to call thee Father, Friend ! 

These lines were afterwards, by particular request, sung 
with great sweetness and pathos, by Miss Eliza Smith, of 
Worcester, Massachusetts, in the choruses of which the young 
ladies generally joined, and the whole was executed with 
much effect. The General was much affected, and at the 
close of the singing, with eyes suffused in tears, he said — " I 
cannof express what I feel on this occasion ; but will you. 
Madam, present me with three copies of those lines, to be 
given by me, as from you, to my three daughters." — It is 
wholly unnecessary to add that the request vvas complied 
with. The General then retired, and was conducted by the 
Committee of Arrangements back, through the arbour, along 
the sides of which the pupils had formed themselves inclose 



% 



548 THE TOUR OF 

order, to the number of about 200. It was a most interest- 
ing spectacle, thrilling the soul with delightful anticipations. 
Female education was far too long neglected, even after the 
sombre clouds of the ignorance land prejudice of the dark 
ages had been dissipated. " The human mind," says Cicero. 
" without instruction, is like a field without cultuie." The 
visit of the General, to Troy, short as it was, afforded him 
great satisfaction. He talked much about it, and frequently 
spoke of his visit to the Seminary, as one of the most inter- 
estmgand dehghtful moments of his life. 

By this time the day was so far advanced that the visit to 
Lansingburgh, Waterford and the Falls, was necessarily re- 
linquished, though with great reluctance — particularly on the 
part of General La Fayette, as he wished both to gratifj'^ the 
wishes of those villages, and to enjoy a farther opportunity 
of examining that great work, from a short section of which 
he had that morning derived so much pleasure. It was how- 
ever necessary to embark and return to Albany, which was 
accordingly done — the whole party partaking of an excellent 
dinner on board of the boat. 

On landing at the head of the Basin, he was escorted as 
before, but through different streets, back to his lodgings. 
In the evening he visited Governor Clinton, and afterwards 
his Excellency Governor Yates, whence he was escorted to 
the steam-boat, where he embarked on his return to New- 
York at about 12 o'clock. General Muir was detached b} 
the Governor, with Majors Henry and Webster, aids of Ma- 
jor General Stephen Van Rensselaer, to accompany General 
La Fayette to New-York as an escort. 

On Sunday morning, the General stopped at Red Hook 
and visited Mrs. Montgomery, widow of General Montgom- 
ery, who fell in storming the city of Quebec, December 1 775, 
where he met a numerous collection of friends, and partook 
of a sumptuous dinner. About 2 o'clock, the General took 
an affectionate leave of Mrs. Montgomery and guests, find re- 
tired on board of the steam-boat, on his way to New- York. 
At 7 o'clock the boat came to at Fisbkill landing, and the 
General called on Mrs. Dewitt, grand-daughter of the former 
President Adams, where he was courteously as well as splen- 
didly received, amidst a numerous collection of friends assem- 
bled to greet their country's guest. To add to the enjoy- 
ments of this intervifijv, the General had the pleasure of 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 349 

shaking cordially by the hand another of his brave Light In- 
fantry, adding, " the Light InHmtry were a brave corps, and 
under my inimediate command." *' Yes," returned the old 
soldier, '* and you gave us our swords and plumes." The 
General made but a short stay, took leave of his friends, and 
returned to the boat under a salute of three hearty cheers. 

The boat arrived at Courtland-street wharf, New-York, at: 
3 o'clock in the morning, and at 5 the General returned to his 
lodging>, after a most delightful excursion. 

On Monday afternoon, in consequence of previous arrange- 
ments, General La Fayette partook of a dinner at Washing 
ton Hall, to which he had been invited by the Grand Lodge 
of this State. From 5 to 600 of the craft, decorated with 
their sacred symbols, were present. Language is inadequate 
to give a correct description of the scene. 

After the General's return to New-York, he received the 
following address, inclosing 150 dollars, which had beer, 
raised by a liberal contribution amongst the children of Cat? 
kill, after he left that village. 

" 77ie Children of the village of Cat skill, to General La. 
. Fayette:' 
" While the most distinguished civil honours of our coun- 
try have justly been paid to the friend of Washington, and 
the champion of liberty, we ardently pray, that our moral 
and religious privileges may be continued, promoted, and ap- 
preciated ; and as we are aware that the enlightening, civil- 
izing, and ameliorating influences of the Bible, are the strong- 
est and most efficient means of maintaining the glorious ad- 
vantages we enjoy : we, the children of the village of Cats- 
kill, solicit General La Fayette to permit us to constitute him 
a life Director of the American Bible Society ; presuming 
that you. Sir, will duly appreciate the motives which havf 
induced us to adopt this expression of our gratitude for SsC; 
vices too essential to American freedom ever to be forgotten. " 

The Gtineral was much pleased with the attention, anci 
returned his kind acknowledgements for the honor done hiii: 

Previous to the General's departure on Thursday mori; 
iiig, the Cincinnati Society, the Mayor, and the Honorabl 
Corporation of the city and county, and a large collection o. 
citizens, met by appointment in the audience chamber i:* 
the City Hotel, at 9 o'clock. Soon after they were a* 

30 



/ 



350 THE TOUR OF 

sembled, the Nation's Guest entered the room, and after saiu-^ 
ting round the semi-circle all his old companions in arms, and 
the Honorable Corporation, and the citizens, he was ad- 
dressed by Gurdon S. Mumford, Esq. as follows : 

" General La Fayette — 

* Sir — How inscrutible are the ways of Providence, and His 
works past jSnding out I I hold in my hand a relic — nothing 
less than the Cane of the immortal Franklin — this large gold- 
headed cane was bequeathed to our beloved Washington ; 
and by whom can this relic, now exhibited to you, be better 
transmitted to posterity than through the putative son of Ben- 
jamin Franklin, for such 1 may be permitted to call you, 
from the very affectionate manner in which he uniformly ad- 
vocated your disinterestedness and devotedness to the pros- 
perity of our beloved country. 

*' The hand that held this cane, when an American agent in 
London, at the time the Stamp Act was passed, wrote to his 
intimate friend, Charles Thompson, Esq. of blessed memory', 
but now no more on earth, that the Sun of Liberty was set. 
and that we must in America " light up the candles of indus- 
try and economy." 

" The hand that held this cane was among the foremost in 
signing our Independence. 

'* The hand that held this cane met Lord Howe, sent out 
to conciliate America. His Lordship expressed " the ex- 
treme pain he would suffer in being obliged to distress those 
he so much regarded." " I feel thanld'ul to your Lordship," 
replied Franklin, " for your regard. The Americans will 
show their gratitude, by endeavouring to lessen the pain you 
may feel on their account, in exerting their utmost abilities 
to take good care of themselves." 

" The hand that held this cane signed the definitive Treaty 
of Peace, which consummated our Independence. 

" You will recollect. Sir, that at three score years and ten. 
Dr. Franklin embarked in a merchant vessel for France, dis- 
regarding the risks he run, provided he was in the way of his 
duty — serving his country — and, providentially for these 
United States, he arrived safe in France. Suppose for a 
moment that he should have been captured on his passage to 
France, with a rebel commission in his pocket, what would 
liave been the inevitable consequences ? Most assuredly the 



GENEkAL LA FAYETTE. 351 

same line of conduct would have been dealt out to him as 
was so severely adhered to by the British Government, in 
the case of another disinterested patriot, Henry Laurens, 
formerl}'- President of Congress, taken on his passage to Eu- 
rope, and immersed in the Tower of London during the 
remainder of the war. 

" With these impressions, permit me to deliver this relic 
into your hands for safe keeping, to serve as a memorial to 
future generations. 

" I wish you much health and happiness." 

To which the General replied — 

" Sir — I receive this relic with infinite satisfaction, and shall 
transmit it as requested. You make a great sacrifice, and 
evince great disinterestedness." 

Immediately on the conclusion of this ceremony, the 
General left the Hotel, and was escorted by the troop of 
horse of the second and third regiments, the battalion of the 
eleventh, the battalion of the third doing duty with muskets, 
and the battalion of infantry of the second regiment, to the 
steam-boat James Kent, at the foot of Courtland-street. — He 
was also accompanied by the Cincinnati Society, and a num- 
ber of distinguished citizens. The boat left the wharf amidst 
the repeated cheers of an immense multitude, assembled on 
the surrounding wharfs, to bid adieu to their much beloved 
guest. The General remained on deck (bowing with the 
utmost complacency,) until he could be no longer distinguish- 
ed by the spectators from the shore. 



CHAPTER XXZ. 

THE general's TOUR THROUGH THE MIDDLE STATES TO 
THE CITY OF WASHINGTON RECEPTION BY CONGRESS. 

On the arrival of General La Fayette upon the shore olT 
New- Jersey, he was waited upon by General Dayton, Colo- 
nel Kinney, and Major Kean, of the suite of Governor Wil- 
liamson, and conducted to Lyon s Hotel, where he was receiv- 
ed by the Governor himself, and introduced to a number of 



:im TH5 TOUR OT 

distinguished citizens of New-Jersey. While here, a lui 
basket of large and delicious peaches were presented to th< 
General, from the extensive fruitery of Mr. Taphagan. Th* 
General was accompanied to Jersey by the Mayor, Recorder 
Members of the Common Council, the Society of Cincinnati, 
and several other gentlemen, all of whom were politely in- 
vited to visit and join in the festivites at Newark, and dine 
with the company at Elizabethtown. After remaining a few 
minutes, the General, with his Excellency Governor Wil- 
liamson entered a superb carriage, drawn by four beautiful 
bay horses, and a cavalcade was formed, which proceeded 
leisurely towards Newark, escorted by a squadron of New- 
Jersey cavalry, and two companies which had been invited 
from N. York. Arrived at Bergen, it was found that the in- 
habitants of that little town had assembled at the Inn, and 
were so anxious to pay their respects to the General that he 
ivas constrained to alight for a moment. Here, unexpected- 
ly, he was formally addressed by a delegation from the town, 
and presented with a superb cane made from an apple-tree , 
under which W^ashington and La Fayette dined, when passing i 
through that town, during the revolution, and which was blown 
down by the violent gale of the 3d of September, in 1821. 
The <y\ne is richly mounted with gold, and bears the follow- 
ing inscription : — " La Fayette," on the top, and round tlu 
head the words — " Shaded the hero and his friend Washing- 
ton, in 1779 — Presented by the Corporation of Bergen, in 
1824." 

As General La Fayette re-ascended his carriage and left 
this ancient village, he was heartily cheered. On approach- 
ing the Passaic bridge, in the vicinity of Newark, a salute was 
fired from the hill. Having ascended the hill and entered 
this charming town, it was found that if the military display, 
•and the number of people on the way, had not been so great 
as was anticipated, both were now fir more imposing than one 
could have supposed. On the green, near Dr. Griffin's 
Church, were one or two regiments of troops drawn up in a 
line, in front of a regular encampment of tents, and the broad 
streets and commons were literally crowded with people. 
But as the procession passed through the town, it was found 
that the troops at first seen, formed but a small proportion of 
the whole. Three thousand infantry and five hundred horse 
were under arms, and the windows of every house were asfuU 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 363 

of spectators as the streets. The General was conducted 
around the extensive lawn south of the Episcopal Church, to 
the seat of Major Boudinot, where he was introduced to the 
Judges of the United States District, and Superior State 
.Courts, and to the principal officers of State, and the leading 
gentlemen of the village, and surrounding country. While 
here, a deputation from Morristown, his ancient head quar- 
ters, waited upon the General, and through their Chairman, 
presented an appropriate address, in pursuance of a resolu- 
tion passed at a meeting of the citizens of that town. 

The General replied that nothing would aiford him greater 
satisfaction than to visit a town with which so many endear- 
ing associations were connected in his mind ; but that his ar- 
rangements were such, that a visit to Morristown now, were 
impossible ; on his return from the South, however, he 
should avail himself of some opportunity to pay the patriotic 
citizens a visit. 

After partaking of refreshments, a procession was formed 
consisting of the principal officers present, the Corporation 
of Newark, the Members of New- York Corporation pre- 
sent, Colonel Varick, General Morton, and others Members, 
of the Cincinnati of New-York, together with delegates and 
distinguished citizens of New-Jersey, which proceeded to 
the south end of the green, now environed with troops, and 
entered between the two columns. At the entrance were 
ranged in two Imes, twenty -four male singers, who sang the 
following lines : 

Hail ! the gallant Chief, whose fame 

Is pure as Heaven's ethereal flame I — 'k'' 

Who comes our peaceful fields to cheer, 

A Father of ten millions dear ! 

Oh ! strew the blooms of vale and grove — 
Bright as our tear — warm as our love ! 
The present and the past are met 
To bid us welcome La Fayette ! 

The General, followed by the procession, then passed up 
through the centre of the green until he came within a few 
yards of a magnificent bower, where he was received by 
twenty-four females, ranged in the order as before, who sang 
the following lines : 

30* 



iU THE TOUR OF 

« 

We weave the wreath, we pour the wine, 
Where smiles like sparkling sun-beam shine 
And hail the thousands fondly met 
To greet the matchless La Fayette I 

Unseen, around the flow'r-dress'd way, 
Shades of the dead in glory play I 
While hearts beat high and eyes are wet, 
The winds of Heaven hail La Fayette ! 

He then passed between the lines, the path, as he approach- 
ed, being strewed with roses and other flowers, and passed 
through the portico into the splendid rural temple, whi':h 
had been erected for his reception, where a feeling ad- 
dress was pronounced by Theodore Frelinghuysen, Esq. At 
torney General of the State, in behalf of the town of New- 
ark. The General made a very feeling reply. There were 
a great number of revolutionary soldiers present. One whr 
was introduced to the General, was more than 100 years old 
An old lady also pressed forward, v/hose husband had serve.' 
\vith La Fayette, and would not be restrained from shaking 
hands with the hero. 

The bower prepared for the reception of the General was 
splendid beyond description. The base of the temple cover- 
ed an area of about 35 feet diameter, and was formed of thir- 
teen arches, representing the thirteen original states, sui 
mounted by a dome, representing the western hemisphere 
The pillar's which sustained the dome, were fifteen feet ii 
iieighth, and of due proportion. On either side, extending 
directly back, uere colonnades of twelve arches each, intend 
ted as arbours for the ladies. But the front was the mo> 
imposing. The portico was lofty, and formed four granci 
Iriumphal arches, supporting what might be called a tower- 
On the top of this stood a large and tinely wrought goldeit 
Eagle, with a crown of laurel in his beak, and on one side a 
cornucopias, and the olive branch and cap of liberty in his 
talons. In the centre of this portico was erected a platform, 
on which v/ere two large chairs, and over that intended for 
the General, hung a canopy in the form of a cone, wreathed 
vsrith flowers of bright and various hues. In front of the 
portico, beneath tlie capital of the pillar, was the name o( 
La Fayette, in large letters wrought of white blossoms. 
Over the several arohes forming the portico, were the fol- 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. oOy 

lowing inscriptions : On the West: "Now I am going to 
serve you." On the Soutii : '' For him whom a nation de- 
lights to honour." On the North: "We ne'er shall look upon 
his like again." Onthe East : " His laurels shall never fade." 

The cornices of the portico, within and without, were 
richly ornamented with flowers, wrought in the body of the 
work, so as to resemble festoons ; and the arches of the 
interior of the temple were also adorned with flowers. On 
each side of the portico, extending to the distance of one 
hundred and tifty feet, and running forward in a moderate 
angle, were colonnades of twelve arches each, representing 
the twenty-four states ; and, with the portico as a common 
centre, binding the whole, representing the union of the 
states. These colonnades formed extensive and beautiful 
bowers, and were filled with ladies, who advanced in columns 
after the General was seated, and were introduced. The 
workmanship of the temple and arbours, which we have at- 
tempted to describe, was as neat as the design was beautiful 
and classical. Every thing was interwoven with the great- 
est skill and compactness ; and by the aid of the verdant 
box, the artist was enabled to form cornices, capitals, and 
fret-work, with almost as much exactness as could be pre- 
served in sculpturing marble. It was indeed a fairy palace : 
and we can give no better idea of its appearance at a dis- 
tance, than by referring to the foliage in Mr. Vanderlyn't; 
picture of the Palace and Garden of Versailles. For the 
design and execution of this work, the inhabitants of New- 
ark are indebted to William Halsey, Esq. 

The General, in company with the Governor, and others, 
then proceeded to reviev/ the troops ; al^er which, he re- 
ceived a marching salute, and returned to the house of Major 
Boudinot, where a sumptuous collation was spread, which 
was prepared by Mr. Morton, of the Newark Hotel. The 
repast was moistened with a choice glass of wine. Before 
rising from the table. Colonel Ward, Chairman of the Com- 
mittee of Newark proposed the following toast, which was 
drank with rapturous applause — " Our distinguished guest. 
General La Fayette. — We thank France for her Son : May 
America not forget, and Europe feel to good purpose the in- 
fluence of his bright example." 

This toast was responded by General La Fayette as fol- 
lows : — The town of Newark, — And may her population^ 



356 THE TOUR OF 

prosperity and industry increase in the same wonderful pi <- 
portion I have been dehghted to witness." 

The hour of four having arrived, the General retire(' 
and proceeded to Elizabethtown, accompanied by the Go\ 
ernor and suite, a long cavalcade of officers and private geit 
tlemen, and preceded by an escort. 

The General arrived at Elizabethtown on Thursday a lit- 
tle past 5 o'clock, and was received with the utmost enthu- 
siasm. Two large triumphal arches with suitable ornaments 
and inscriptions, were erected at conspicuous places and 
proper distances across the principal street, through which 
the procession passed. On arriving at River's Hotel, the 
General was received in due form by the Corporation, and 
an appropriate address delivered by Caleb Halstead, jr. to 
which a brief but pertinent reply was returned. 

At 6 o'clock the party sat down to an excellent dinner giv- 
en by the Corporation. The room in which it was served 
was ornamented for the occasion, and no where has more 
good feeling been manifested than here. The Grand Lodge 
of New-Jersey had convened at Elizabethtown to pay the- 
honors of the fraternity to their distinguished brother, and 
he accepted an invitation to visit them in the course of the 
evening, which invitation was complied with. From thence, 
at 10 o'clock, he was escorted to the residence of General 
Dayton, where he lodged. On Friday morning he break- 
fasted with Governor Ogden, after which he was introduced 
to the principal citizens of the place, and several surviving 
soldiers of the revolution. 

At 10 o'clock, preparations for his departure having been, 
made, the General entered a superb barouche, prepared by 
the Corporation for his use, aad proceeded for Rahway, es- 
corted as before, and attended by a numerous cavalcade of 
citizens in carriages and on horseback. On his arrival at 
Rahway, he was greeted by the assembled population of the 
village, and aa address was presented by a committee, who 
invited him to parlake of a collation, which invitation was 
accepted. — A splendid arch was thrown across the street, 
imder which he passed. A committee from Woodbridge 
here met the General, with carriages for himself and suite, 
and at 12 o'clock the party moved off for that village, accom- 
panied by Governor Williamson and his staff, kc. and arrived 
at 1 o'clock, where they halted on the green, and the Gea 



GENERAL LA FAYKTTE. 35T 

ral alighted. Here was a company of revolutionary vete- 
ans, formed in line to receive him, with labels *' 76" on 
heir hats. Their wives, children, and grand-children, in 
egular progression continued the line, down which the Gen- 
raJ passed, giving and receiving the most affectionate saluta- 
ions. At the end of the line, and at right angles with it. 
tood nine interesting girls, with each a large letter formed 
•y flowers on their breasts, spelling the name La Fayette. 
The device was a happy one, and attracted the particular 
ttention of the General, who was highly gratified by it. A 
ery impressive address was delivered to him by Mr. Str}ker, 
s'hich received a suitable reply. Another collation wa^ 
ere spread for the company, which having been partaken, 
he General prpceeded for New-Brunswick at 2 o'clock, and 
rrived at 4. /rwo beautiful arches of evergreens and ilow- 
rs were fopmed here, through which the procession passed, 
nd was conducted to the City Hall, where he was received 
n due form by the Corporation, and an address delivered by 
)r. Taylor, the Recorder. After receiving the congratula- 
ons of the citizens who were introduced, he was conducted 
D Follett's Hotel, where a splendid dinner wa.-* provided, in 
spacious dining hall, which was beautifully ornamented 
t'ith wreaths, festoons, inscriptions, &,c. &c. While at 
his place, a committee from the citizens of Monmouth wait- 
d upon him with an address, inviting him to pay them a visit, 
^'his, however, he was not able to do, consistently with his 
ther engagements. Some conversation, however, took 
lace, respecting a celebration of the anniversary of the bat- 
le of Monmouth, on the 28th of June next, when it is hoped 
he General will make it convenient to attend. The Gen- 
ral passed the night at New -Brunswick, and departed at 7 
'clock the next morning, tor Princeton, escorted by a squad- 
on of cavalry under the command of Major Vandyke. 
At an early hour in the morning, strangers and the inhab- 
ants of the neighboring country flocked into Princeton, to 
atch a glimpse of the Hero ; all was life and animation. A lit- 
le past 10 it was announced that the General was coming. He 
assed through the town accompanied by a numerous escort 
f cavalry, until he arrived opposite the centre gate of the 
College Campus. — The gate was thrown open, and the com- 
any assembled formed, the ladies on the right and the gen 



358 ^ THE t OUR OF 

tlemen on the left, leaving an avenue for him to pass to a 
splendid temple erected in the centre of the Campus. Hav- 
ing entered the gate and proceeded half way to the temple, 
under the conduct of Captain Stockton, and J. S. Green, Esq. 
Marshals of the day, he was received by our committee, and 
addressed in an appropriate speech by Richard Stockton, 
Esq. in behalf of the citizens. This ceremony being gone 
through, he was led to a splendid temple. The front facing; 
the street was tastefully decorated, and in a conspicuous sit- 
uation over the entrance, in large letters, was placed the 
following motto : 

Literae virtutem celebrant : 

Salve 

Dux clarissime, 

nobis amicissime, 

nobis carissime, i 

La Fayette.* j 

The interior was carpeted, contained two sophas, and wa« 
decorated with the paintings of Washington and the battle of ;' 
Princeton, the battle of Yorktown, and the portraits of Drs. 
Witherspoone and Smith. The decorations, both of the 
temple and refectory, were the workmanship of the ladies, 
and did honor to their taste and skill. 

On entering the temple, the General was received by 
President Carnahan, and introduced to several gentlemen j 
present, when the President proceeded to deliver to him ai 
degree of L. L. D. which had been conferred on him during 
the presidency of Doctor Witherspoone, and is signed by the 
Doctor and several members of the Corporation at that time. 
The degree was accompanied by the following neat, elegant, 
and highly interesting address by Doctor Carnahan : 

*' General — Your arrival in the United States has been hail-i- 
ed with a joy as ardent as it is universal ; and permit me to 
say, we are happy to mingle our congratulations with those 
of our fellow-citizens in bidding the gallant soldier, the friend 
of Liberty and of Man, welcome to these shores — welcome 
to Nassau Hall. In common with others, we enjoy the rich 



* Translation — •* Letters celebrate heroism: Welconae most re- 
nowned General, most friendly to us, and most dear to our hearts.|i 
La Fayette.'" 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 3S0 

i>lessings of freedom and independence, which your gener- 
ous aid, atatime of gloom and trial, contributed, under God, 
n an eminent degree to establish. 

' Residing also on a spot renowned in the story of our glo- 
rious Revolution for one of the most brilliant exploits of our 
beloved and revered Washington, surrounded with objects 
that daily remind us of the arduous struggles of that eventful 
period, we cannot forget the generosity of that noble minded 
youth who came, like an angel from Heaven, to aid the op- 
pressed and to vindicate the rights of man. We stand on 
onsecrated ground. These classic groves, these venerable 
walls have witnessed other scenes than the peaceful contests 
of the Muses, and retired labours of virtuous youths, ambi- 
tious to ascend the hill of science. A mercenary and for- 
eign foe possessed these walls — a ruthless soldiery polluted 
these academic shades. But the wrongs of Nassau Hall were 
imply avenged. The sword of Washington, your compan- 
ion and friend, and the blood of the gallant Mercer redeemed 
this seat of science. 

• Fully restored to its original destiny by the peace that suc- 
ceeded the siege and surrender of Yorktown, (in which j^ou. 
Sir, bore a distinguished part,) this College has annually sent 
forth Alumni, who have held no secondary place in maintain- 
ing the freedom and independence of the nation, so ably 
achieved. 

Here young men from different States have acquired not 
only the elements of science, but what is of more importance 
in a government like ours, the love of liberty and the ven* 
eration of those brave men " who fought and bled in free- 
dom's cause." Here on each^ucceeding anniversary of our 
National Independence, our youth have vied with each oth- 
er in recounting the sufferings, the labours and the dangers 
that attended our Revolution — in celebrating the wisdom 
and magnanimity of our statesmen — the valour and heroism 
of our warriors. And permit me to assure you that on these 
occasions no name demanded and received a purer and more 
deserved tribute of praise, than that of La Fayette. Hence 
the love of liberty and of country that have ever distinguish- 
ed the sons of Nassau Hall. And if the memory of virtues so 
sublime, and services so useful, has cherished in our youths 
a devotion to the principles of 1776, how deep and how sal- 
utary must be the impression made by the cheering counte* 



360 THE TOUR OF 

nance and livingVoice of one who exhibited these virtues and 
performed these services ? Happy Youth ! who have the^j 
felicity to see the man whose property and whose blood were 
freely given to purchase their inheritance, returning after a 
lapse of nearly half a century to behold the glorious res'ilis 
of his youthful enterprise, and to receive the thanks of a na- 
tion. Yes, generous Youth ! Long will you remember this 
day, and the important lesson that it teaches. — You have be- 
fore you a model of magnanimity and successful enterprise, 
equal to any of which you read in Roman or Grecian story." 

To which the General made the following reply : 

*' Gentlemen — While the name of this city recalls impo.' 
tant military remembrance, it is also connected with that oi 
the illustrious college, which, in diffusing knowledge and lib- 1 
eral sentiments, has greatly contributed to tuin those sue- j 
cesses to the advantage of public liberty. Your library has] 
been destroyed ; but your principles were printed in th^ 
hearts of American patriots. I feel much 'obliged, Sir, t 
your kind recollection of the diploma, which the signature, 
of my respected friend Doctor Witherspoone, renders still ' 
more precious to me ; and I beg you, gentlemen, and you, ; 
interesting grand sons of my contemporary friends, to accept 
my affectionate acknowledgements." 

The General was surrounded by his Excellency the Gov- 
ernor of New- Jersey, the Professors of the College and Sem 
inary, the Reverend Doctor Green, &c. The General" 
son and secretary were also in the group. 

The company, (ladies, citizens, and students of college and 
seminary, and invited strangers,) having been introduced in 
turn to the General, repaired to the refectory, where m 
splendid entertainment was provided. After the repast, the 
General was conducted to the College Library, and thenc 
again to the temple, to view the picture of Washingtoi 
which decorated it. He said he thought it an excellent lik< 
ness of Washington when he first knew him. The Gener.. 
appeared highly pleased with his reception. From the tem- 
ple he was conducted to an elegant barouche, and left Prince- 
ton about half past 12 o'clock for Trenton. 

A lady of Princeton, a grand-daughter of Doctor Fronklin, 
presented La Fayette with an elegant breat-pin, inclosing a 
lock of the Doctor's hair. 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 36 J 

The Infantry and other mihtary, assembled at Trenton, 
consisting of Light Infantry and Cavalry, from the counties 
of Hunterdon, Somerset, Burhngton, and Gloucester, under 
the command of General Vliet, were paraded near the boun- 
dary line of the Corporation, to receive the General upon 
his arrival, and were there reviewed by him. After which 
a procession was formed, and he was conducted to the head 
of Warren street. This was announced by the firing o! 
cannon and the ringing of bells. 

The procession then moved down Warren-street, across 
the lower bridge, and down Bloomsbury street, until it came 
to Market street, up Market street to Mill Hill, over Mill 
Hill, and the Upper Bridge, into Greene street, up Greene 
street to Perry street, down Perry street to Warren street^ 
down Warren street to Second street, and up Second street 
until it came to the State House Yard ; the military then 
opened to the right and left, and General La Fayette and 
suite, preceded by the Committee of Arrangements, the 
Governor, and suite passed through. 

The Committee then opened to the right and left, and the 
General and Governor, and their suites, passed under the 
arch erected at the State House Gate, and was received by a 
choir of young ladies who greeted the General with an ode, 
composed for the occasion. 

The General was then escorted into the Assembly Room 
by the Governor, followed by the Committee of Arrange- 
ments, the General's suite, the Governor's suite, and other 
military officers. The General was received by the Mayor 
and Common Council, convened for the occasion, when a 
cordial address was delivered by the Mayor. To which the 
General returned a feeling and appropriate answer. 

The General was then conducted by the Mayor and^ Com- 
mon Council, attended by the Committee of Arrangements, 
and escorted by the ^military, to the Trenton House, where 
lodgings had been provided for him — and where a sumptuous 
dinner was served up — at which were the Governor and 
suite, Mayor and Common Council, and a large number of 
officers and citizens. 

In the evening the General attended a handsome enter- 
tainment, ordered by the Society of Cincinnati, at the City- 
Tavern, where he spent the evening with his brother 065- 
cers of the Revolutionary Army. 

31 



362 THE TOUR OF 

The day was uncommonly fine. An immense number oi 
spectators thronged the town from all parts of the adjaceni 
country. 

A spacious arch was thrown across the head of Warren 
street, and one near the intersection of Second street, hand- 
somely decorated with laurel, and ever-greens and flowers, 
appended in festoons. Over the front gate of the State- 
House Yard, where the General entered, the old arch was 
placed, which in 1789 was erected in honour of General 
Washington, by the citizens of Trenton, as he passed on to 
New York to take upon himself the office of President of 
the United States, Congress being then convened in that 
place. 

In the evening, the arches in Warren-street were hand 
somely illuminated. 

On Sunday morning he went to the Presbyterian Church, 
and in the afternoon visited Joseph Bonaparte, with whom 
he spent two hours. It was an interesting meeting — both 
were deeply affected, and warmly embraced each other. 
Returning to Trenton, the General dined with Colonel Cad- 
wallader, with Governor Williamson and suite, &;c. The 
Philadelphia Committee, and Secretary of State, &c. of 
Pennsylvania, and the aids of Governor Shultzp of Penn- 
sylvania, were introduced to him in the course of the eve- 
ning. 

On Monday, September 28th, the General crossed the 
Delaware at Morrisville, thirty miles from Philadelphia, 
where he was met by Governor Shultze and suite, under an 
escort of 250 cavalry. A vast concourse ol people were 
assembled to hail the Guest of the Nation, and bid him wel- 
come. The Governor received him upon his landing with 
^he following address : 

" General La Fayette — The citizens of Pennsylvania be- 
hold, with the most intense feeling and exalted regard, the 
illustrious friend and companion of Washington. 

'' With sentiments of the highest veneration and gratitude, 
we receive the early and great benefactor of the United 
States ; the enlightened statesman, philanthropist and pat- 
riot of both hemispheres. 

" The sincere and universal joy which your arrival has 
diffused over the nation, is no where more deeply or enthu- 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 363 

siastically felt, than in Pennsylvania ; whose fields and 
streams are rendered memorable by your achievements ; 
whose citizens were the followers of your standard, and the 
witnesses of your sacrifices and toils, in defence of Ameri- 
can liberty. The eventful scenes of your useful life are 
engraven on our hearts. A nation has rejoiced at your suc- 
cesses, and sympathized with your sorrows. 

**With ardent pleasure we have ever observed your 
strenuous exertions as the friend of man ; and whilst your 
great services, rendered in the cause of humanity, have 
commanded our admiration, the purity of your motives has 
insured the love and affection of Americans. 

" With the best feelings of the heart we now approach 
you, with the assurance that, if any thing could add to our 
happiness on this interesting occasion, it would be the hope 
of enjoying the distinguished honour of your permanent 
residence among us, and that a long and splendid life of use- 
fulne€smay be closed in this State, whose soil has been mois- 
tened with your blood, generously shed in the cause of vir- 
tue, liberty and independence." 

To which General La Fayette made the following reply : 

" Sir — On the happy moment, long and eagerly wished 
for, when I once more tread the soil of Pennsylvania, I find 
in her affectionate welcome, so kindly expressed by her first 
magistrate, a dear recollection of past favours, and a new 
source of delightful gratifications. The very names of this 
State and her Capitol, recall to the mind those philanthropic 
and liberal sentiments, which have marked every step of 
their progress. 

*' Pennsylvania has been the theatre of most important 
events ; a partaker in the arduous toils and meritorious sac- 
rifices, which insured the success of our glorious and fruit-- 
ful revolution. I particularly thank you, Sir, for your grati- 
fying mention of my personal obligation to the Pennsylvania 
line, nor will I ever forget, that on Pennsylvania ground, not 
far from this spot, I enjoyed, for the first time, the delight to 
find myself under American tents, and in the family of our 
beloved Commander in Chief. Now, Sir, Pennsylvania is 
in full possession, and reaps all the prosperities, and happy- 
consequences of that great national union, of those special 
in-stitutions, which, by offering in a self-governed people the 



TpE TOUR OF 

most perfect example of social order that ever existed, havt 
reduced to absurdity and ridicule the anti-popular argument- 
of pretended statesmen in other countries. In whatever 
manner J may be disposed of, by the duties and feelings it 
which you have been pleased to sympathize, I shall evei 
rank this day among the most fortunate in my life ; and whilf 
I beg your excellency personally to accept my cordial ac 
Icnowledgements, I have the honour to offer to him, as Gov 
ernor of the State, a tribute of profound gratitude, and re~ 
spected devotion, to the citizens of Pennsylvania." 

Having ascended his barouche and six, the General pro 
ceeded on his way ; and did not reach Frankford until sevei/ 
o'clock in the evening — such being the throngs which lined 
the roads, and the number of the welcomes oflered, and 
which he could not refuse. He passed ihe night at Frank- 
ford. 

At 9 o'clock on Tuesday morning, he left Frankford with 
a numerous escort of Dignitaries and citizens. The p'opn 
lation of the city poured forth at an early hour to meet him. 
Carriages, horsemen, and pedestrians, tilled every avenue 
from Frankford to Philadelphia, a distance of nearly live 
miles ; and the windows and stages were thronged witb 
females, all eager to welcome him. Loud and reiterated as 
were the acclamations, the voices could not give full utter 
ance to the overflowing hearts. 

In a field of forty or fifty acres, at the entrance of the city, 
a Division of Militia, composed of Calvary, Artillery, anr^ 
Infantry, were drawn up in hollow square to receive th* 
Patriot Hero, whose approach was announced by a salute oi 
one hundred rounds of artillery. This military spectacle is 
described as grand in the extreme. The General, uncover 
ed, was seen standing in his barouche by the whole field. 
Thecarof Saladin, it is said, could not exceed, in accompani- 
ments, that of La Fayette. The troops exceeded 5,400. 
After the review, which the General made on foot, he re- 
ceived the saluting honours in his barouche. 

The line of march into the city was then taken up. It 
extended nearly three miles, and passed through numerous 
streets. More than six hours were consumed in proceeding 
from Frankford to the State House, a distance of about four 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 365 

miles. A full description of this procession, and the decor- 
ated arches cannot be given — the following is an outline : 

A cavalcade of 100 citizens preceded ; followed by 100 
Field and Staff officers. — Then came a square of cavalry ; 
a band of Music, mounted, and a corps of 160 cavalry. — 
Next, a Brigade of Infantry (2000 strong,) with flank com- 
panies. 

Committee of Arrangements. 
General La Fayette and Judge Peters in the splendid ba- 
rouche. 

Then followed four other barouches, drawn by four hor- 
ses, with Governors Shultze and Williamson, and suites, the 
General's family, and distinguished individuals. 

Then three cars of large dimensions, containing 120 rev- 
olutionary heroes and worthies, each characteristically dec- 
orated. The cars bearing on the front, *' Washington," on 
the rear, •' La Fayette, and on the sides, " Defenders of orn^ 
Country," " The survivors of 1776." 

Then advanced 400 young men. Then the procession 
OF TRADES, led by a car, containing a body of Printers, at 
work at case and press — the latter striking off and distribu- 
ting copies of an Ode on the occasion, followed by the Typo- 
graphical Society, w^ith a banner, witih the inscription, '* La 
Fayette — the Friend of Universal Liberty, and the Rights of 
the Press.'' 

Then followed 200 Cordwainers, (with banners, badges, 
emblems, &c. The other trades were also decorated ;) — - 
300 Weavers ; — 130 Rope-makers ; — 150 Lads, uniformly 
dressed ; — 100 Ship-builders ; — 700 mechanics of different 
professions, not enumerated; — 150 Coopers, with a car, 
containing a Cooper's shop, the workmen fitting the staves 
and drivmg hoops : — Then came 150 Butchers, well mount- 
ed and neatly dressed in their frocks ; — then 260 Carmen, 
mounted, with aprons trimmed with blue ; and a body of 150 
Riflemen, in frocks, dressed with plaids, leopard skins, &c. 
A company of Artillery, with two pieces ; a Brigade of In- 
fantry, ( 1 800 strong,) and the New Jersey Cavalry. A body 
©f 3u0 farmers closed the procession. 

Besides the above, there were the Red Men of the State, 
the La Fayette Association, the True Republican Society, 
the Washington and La Fayette Society ; and the Gernaaa 
Americaa Society. 

31* 



Hm THE TOUR OF 

• 
The whole appearance of this truly Grand Proces- 
bion was, august and imposing. As it passed, La Fayette 1 La 
Fayette * sprang from the voices of a multitude that rolled 
on, and on, and on, like wave after wave of the ocean, in 
numbers we shall not presume to name, [but which were es- 
timated at 200,000,]-— La Fayette beat in every heart — La 
Fayette hung on every tongue — La Fayette glowed in every 
cheek — La Fayette glistened in every swimming eye— La 
Fayette swelled on every gale. The whole city and coun- 
try appeared to have arrayed themselves in all their glory , 
and beaut3s and strength, at once to witness and adorn the 
majesty of the spectacle ; and the fashionable part of the 
community seemed determined to exhibit the perfection of 
taste in the beauty of the decoration of their persons, and 
the richness of their attire. In Chesnut street, wreaths 
were cast into the barouche, as it passed, and many of them 
were from the fair hands of the Quakeresses. 

After the procession had passed through the principal 
streets, the front halted at the old State House, which con- 
tains the Hail in which the Declaration of Independence was 
signed in 1776. 

Here the General alighted, passed under a most magnifi- 
cent triumphal arch, and was conducted to the Hall, which is 
forty feet square, and was decorated in a most splendid man- 
ner. Among the decorations was a Statue of Washington, 
and Portraits of William Penn, Franklin, Robert Morris » 
Francis Hopkinson, Greene, Wayne, Montgomery, Hamilton, 
Gates, Rochambeau, Charles Carrol, M'Kean, Jefferson; 
Himcock, Adams, Madison, Monroe, and Charles Thompson. 
The portrait of Washington, by Peale, occupied the iirst 
place, and was most splendidl}^ decorated. Here were as- 
sembled the City authorities, the Society of Cincinnati, the 
Judges, Officers of the Army and Navy, and the Committee of 
Arrangements, all seated on superb sofas. The Governor 
of the State having been presented. General La Fayette, 
Judge Peters, and George Washington La Fayette were in- 
troduced, the company all standing. The Mayor of the 
city then welcomed the Guest, in the following address : 

" General — The citizens of Philadelphia welcome to their 
homes, the Patriot who has long been dear to their hearts. 

" Grateful at all times for the enjoyment of a free gov- 
"^rnment, they are, on this occasion, pecuharly anxious, but 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 367 

unable to express a deep felt sentiment of pure aftection to- 
wards those venerated men whose martial and civil virtues, 
under providence, have conferred upon themselves and their 
descendants, this mighty blessing. 

*' Forty-eight years ago, in this city, and in this hallowed 
Hall, which may emphatically be called the Birth Place of 
Independence^ a convention of men, such as the world has 
rarely seen, pre-eminent for talents and patriotism, solemnly 
declared their determination to assume for themselves the 
right of self government, and that they and their posterity 
s?hould thenceforth assert their just rank among the nations of 
the earth. A small, but cherished band of those who breast- 
ed the storm and sustained the principles thus promulgated 
to the world, still remains. — In the front rank of these wor- 
thies, history will find, and we now delight to honour. Gen- 
eral La Fayette, whose whole life has been devoted to the 
cause of freedom, and to the support of the unalienable 
rights of man. 

*' General — Many of your co-patriots have passed away, 
but the remembrance of their virtues, and their services 
shall never pass from the minds of this people ; their's is au 
imperishable fame, the property of ages yet to come. But 
we turn from the fond recollection of the illustrious dead, 
to hail with heart-felt joy the dlustrious living, and again bid 
welcome, most kindly and affectionately welcome, to the 
Guest of the Nation, the Patriot La Fayette." 

To which the General replied as follows : 

" Sir — My entrance through this fair and great city, amidst 
the most solemn and affecting recollections, and under all 
the circumstances of a welcome, which no expression could 
adequately acknowledge, has excited emotions in my heart, 
in which are mingled the feelings of nearly fifty years. 

" Here, Sir, within these sacred walls, by a council of 
wise and devoted patriots, and in a style worthy of the deed 
itself, was boldly declared the independence of these vast 
United States, which, while it anticipated the independence, 
and I hope, the republican independence of the whole Amer- 
ican Hemisphere, has begun for the civiHzed world, the era 
of a new and of the only true social order, founded on the 
unalienable rights of man, the practicability and advaatage 



3G8 THE TOUR OF 

• 
of which, are every day admirably demonstrated by the 
happiness and prosperity of your populous city. 

" Here, Sir, was planned the formation of our virtuous^ 
brave, revolutionary army, and the providential inspiration 
received, that gave the command of it to our beloved match- 
less Washington. But these and many other remembrances, 
are mingled with a deep regret for the numerous cotempo- 
raries, for the great and good men, whose loss we have re 
mained to mourn. — It is to their services. Sir, to your re 
gardfor their memory, to your knowledge of the friendships 
1 have enjoyed, that I refer the greater part of honours, here 
and elsewhere received, much superior to my individual 
merit. 

'• It is also under the auspices of their venerated names, 
as well as under the impulse of my own sentiments, that I 
beg you, Mr. Mayor, you gentlemen of bath Councils, and 
all the citizens of Philadelphia to accept the tribute of m\ 
afiectionate respect and profound gratitude." 

The arches were very numerous, and extremely beauti- 
ful, tasty, and ingenious — uniting high moral feeling, with 
ardent patriotism. Some idea may be formed of them, by 
the following description of the one in Chesnut-street : 

It was constructed of frame work, covered with canvass, 
and painted in perfect imitation of stone, after the plan of the 
triumphal Arch of Septimus Severus^ at Rome. Its front 45 
feet, depth 12, embracing a basement story of the Doric or 
der, from which the Arch sprung to the height of 24 feet 
from the pavement. 

The spandals on each front were decorated with figures of 
Fame, painted in basso relievo, having their arms extended 
and holding a civic crown over the key stone. The wings 
of the Ionic order, were decorated with statues of Liberty, 
Victory, Independence and Plenty, \\\\\\ suitable mottos. The 
whole surmounted by an entablature 30 feet, and supporting 
a flight of steps ; in the centre were the Arms of the city, 
executed by Mr. Sully ; on each side of the Arms were pla- 
ced statues of Wisdom diudi Justice, sculptured by Mr. RusHj 
with appropriate emblems. This splendid work of Art was 
designed by Mr. Strickland, and executed by Messrs. War- 
ren, Darley and Jefperson, scene painters. The super- 
ficial surface of painted canrass exceeded 3000 square feet 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. o6l^ 

The Governor of Louisiana and many strangers and citi- 
zens were introduced. Among others, the General recog- 
nized an old friend in Colonel Ferret, and embraced him. 
The Colonel burst into a flood of tears, and was so complete- 
ly overwhelmed with emotion, as to be compelled to retire. 
He commanded a regiment in the revolutionary war, wiw 
wounded and knocked off his horse. 

At five o'clock, the General left the Hall, accompanie(( 
by the City Authorities, resumed his barouche, and was es- 
corted by six companies, under Colonel Williams, to the 
Mansion-House. In the evening he paid visits to Mrs. Mor- 
ris, and several other distinguisiied Ladies of his former ac- 
quaintance. 

In the eveningthe City was illuminated. Numerous trans- 
parencies were exhibited, which displayed exquisite tasto 
and elegance. A slight shower of rain threw a damp over 
the buoyant spirits for a short time, but it was soon over. 
Windows were arrayed with beautiful marble and alabaster, 
and decorated with the fairest contents of the green houses. 
The United States Bank was a perfect anomaly in illumina- 
tion. The lights were so arranged as not to be seen, and 
the doors being thrown open so as to discover the interior, 
the whole building presented the appearance of a palace of 
transparent marble. 

On Wednesday the General held a levee at the Hall of the 
State House, and thousands shook his hand. At this levee he 
received no less than fourteen Addresses, from the aged 
Soldiers ; the Clergy, presented by Bishop White ; the 
Philosophical and Bible Societies ; the University ; tho 
Chamber of Commerce ; the Bar ; the Young Men ; tht 
French Citizens ; the Washington Grays ; the La Fayette^ 
Association ; the Revolutionary Officers, and the Young La- 
dies of several Schools. His answer to each was peculiarly 
pertinent. He afterwards dined with the corporation. The 
following was his toast on the occasion.: 

" The City of Philadelphia, where American Independ- 
ence was first proclaimed, and where the Holy Alliance ol 
public order with popular institutions is every day happily 
demonstrated." 

In the evening he visited General Cadwallader, and re- 
ceived all the oflicers of the late parade. 



oTO THE. TOUR OF 

On Thursday he dined with his family ; and in the evening 
called on Doctor Griffith ; was at Mr. Huerta's Concert ; 
and afterwards waited on Mrs. Powell. 

On Friday he dined with Governor Shultze ; and before 
dinner called on Judge Peters, and Mrs. (Major) Jackson. 
After dinner, he called on the widow and daughter of Colo- 
nel Tousard, then visited Mrs. Nicklin, the daughter of the 
late General M'Pherson. 

In the evening he visited the Philosophical Society, and 
spent the remainder at the house of Mrs. N. Biddle. 

On Saturday he visited the Navy Yard, attended by the 
Governor and citizens of the first distinction, escorted by the 
United States Marines, a regiment of Militia, several inde- 
pendent companies, and a long civic procession. His arri- 
val at the Yard was announced by a salute, from the John 
Adams, commanded by Captain Dallas. He first alighted at 
Major Gamble's quarters, where he received an addres* 
from the Corporation of Southwalk. As he passed the green 
a number of children chaunted suitable pieces of music in 
honor of the Hero. He was then received by Commodore 
Barron and his officers, was addressed by the former, and 
took a view of the ships of war, &c. A collation was provi- 
ded in the Mould room by the officers of the station, at which 
over 500 Ladies and 200 Gentlemen were present. After 
refreshment the Commodore introduced the Ladies sepa- 
rately to the General, who took each by the hand, receiving 
from them very agreeable tokens of affection and admiration. 
The John Adams was beautifully decorated and manned on 
the occasion. The reception of the General by Mrs. Gam- 
ble was universally praised. 

After returning from the Navy Yard, the General dined 
with upwards of 400 Brethren of the Fraternity, at the Ma- 
sonic Hall. The scene was briUiant and munificent. 

Of the Masons present were Brothers George Washington 
La Fayette, La Vasseur, Commodore Stewart, Major Gam- 
ble, General Porter, and Colonel Victor Dupont, of Dela- 
aware, former aid to Brother La Fayette. 

In the evening he paid a visit to Joseph Reed, Esq. atten- 
ded the Concert at the Washington Saloon, and spent the 
remainder of the evening at the house of General Cadwalla 
der, in company with Mr. Adams, Secretary of State, an(l 
pther distinguished citizens. 



GEiNERAL LA FAYETTE. .>7f 

On the Sabbath he attended divine worship at Christ 
Church, and heard a sermon from the venerable Bishop 
White. He afterwards dined at the country residence of 
Judge Peters, in company with Mr. John Qiiincy Adams. 
Mr. Forseth, Mr. Breck, General Cadwallader, General 
Barnard, Major Gamble, and many others. 

The Grand Civic Ball given in honor of General La Fay- 
ette, on Monday evening, at the New Theatre, exceeded in 
magnificence and beauty any thing of the kind ever wit- 
nessed. Between fifteen and seventeen hundred ladies and 
gentlemen were present, exhibiting an unrivalled galaxy of 
fashion, elegance, and splendor. The company assembled 
early, and were nearly all present at 9 o'clock, when the Gen- 
eral arrived, forming for his reception a most imposing group 
and avenue. The details of this brilliant entertainment it is 
not in our power to give. 

Of the company present were Mrs. (Robert) Morris, the 
Misses Bollman, daughters of Doctor Bollman, who attempt- 
ed with Colonel Huger to rescue La Fayette from Olmutz» 
Governor Shultze, Governor Williamson, John Quincy Ad- 
ams, Esq., General Barnard, and distinguished citizens from 
many of the States, the whole amounting to nearly 200. 
Several thousand persons were present. 

Over 2000 pupils of the Schools of both sexes, were ar- 
ranged on Tuesday morning in the State House yard to receive 
and address General La Fayette.-The spectacle was beautiful 
and interesting. 

General La Fayette continued in Philadelphia a week. 
The limits of this work will not admit of a detail of all the 
splendid scenes through which he passed, the numerous ad- 
dresses he received, the displays of festivity and hilarity 
which awaited him at his every step. The whole was splen- 
did beyond description, and cordial beyond expression. 

On the 6th of October, La Fayette left Philadelphia on his 
journey to the south, by the way of Wilmington, Baltimore 
and Washington. He passed the Brandywine, and entered 
Wilmington, the capital of Delaware, on the 6th about noon. 
He was received with demonstrations of lively gratitude and 
joy ; and a sumptuous repast was provided for him. He 
then proceeded to Newcastle in that State, and was present 
at the marriage of Col. V. Dupont, formerly one of his aids 
in France. From this place he proceeded to Frenchtown, 



372 THf; TOUR OF 

Agreeably to arrangement, the steam-boat United States.. 
captain Edward Trippe, left Baltimore for Frenchlown on 
Wednesday morning at 9 o'clock, with the committee from tlie 
corporation of that city, the military committee, and other 
gentlemen, who went with the committee by invitation. This 
deputation was accompanied by a most interesting member, 
Mr. Du Boismarten, a venerable Frenchman, whose head is 
whitened with 83 cold winters, many of them he had found 
not only cold, but cheerless and bleak. He is the personage 
who procured and commanded the vessel that first landed La 
Fayette upon our soil. At 3 o'clock the company partook oj 
an excellent dinner provided for the occasion. 

The boat arrived at Frenchtown about half past 4 in the 
afternoon. The Governor's Aids accompanied by an excellent 
squadron of Cavalry, under the command of Captain Jacob 
Hollingsworth, proceeded immediately to the I'elaware line, 
to escort the General to Frenchtown ; and there awaited the 
arrival of him who lives in the hearts of Americans. 

At about 8 o'clock in the evening, the Hon. John Quinc} 
Adams arrived at Frenchtown, in the Union Line, on his way 
to Washington. The Deputation waited upon him and in- 
formed him that he had been invited to be present at Balti- 
more to participate in the reception of General La Fayette, 
and desired him to come on board of the steam-boat United 
States. He thanked them kmdiy for this mark of respect 
and attention, and accepted the invitation. He was then con- 
ducted into the cabin and introduced to all present. 
.. The General, having been detained till very late at the 
nuptial party of his friend, Mr. Victor Dupont, did not arrive 
at the Maryland line till after 1 o'clock in the morning. He 
was there presented by Louis M'Lane, Esq. Chairman of the 
Delaware Committee, to the Aids of the Governor of Mary- 
land. The 1st aid announced to the General in very appro- 
priate and warm terms, in behalf of his Excellency Govern- 
or Stevens, a cordial welcome to the State of Maryland ; and 
informed him that they were ready to escort him to head 
quarters which were established at Fort M'Henry. The 
General was then seated in the carriage, drawn by four ele- 
gant greys, which had been provided him, and arrived at 
Frenchtown a little after 2 o'clock, to which place the Dela- 
ware Committee accompanied him. Mr. M'Lane there, on 
parting, made a most feeling and elegant address, and in be- 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 3^3 

half of himself and associates, took a most affectionate leave. 
The Aids of the Governor then conducted the General on 
board the steam -boat, where the Deputations received him 
upon the deck. Mr. Morris, President of the First Branch of 
the City Council, and Chairman of the Committee, advanced 
to the Guest and addressed him in a manner that evinced at 
once that he felt what he spoke from the bottom of his heart 
— it was as follows : 

*' General — The immortal Franklin, dwelling with rapture 
on the high destination which his matchless and prophetic 
mind foresaw awaited his country — ever alive for the success 
of its untried institutions, imagined the happiness of it would 
afford a patriot of the revolution who. had been. summoned 
from this world, could he, at a distant period, be allowed to 
return and see fulfilled all his fond hopes in relation to this 
our beloved country. 

' Illustrious Sir — That which appeared but the ofispring of 
the musings and reveries of our Patriot Father, has substan- 
tially been realized in you. The distinguished part which 
you acted during the war of our Independence, and the se- 
quel of your life, furnish abundant evidence of the intense 
interest which you have entertained for our welfare — your 
chivalric exertions, in our behalf, having been crowned with 
peace, you gave a distinguished proof that no sordid or self- 
ish motive impelled your actions. You returned to the land 
of your fathers ! — blessings on your name and work proclaim- 
ed from every tongue. Between that and the present time, 
s an aera in which has occurred the most extraordinary 
3vents recorded in history — when the empires of the Old 
IVorld have been convulsed to their foundations, and thrones 
lashed one against another. During the same period there 
las arisen in this our New World, a confederate Repblic, 
vhich had its origin with, and is acted upon and kept in mo- 
ion by the people, to whom this invaluable right belongs — a 
principle which the whole tenor of your consistent political 
ife has shown dear to you. Its fitfulness to conduce to our 
lappiness in peace, and protection in war, and every othej^ 
bject of legitimate government, has been confirmed by eve- 
y variety of event that could illustrate its wisdom and test 
ts durability. It has pleased Divine Providence to have 
pared and protracted your eventful life, that you might con- 
rast the origin with the present elevated station which thi? 

32 



374 THE,TOUR OF 

country has assumed among the nations of the earth ; and to 
realize the blessings enjoyed by ten milhons of people, "who, 
sitting under their own vine and fig-tree." with our coun- 
try's friend, and the Friend of Mankind! '\ 

"The Corporation of Baltimore, uniting with our common 
country, in the joy that swells every bosom, as the organ of 
public sentiment, have deputed us to advance, to receive and 
welcome you, and, as heralds, proclaim the lively and distin- 
guished pleasure our community holds in reserve, at the 
prospect of our city being again honoured by your presence, 
and to assure you, that would their sensations towards you 
bear any additional excitement, they would derive renewed 
strength from the gratifying manner, that you have recurred 
to an event in the revolutionary history, which affords an as- 
surance, they have maintained a place in your recollection. 
Although time has dmiinished the number of those who per- 
sonally knew you, and their survivors but a chosen few, who 
breasted the same storm, who mingled their blood with yours, 
in the same glorious strife. Nevertheless, there has arisen 
anew generation, who are restless and impatient to surv^ey 
the features of a man, whose talents, whose energies, whose 
virtues, whose disinterested serv^ices in the cause of liberty, 
have long since roused in their bosoms the raptures of en- 
thusiasm ; and who delight to repeat the never dying name 
of La Fayette." 

The General having but just left his Delaware friends 
and meeting so suddenly this reception, it affected him most 
sensibly — he pressed his hand to his heart and said / am 
grateful. He was then introduced by Mr. Morris to the gen-' 
tlemen of the Corporation — then to General Harper, who 
delivered a feeling address. 

General Smith and Colonel Bentalou stepped forward and 
announced to him the object of their mission, and the joy 
they felt in meeting him again. The General embraced theai 
in the warmest and most affectionate manner, and enquired 
particularly after his old friends and associates, " in times thai 
tried laenh sotds.'' — The meetinj^ of the General with the 
amiable, retiring, and venerable Mons. Du Boismartin, was 
of a most touching character to the sensitive mind — they helcl 
each other by the hand and conversed together in French 
for a considerable time. After the introductions were gon^ 
through, Captain Trippe announced tbr: he had an entertaim 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 376 

ment ready for the company. They all followed the Gener- 
al to the cabin, and a little ai'ter 3 o'clock the General re- 
paired to the ladies cabin, prepared for his lodging room, and 
invited Mr. Adams to accompany him. The company then 
retired to their births. During the night, particularly the 
early part of it, the rain poured down in torrents, in which 
tlie Cavalry and the Governor's Aids were drenched, but 
they heeded it not. 

Just as the steam-boat entered the Patapsco, the threaten- 
ing clouds dispersed, the morning sun shone forth in its 
brightest effulgence, and seemed to bid " Welcome to La Fay- 
ette.''^ During the night the company were apprehensive 
the day would be unpropitious to Baltimore, but as " the 
bright Sun shone out," their hearts leaped for joy. On ap- 
])roaching the fort, the steam-boats Mar3dand, Virginia, Phil 
adelphia, and Eagle, all beautifully dressed, with flags and 
streamers flying, came down the river, full of anxious citi- 
zens, to meet the United States, and passed transversely 
around her — as they passed, the people on board waved 
their hats, and gave the most hearty enlivening and oft re- 
peated cheering. The five boats, in regular order, the Uni- 
ted States leading the van, proceeded for the fort, during 
which, they came tilong-side, alternately, and the passengers 
saluted the General, which he received, uncovered, in the 
most cordial and delicate manner. The whole scene was 
most interesting — it was splendid — we cannot describe it. 
The imagination must take the place of the pen. 

The landing was a very interesting scene. The barge, 
commanded by Captain Gardner and manned by some of our 
most respectable ship masters, was the first that made for the 
shore — it contained General La Fayette, Mr. Secretary Ad- 
ams, General Smith, Mr. Du Boismartin, and Mr. Morris. 
In the second boat, George Washington La Fayette, Mons. 
La Vaiseur, Colonel Paul Bentalou, Mr. Patterson, and the 
Governor's Aids ; and the other members of the Deputation 
followed in succession. The General was received at the 
platform at Fort M'Henry, by Col. Hindman, of the Army of 
the U. States, and Edward G. Woodyear, Esq. a member of 
the committee of arrangement. The officers of the Army 
and Navy in Baltimore, the citizen volunteers of Fort 
M'Henry, during the bombardment, the Committee of Vigil- 
ance and Safetv of 1814. and the officers of the late 36th and 



US the; tour of 

38th United States regiments of Infantry, had their stations, 
and the General passed through their line on his inarch up 
to the " star fort." Upon entering the gate the troops of the 
garrison presented arms — then opened to the right and left, 
which brought to hi& view the tent of Washington. Upors 
which His Excellency, Governor Stevens advanced from the 
tent, and greeted him with the following address : 

" General — In bidding you a hearty welcome ta the State 
of Maryland, whilst I gratify the honest feelings of my own 
heart, I express, but feebly, those of the people, whom it i^ 
my pride and pleasure on this occasion to represent. 

*'jBeneath this venerable canopy, many a time and oft 
have you grasped the friendly hand of our illustrious Wash- 
ington, aided his council with your animating voice, or shar- 
ed vvith him the hardy soldier's meal. The incidents whicii 
the association so forcibly recals^ however inspiring, it were 
needless to dwell upon. The recollection of them fills the 
mind with gratitude, a full measure of which is justly due to 
you, as the generous comjxinion of oar fathers, ti^.e gallant 
and disinterested soldier of liberty. 

" May the sentiments of gratitude towards the author of 
the blessings we enjoy, never be weakened in the bosoms of 
my countrymen, 

" On this ver}' ground, scarce ten years are past since our 
brave fellow citizens, have proved that they knew how to 
defend the liberty, which you nobly assisted them to achieve. 
Ten times an hundred years shall elapse, and the gloriou? 
example shall not be lost upon them. 

*^ You are about, General, to enter the city of Baltimore, 
which you have known in other days. In her growth and 
embellishment, you will behold a symbol of our national 
prosperity, under popular Institutions, and a purely Repre- 
sentative Government. Her monuments aptly illustrate the. 
feelings of my fellow citizens. 

*' In the column which has been reared to the blessed 
memory of Washington, we have an evidence of the vener- 
ation and permanency with which they cherish the memor} 
of your compatriots, the heroes of the revolution. In the 
column of latter date, you will discern the gratitude of free- 
men, for the services of those who devote themselves to the 
cause of liberty. 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 3^7 

*' Welcome, thrice welcome, General, to the soil of Mary- 
land. Nothing that we can do, can too strongly express to 
you the affection and respect which we entertain for your 
person and your principles, or the joy with which we re- 
ceive you among us, as a long absent Father upon a visit to 
his children." 

The Governor then conducted him to the Tent, where he 
found the Society of the Cincinnati, the patriarchs of the rev- 
olution — here he was received and embraced by all of them 
— the scene was one of the most impressive and heart-touch- 
ing, that was ever witnessed — all were convulsed into tears, 
but they were tears of the most heart-felt joy and gratulation. 

Colonel John E. Howard, the hero of Cowpens, and 
President of the Cincinnati Society, when the first emotion 
had subsided, addressed the General in the name of the So- 
ciety, who in his reply, declared that "language could not 
express his feelings with meeting with his brothers in arms, 
in the Tent of their common friend, the beloved Washing- 
ton." He then most affectionately embraced his old friends, 
Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, one of the signers of the 
Declaration of Independence, General Beeson, General 
Strieker, Colonel Howard, and all the aged members of the 
association, while tears rolled down their venerable cheeks. 
He shook hands with the younger members in the most cor- 
dial manner, looked frequently with an enquiring eye round 
the Tent, and seemed deeply affected. On discovering part 
of Washington's camp equipage, he said in an under voice, 
" I remember 1" There was not a dry eye in the Tent. 

The General and invited guests then retired to an adjoin- 
ing Marquee, to an excellent breakfast prepared for the oc- 
casion, when many recollections of former days were 
brought forcibly to mind ; and when this repast •losed, the 
General was conducted to his barouche, accompanied as be- 
fore by all the civil and military authorities present. When 
he had tcJcen his seat, Charles Carroll, General Smith, and 
Colonel Howard, were handed into the same barouchf, 
which was followed by another containing George Washing- 
ton La Fayette, whose warm reception we should have 
noticed before. Colonel Bentalou and two other gentlemen, 
and other carriages followed. 

The General's barouche exceeds in beauty any thing of 
32* 



3T8 THE TOUR OF 

the kind in America ; it v/as built expressly for the purpose, 

by Curlet & Co. of this city. When the carriage drove 
from the outer gate of the fort, the General was received b\^ 
about one thousand cavalry, who formed his escort into the 
city, followed by thousands of citizens. 

On passing Federal Hill, a salute of twenty-four guns wa3 
tired, to denote the number of States composing the Union, 
on the return of the General to America. 

Descending Federal Hill, the procession passed under a 
beautiful arch at the head of Forest-street. The crowd of 
citizens hailing him here, was extremely great, and the in- 
crease continued every step till he reached the magnificent 
arch at the head of Market-street, where his friends de- 
scended from the barouche, and he alone proceeded down 
the line of military, which extended far into Old Town, and 
trom this fact it may be collected that ten thousand troops 
were present. The appearance of Market-street was splen- 
did and animating — every house top, every door was tilled 
with spectators ; and of the multitudes of female beauty and 
fashion that crowded all the windows, and every street it 
would be no easy task to give a description. 

The streets were also thronged, but the greatest order 
prevailed, and the Nation's Guest passed along the vast line, 
cheered by a hundred thousand voices, and by the waving 
of handkerchiefs and flags. Having passed through a splen- 
did arch at Market-street bridge, he proceeded to Fell's 
Point, and returning by Pratt and Gay-streets, he descended 
at the Exchange, and entering the great hall, was received 
by the Mayor and Councils. The Mayor delivered an ap- 
propriate address, to which the General made an affection- 
ate reply, and after the usual ceremonies, he returned to 
iiis barouche, and proceeded to Light street, across which, 
at the entrance into Market-street, an elegant pavilion had 
been erected, into which he was conducted, accompanied by 
a number of distinguished persons ; and here he received the 
passing salute of one of the finest assemblages of military 
men ever seen in any American city ; language would fail in 
describing the interest and splendour of this ceremony 
which occupied two hours. 

At 5 o'clock, the General sat down to a very splendid din- 
ner, in the largest room in the suite of his apartments, at 
which, the Mayor presided, supported by William Patterson 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 379 

and John B. Morris, Esq'rs. as Vice Presidents. The roow 
was elegantly illuminated, the glare of light thrown on the 
furniture and the numerous portraits of Revolutionary He- 
loes, produced the tinest effect — And the company was re- 
galed by the music of a band, next to none perhaps in this 
country. The Governor of Maryland and his aids — John 
Quincy Adams, Secretary of State, General Macomb, of the 
army of the United States, Colonel Howard, General Samu- 
el Smith, Mr. Curtis of Arlington, Generals Strieker, Stuart, 
Reed, Benson, Harper, Stansbury, M'Donald, and the Colo- 
nels commanding regiments from the country and in the city, 
ami a great number of others were present. 

The standard of the brave Count Pulaski, who fell at the 
assault upon Savannah, was proudly borne in the ranks of the 
corps of volunteers, fastened to one of the spears belonging 
to the Legion, entwined with Pulaski's sword and cross beU, 
now owned by Colonel Bentalou, as a pledge of affectionate 
remembrance, of his departed friend. 

In the evening the city illumination was splendid ; the Ex- 
change and the Banks exhibited a blaze of light. The Dis* 
pcnsary, Theatre, Museum, the Arches, the Pyrimids of fire 
near the Bridge on Market-street, and the brilliant revolving 
star, three feet in diameter, all had an imposing effect beyond 
the power of language to express. The whole scene was in- 
terspersed with transparencies, mottos and devices, all pecu- 
liarly appropriate to the occasion. 

At 12 o'clock on Friday, the General was addressed at the 
Exchange by Major General Harper, in behalf of the 3d di- 
vision, and the officers were all presented to him. The 
General next received the attentions of the citizens generaU 
ly, who shook him most cordially by the hand. 

About half past 7 the General arrived at the Masonic 
Hall, which was most splendidly illuminated, aud decorated 
for the occasion. The M. W. G. Master delivered a feeling 
and appropriate address ; to which the General returned a 
cordial and affectionate reply. More than 700 brethren 
were present, splendidly decorated in all the costume of the 
craft. 

From the Masonic Hall, the General repaired to the Ball 
Room, which for taste, elegance, and beauty, exceeded all 
the powers of description. This splendid Ball Room was 
BO hss than the theatre, specially fitted up for the occasioiK 



380 THE TOUR OF 



I 



The reception of the General was also sublime and imposing 
beyond the powers of conception, and his introduction to this 
splendid circle of ladies was a scene most truly interesting. 
This ceremony being closed, a signal was given by a flourish 
of bugles, and instantly the dance began. This also was a 
brilliant scene, which continued until half past seven, when 
supper was announced. General La Fayette led the way, 
escorted by the managers, and the supper room exhibited a 
scene as splendid and imposing as the Ball Room. The 
cheerful conviviality exhibited in the supper room, the ap- 
propriate toasts that were drank, and the cordial hilarity of 
the guests, when taken collectivel}^ may be considered a': 
the finishing touch to this magnificent fete at Baltimore. 

General La Fayette left Baltimore on Monday for Wash- 
ington, accompanied by the Mayor, the Committee of Ar- I 
rangements, the aids of the Governor, and an escort of cav- 
airy to Rossburg, where he lodged on Monday night, and 
breakfasted on Tuesday morning. After which be was ac- 
companied and escorted as before to the line of the District 
of Columbia, where he was met by a committee, introduced 
to a superb barouche, escorted by a military cortege, and a 
cavalcade, and received a national salute of artillery. Here 
a brilliant Procession was formed, which was preceded by a 
corps of cavalry, and brought up by a cavalcade of citizens, 
the whole extending over two miles ; while the entire way- 
sides were thronged with citizens, who made the air again 
resound with the shouts of welcome. He was thus conduct- 
ed to the Capitol square, and passed under a Civic Arch, ele- 
gantly decorated and enlivened with appropriate inscriptions. 
Under the Arch were 25 young Ladies (representing the 24 
States, and the District of Columbia,) dressed in white, with 
blue scarfs, and wreaths of roses, and each bearing a banner 
designating the State and District she represented. They 
had been escorted to the Arch by some Juvenile companies. 
As soon as the General arrived, Miss S. VV. Watterston, rep- 
resenting the District, and only eleven years old, advanced, 
and presented a very appropriate address. It is needless to 
express the feeling which the Guest manifested at the scene. 
He shook hands with each of the interesting group. After 
receiving the welcome of another group of young Ladies 
from Georgetown, he entered the Capitol, passed through 
the rotunda, and ^nterec' the Tent of Washington. Here 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 381 

le was met by the Mayor, and other Authorities, Officers, 
Clergy, kc. &c. To an address from the Mayor, full of line 
eeling, the General made the following reply : 

" The kind and flattering reception with which I am hon- 
)red by the citizens of Washington, excite the most lively 
eelings of gratitude ; those grateful feelings, Sir, at every 
step of my haj^py visit to the United States, could not but 
enhance the inexpressible delight I have enjoyed at the sight 
)f the immense and wonderful improvements, so far beyond 
:!ven the fondest anticipations of a warm American heart ;. 
md which, in the space of forty years, have so gloriously 
Bvinced the superiority of popular institutions and sclf-gov- 
Brnment, over the two imperfect state of political civiliza- 
.ion, found in every part of the other hemisphere. In this 
lugust place, which bears the most venerable of all ancient 
md modern names, I have, Sir, the pleasure to contemplate, 
lot only a cenlre of that constitutional Union so necessary to 
hese States, so important to the interests of mankind, but 
ilso a great political school where attentive observers from 
)ther parts of the world may be taught the practical science 
Df true social order. 

" Among the circumstances of my life to which you have 
been pleased to allude, none can afford me such dear recol 
ections as my having been early adopted as an American 
oldier, so there is not a circumstance of my reception in 
kvhich I take so much pride, as in sharing those honors with 
:Tiy beloved companions in arms. Happy f am to feel that 
he marks of affection and esteem bestowed on me, bear tes- 
imony to my perseverance in the American principles I re- 
eived under the tent of Washington, and of which I shall, to 
jiy last breath, prove myself a devoted disciple. 1 beg you, 
Mr. Mayor, and the gentlemen of the Corporation, to accept 
iDy respectful acknowledgements to you and to the citizens 
uf Washington." 

After the customary introductions, the General reviewetl 
the military, amounting to 1600, and received a grand salute. 
The General accompanied by the Mayor, and attended by 
General Brown, and Commodore Tingey, proceeded to the 
President's House. The streets were lined with spectators, 
uidthe windows filled with ladies, all repeating benedictions 



382 THC TOUR OF 

on the beloved Guest, and waving their handkerchiefs 
token of their happiness. _ 

On alighting, the General v/as received by the Marshal oi 
the District, and supported by General Brown and Commo- 
dore Tingey, of the Committee of Arrangements, and cod 
ducted to the Drawing Room, where the President advanced 
to him and gave him a cordial and affectionate reception 
The President had on his right hand the Secretary of State 
and Secretary of the Treasury, and on his left the Secretary 
of the Army and Secretary of the Navy ; while the Attorney 
General, General Jesup, Colonel Gibson, Colonel Towson 
Major Nourse, and Doctor Lovell, of the Army, Captains 
Rodgers, Chauncey, Porter, Jones and Morris, of the Nav) 
the Post-Master General, the Comptrollers, Auditors, and 
other high Officers of the Government, were arranged on 
each side of the room, to the number of 50 or 60. The in 
tervievv was impressive, and occasioned many grateful recol- 
lections. After an interchange of courtesies, and spending 
about 20 minutes in delightful converse, during which lib- 
eral refreshments were passed round, the General took his 
leave and rejoined his escort. He then passed in review the 
whole body of troops, and retired to his quarters at Gadsby'3 
Hotel. After some time spent in his private room, a great 
number of Officers, Citizens, kc. were introduced to him 

After the ceremony of the procession, &c. a public dinne 
was provided, at which the Mayor of Washington presided 
assisted by the Presidents of the boards of Aldermen and 
the Common Council ; and at which were present the heads 
of departments, revolutionary officers, military and naval 
officers of the United States, members of the City Council, 
and many distinguished characters from different parts of tlie 
nation. 

His reception by Mr. Monroe President of the United 
States, was most cordial and honorable. He called on th 
President, the day of his arrival in Washington, as before 
mentioned. The next day he was with Mr. Monroe both at 
breakfast and dinner, and on Thursday, the President gave a 
public dinner in honor of La Fayette, at which were present 
the Heads of Departments, many distinguished public char 
acters from various parts of the United States, and the prin- 
cipal officers of the army and navy. While in Washington 
he also visited the Secretaries of State, of the Treasury, and 



d! 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 383 

jf War, and Mrjor General Brown, of the United States 
irmy. 

General La Fayette rode orer to Georgetown on Thurs- 
day, having been earnestly invited by the Miiyor and corpo- 
ration to visit that city ; and the citizens demonstrated their 
gratitude and joy on the occasion, by a military escort, and a 
respectable procession. But the most acceptable offering 
was such as he had received in all other places, the sponta- 
neous and cordial salutations of the whole people. On Fri- 
day, he visited the navy yard, by invitation of the veteran 
Commodore Tingey. His reception here was remarkably 
brilliant and impressive ; he was accompanied by many dis- 
tinguished citizens and public functionaries ; and the atten- 
tions of the naval veteran were honorable to himself and 
highly gratifying to General La Fayette. He dined again on 
Friday with President Monroe ; and on Saturday proceeded 
on his proposed visit to Alexandria, and Yorktown. He was 
accompanied as far as the Potomac by the Mayor and commit- 
tee of arrangements from Washington, escorted by the George- 
town cavalry. On the south side of the river, he was re- 
ceived by the deputation of Alexandria, attended by many 
other citizens, and several officers of the army and navy of 
the United States. 

He entered the Ancient Dominion at Alexandria, at noon, 
on the 16th, every where accompanied, escorted, and wel- 
comed with the offerings of all hearts, hands, and voices. 
The parade of military exceeded 1500. In the procession 
was a car with " the tent of Washington. The procession 
passed through thronged streets, by crowded houses, under 
splendid arches, and amidst the roar of welcome, and shouts 
of transport. On the apex of a magnificent arch was perch- 
ed a live mountain Eagle, of extraordinary size, who spread 
his wings when the General passed, and seemed to unite in 
their welcome. On his way he was met by another of those 
interesting and affecting sights — a body of two hundred young 
boys and misses, who, while one of the latter chaunted a 
beautiful paean, strewed flowers in his path. He was here 
addressed by the Mayor, the Common Council, his brother 
Masons and others, ftalutes of artillery were fired at inter- 
vals. At the public dinner given to him, Mr. Secretary Ad- 
ams, Commodores Rodgers and Porter, General Macomb 
and other distinguished citizens, were ;q:iirsts. The toasts 



384 THE TOUR OF 

were good and the volunteers numerous. " Our distinguish 
ed Guest — the People's prisoner," was one of them. The 
General held a levee in the evening. The public buildings 
and many private houses were brilliantly illuminated. 

On the Sabbath General La Fayette proceeded to Mount 
Vernon, and visited the tomb of Washington, his revered 
Father and Friend. While here, he was presented, bv Mr. 
Custis, with a ring containing a portion of the hair of the 
Sainted Hero, together with the masonic sash and jewel for- 
merly belonging to the Great Mason, accompanied with the 
following address : 

" Last of the Generals of the army of Independence ! At 
this awful and impressive moment, when, forgetting the 
splendour of a triumph greater than Roman consul ever had, 
you bend with reverence over the remains of Washington, 
the child of Mount Vernon presents you with this token, 
containing the hair of him, whom while living you loved, 
and to whose honored grave you now pay the manly and 
affecting tribute of a patriots and a soldier's tear. 

" The ring has ever been an emblem of the union of 
hearts from the earliest ages of the world ; and this will 
unite the affections of all the Americans to the person and 
posterity of La Fayette, now and hereafter. And when your 
descendants of a distant day shall behold this valued relic, it 
will remind them of the heroic virtues of their illustrious 
sire, who received it, not in the palaces of princes, or amid 
the pomp and vanities of life, but at the laurelled grave of 
Washington. 

" Do you ask — Is this the Mausoleum befitting the ashes 
of a Marcus Aurelius, or the good Antonius ? I tell you, 
that <^he father of his country lies buried in the hearts of his 
countrymen ; and in those of the brave, the good, the free, 
of all ages and nations. Do you seek for the tablets which 
are to convey his fame to immortality ? They have long 
been written in the freedom and happmess of their country. 
These are the monumental trophies of Washington the great ; 
and will endure when the proudest works of art have '* dis- 
solved and left not a wreckbehind." 

" Venerable man ! Will you never tire in the cause of 
freedom and human happiness ? Is it not time that you should 
rest from your labours, and repose on the bosom of a coub- 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE.. 58c> 

iiy, which delights to love and honor you, and will teach her 
children's children to bless your name and memory ? Surely, 
where liberty dwells, there must be the country of La Faj- 
ette. 

*' Our fathers witnessed the dawn of your glory, partook 
of its meridian splendour ; and oh, let their children enjoy 
the benign radiance of your setting sun. And when it shall 
sink in the horizon ot nature, here^ here with pious duty, we 
will form your sepulchre ; and, united in death as in life, by 
the side of the great chief you will rest in peace, till the last 
trump awakes the slumbering world, and calls your virtues 
to their great reward. 

" The joyous shouts of millions of freemen hailed yoiu 
returning foot-print on our sands. The arms of millions 
are opened wide to take you to their grateful hearts ; and 
the prayers of millions ascend to the throne of the Eternal, 
that the choicest blessings of heaven may cheer the latest 
days of La Fayette." 

General La Fayette having received the ring, pressed ii 
to his bosom, and replied — 

*' The feelings, which at this awful moment oppress m} 
heart, do not leave the power of utterance. 1 can only thank 
you, my dear Custis, for your precious gift. I pay a silent 
homage to the tomb of the greatest and best of men, my pa- 
terral friend." 

On Monday, the General proceeded down the Potomac 
tor Yorktown, in the steam-boat Petersburgh, accompanied 
by two other steam-boats. 

The steam-boat Virginia left York the same day at 1 1 
o'clock, and proceeded down the river, followed by the steam- 
boat United States from Baltimore, and Virginia from Rich 
mond — at 12, at the mouth of the river, met the steam-boat 
Petersburgh, with General La Fayette on board, followed by 
the steam-boats Potomac and Richmond, the former from 
Alexandria, the latter from Norfolk. The General, accord- 
ing to previous arrangement, debarked from the Petersburgh, 
and came on board the Virginia, where he was met by the 
Committee of Arrangements ; the Virginia firing at the time 
a salute of 15 guns. After the General and his suite, who 
were accompanied by the Secretary of War, and several offi- 

33 



386 THE TOUR OF 

cers of distinction, both of the army and navy, had entered 
on board the Virginia, she returned to York followed by the 
steam-boats Petersburgh and Richmond on the larboard side, 
and the Potomac and the United States on the starboard : 
the Virginia following in the rear in the centre, thus forming, 
as it were, an elypsis, when they moved up in a very hand- 
gome style, the bands on board playing very appropriate 
airs, while the heights were thronged with troops and spec- 
tators, anxious to see, and pay their respects to the man 
whose career of hfe has never been equalled, and such a 
man will probably never exist again. — The feelings of all 
present were more or less excited when the General came 
on board the Virginia ; but when he was addressed by B. W. 
Leigh, Esq. in behalf of the State ; the manner in which the 
address was delivered, as well as the style in which it was 
written, together with the circumstances which gave rise to 
such an address on this spot, all manifested an appearance 
such as cannot be described. On the General's landing he 
was supported by Colonels Bassett, Harvie, Peyton and 
Tones, who introduced him to the Governor of the State : 
the latter received him with the following address : 

" General La Fayette — 

" Sir — On behalf of the people of Virginia, I tender to 
you a most cordial and hearty welcome to our State. 

" Jn you we recognize the early, the stedfast, the consis- 
tent friend. Whilst the United States in general owe you 
so large a debt of gratitude, for the liberal tender of your 
purse, your person, and your blood, in their behalf, the State 
of Virginia, is, if possible, still more deeply indebted to you. 
You were her defender in the hour of her greatest trial. 
At the early age of twenty-four years, with an army greatly 
inferior in numbers, and still more in equipments and disci- 
pline, you conducted your military movements with so much 
judgment, that the ablest officer of the British army could 
never obtain the slightest advantage over you ; and whilst 
that officer spent his time in harrassing our distressed State, 
you mancEuvred before him with the most unceasing caution 
and vigilance, with a steady eye, to that grand result, which 
brought the war to a crisis on the plains of York. 

" Forty-three years from that period, we have the happi- 
ness to find you in our country, the vast improvement of 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 38t 

which is the most conclusive evidence of the correctness of 
the principles for which you contended by tl^e side of Wash- 
ington. ' 

" I will conclude, sir, by the expression of a sentiment, 
which I believe to be strictly true ; — It is, that no man, at 
any time has ever received the effusions of a nation's feel- 
ings, which have come so directly from the heart." 

The General advanced, and grasping the Governor's hand, 
said, — " I am gratified Sir, most highly gratified, by the re- 
ception yon have given me on the part of the state of Vir- 
ginia. The happy conduct and the successful termination of 
the decisive campaign, in which you have the goodness to 
ascribe to me so large a part, were attributable much more 
to the constituted authorities and people of Virginia, than to 
the General who was honored with the chief military com- 
mand. I have the livehest recollection of all the scenes of 
my services in this State, and of all the men with whom it 
was my happiness and honor to serve — and happy as I was 
to assist and witness the accomplishment of American liberty 
and independence, I have been yet happier in the ?R?l!rfincr 
that the blessings which have flowed from that great event, 
have exceeded the fondest and most sanguine expectations." 

The procession formed, and the Nation's Guest," in an 
elegant barouche, drawn by four beautiful grey horses, mov- 
ed up into the town. The General dined with a select 
conipany of some 20 or 30, consisting of the revolutionary 
officers, &c. At night, some transparencies were exhibited 
over the door of his house, and under the Richmond mar- 
quee. 

On this day, Monday ICth, the reception was purely civic, 
not a soldier appeared under arms. But on the 19th the 
military spectacle was imposing and briHiant. Soon after 
breakfast. La Fayette walked from his quarters, to the tent 
of Washington surrounded by the Committee of Arrange- 
ments and others. Numbers were then introduced to him — 
many ladies, tht veteran soldiers of the revolution, citizens 
from other stsftes, and all quarters of Virginia. The clas- 
sic ground of Yorktown was converted into a camp ; and 
the harbor was filled with vessels, steam-boats, &c. In the 
midst of the camp the tent of Washington had a conspicu- 
ous situation, near the House where its illustrious owner bad 



J8« THE TOUR OF 

his Head Qjuarters in 1782. — To this the General repaired, 
and received the visits of the Ladies, strangers, &c. — after 
which he was introduced to Col. Wm. I. Lewis, of Camp 
bell, who delivered an address suitable to the occasion. 

Leaving this he passed under a splendid triumphal arch, 
erected on the spot where once stood the redoubt, which 
La Fayette stormed, and which bore the names of La Fay- 
ette, Hamilton, and Laurens. The other redoubt stormed 
by the French troops, bore an Obelisk, bearing the names of 
Viomenil, Dupont, Dumas, De Novilles, Rochambeau, and 
De Grasse. On every part of the battle ground were to be 
found balls, shells, and fragments of bombs, the interesting 
evidences of the ardor and peril with which the capture of 
York was characterized. — The General, in his splend,id ba- 
rouche, accompanied by the Governor of Virginia, Chief 
Justice Marshal, and Mr. Secretary Calhoun, proceeded to 
the arch, where he was received by General Taylor, and ad 
dressed as follows : . . 

■General — On behalf of my comrades, I bid you wel- ]\ 
come. They come to orreet yo'J, ^.vith no pageantry, intend 
ed to surpri&'e by its novelty, or dazzle by its splendour. 
But they bring you, General, an offering which wealth coul(' 
not purchase, nor power constrain. On this day, associate( 
with so many thrilUng recollections ; on this spot, consecra 
ted by successful valour, they come to offer you this willin- 
homage of their hearts. . || 

"Judge, General, of their feelings at this moment by your 
own. Every thing around them speaks alike to their sense 
and sensibilities. These plains, where the peaceful plough- , 
share has not yet effaced the traces of military operations ; 1|| 
these half decayed ramparts, this ruined village, in which th(< ^ ' 
bomb's havoc is still every where visible, tell us of past war 
iare : and remind us of that long, arduous and doubtful strug- i\ 
gle, on the issue of which depended the emancipation of our jll 
country. 

" On yonder hillock, the last scene of blood was closed 
by the surrender of an army ; and the libertV of our nation 
permanently secured. With what resistless eloquence doe^ 
it persuade our gratitude and admiration for the gallani 
heroes, to whose noble exertions we owe the countless ble? 
things which our free institutions have conferred upon us ? 

" The spot on which we stand, was once a redoubt occn 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 389 

pied by our enemy. With how rapid a pencil does imagina- 
tion present the blooming chieftain, by whom it was wrested 
from his grasp. Can we be here, and forget that superior to 
the prejudices which then enchained even noble minds, he 
perceived in the first and almost hopeless struggles of a dis- 
tant and obscure colony, the movement of that moral power, 
which was destined to give a new direction and character to 
political institutions, and to improve human happiness. Can 
we forget, that, deaf to the solicitations of power, of rank, 
and of pleasure, with a noble prodigality, he gave to our 
country his sword, his treasure, and the influence of bis 
example. 

" And when in the aged warrior who stands before us, we 
recognize that youthful chieftain, with what rapidity does 
memory retrace the incidents of his eventful life ? With 
what pleasure do we see his manhood realize the promise of 
his youth ? In senates or in camps, in the palaces of kings, 
or in their dungeons, we behold the same erect and manly 
spirit. At one time, tempering the licentiousness of popu- 
lar feeling ; at another restraining the extravagance of pow- 
er, and always regardless of every thing but the great object 
of his life, the moral and political improvement of mankind. 

" General — In the brightest days of antiquity, no artificial 
stimulus of rank, or power, or wealth, was required to excite 
noble minds to acts of generous daring. A wreath of laurel, 
or of oak, was at once the proof and the reward of illustrious 
merit. For this, statesmen meditated, warriors bled, and 
eloquence soared to its sublimest heights. The prize was 
invaluable ; for, it was won only by merit. It detracted, 
however, somewhat from its worth, that it was conferred by 
the partiality of compatriots, and in the fervor of admiration, 
inspired by recent success. 

•* Your life. General, illustrious throughout, in this also is 
distinguished. — Time, which dims the lustre of ordinary 
merit, has rendered yours more brilliant. After a lapse of 
nearly half a century, your triumph is decreed by the sons 
of those who witnessed your exploits. 

" Deign then. General, to accept the simple but expressive 
token of their gratitude and admiration. Suffer their leader 
to place upon your veteran brow, the only crown it would 
not disdain to wear, the blended emblems of civic worth and 
martial prowe^^jr. It will not paia you, General, to perceive 
?3* 



390 THE TOUR OF 

some scattered sprigs of melancholy cypress, intermingled ' 
with the blended leaves of laurel and oak. Your heart 
would tul-n from us with generous indignation, if on an occa- 
sion like this, amid the joyous acclamations which greet you 
every where, were heard no sighs of grateful recollection 
for those gallant men who shared your battles, but do not, 
cannot, share your triumph. The wreath which our grati- 
tude has woven, to testify our love for you, will lose noth- 
ing of its fragrance, or its verdure, though time hangupon its 
leaves some tears of pious recollection of the friend of your 
snarly youth : in war the avenger, in peace, the father of hi& 
country. 

"'In behalf then, of all the chivalry of Virginia ; on thii? 
redoubt, which his valour wrested from the enemy at the 
point of the bayonet ; 1 place on the head of Major Gen 
oral La Fayette this wreath of double triumph : — won by 
numerous and illustrious acts of martial prowess, and by v. 
life devoted to the happiness of the human race. In their i 
names, I proclaim him alike victorious in arms and acts of l! 
civil polit}'. In bannered fields, a hero — in civil life, the 
benefactor of mankind." 

La Fayette was deeply affected. There was a solemi 
earnestness in his manners, a touchmg sensibility in hi- 
whole xountenance, which most deeply impressed every ob 
server. Many wept — all were moved. When General 
Taylor had closed his address, he was about to tix the civir 
wreath upon the General's head. But the considerate vet 
eran, always himself, always attentive to the slightest propri 
e,ties of word and action, caught the hovering wreath as i 
approached his brow with his right hand, and respectful]; 
bowing, dropt it to his side, when he thus replied : 

" I most cordially thank you, my dear general, and your 
companions in arms, for your affectionate welcome, your kind 
recollections, and the flattering expressions of your friend- 
.ship. Happy I am to receive them on these already ancient 
lines, where the united arms of America and France have 
been gloriously engaged in a holy alHance, to support the 
tights of American Independence, and the sacred principle 
of the sovereignty of the people. Happy also to be so wel- 
comed on the particular spot where my dear Light Infcmtr 
comrades acquired one of their honourable claims to pub'. 



GENEKAL LA FAYETTE. 391 

love and esteem. You know. Sir, that in this business oi" 
storming redoubts, 'with unloaded arms and fixed bayonets, 
the merit of the deed is in the soldiers who execute it ; and 
to each ot'them, I am anxious to acknowledge their equal 
share of honour. Let me, however, with affection and grat- 
itude, pay a special tribute to the gallant name of Hamilton, 
who commanded the attack, to the three field officers who 
seconded him, Gimat, Laurens and Fish, the only surviving 
one, my friend now near me. In their name, my dear Gen- 
eral, in the name of the Light Infantry, those we have lost, 
as well as those who survive, and only in common with them, 
I accept the crown withwhichyou are pleased to honour us, 
and I offer you the return of the most grateful acknowledge- 
ments." 

The General was not apprized of the address or the 
offering of the wreath ; but with his never-ceasing readiness 
he turned round, and drawing Colonel Fish to the front, said, 
•' Herejiolfof this wreath belongs to you.'''' " No, Sir," re- 
plied the Colonel " it is all your own." " Then," rejoined 
La Fayette, putting it into the Colonel's hand, " take it, and 
preserve it as our common propertij .''^ The whole scene was 
strongly marked with the moral sublime. 

After this ceremony, the line passed and paid the Guest 
military honours ; and the General then resumed his ba- 
rouche, and the military, in line of march, took up the es- 
cort. On a platform and gallery erected on the field, were 
"seated nearly 1200 ladies, and by their presence, gave addi- 
tional delight and splendour to the scene. — The General's 
attention was early arrested by this fair assemblage, and re- 
(juestingthe escort to halt, he directed the barouche to leave 
the line and drive up to the platform, where, stopping at in- 
tervals, he expressed the gratification and pleasure thes«i 
marks of attention were peculiarly calculated to afford. He 
resumed his place in the line, amidst the cheerings of the 
citizens and strangers, and the waving of handkerchiefs, 
and the procession then escorted him to his quarters in the 
town. 

The dinner which followed was sumptuous, and the toasts 
were excellent. In the evening there was a splendid display 
of fire-works. 
On Wednesday, the 20th., the General partook of a mihtary 



:392 THE* TOUR OF 

breakfast in the tent of Washington^ where ail the officers:^ 
ami soldiers in the field, were introduced. The most inter- 
esting of these interviews were with the soldiers of the rev- 
olution. One of them advanced, seized the General by the 
hand, exclaiming, " I was with you at Yorktown. I enter- 
ed yonder redoubt at your side. I too was at the side of the 
gallant De Kalb, your associate in arms, when he fell in the 
field." The tears streamed from the veteran's eyes ; and 
La Fayette showed by his countenance the sympathy he felt, 
•' Yes, my brave soldier, I am happy to have lived, to meet 
you once more." 

After a short time, La Fayette, respecting that inestimable 
spirit of equality which pervades all free institutions, went 
forth to salute the crowd of citizens who stood in the street. 
He was stationed at the gate, and the long line of gratified 
spectators passed by him. Each person seized his hand as 
he passed him. To all La Fayette extended some mark of 
kindness and consideration. The spectacle was deeply im- 
pressive. The variety of manners in the different specta- 
tors, was singularly strikmg. Some, as they approached, 
fixed their eyes on his face, and lingered after they had pas- 
sed, as if to drink in the last expression of its countenance. 
Others advanced with the deepest feelings of awe, *vith their 
eyes cast upon the earth. 

. General La Fayette, after the sublime scenes of Yorktown 
were closed, visited Williamsburg, Norfolk, Petersburg, and 
Richmond, by special invitations, where he was received 
with all that magnificent parade, and those splendid decora- 
tions, as well as civic feasts that have marked the whole pro- 
gress of his tour, from his first landing upon the shores ot 
America. The limits of this work will not admit of a par- 
ticular detail. Suffice it to say that the offerings of Ameri- 
can hearts in this glorious cause, are every where the same, 
whether expressed by addresses, triumphal arches, military 
parades, civic feasts, splendid balls, and illuminations, the 
smiles of the fair sex, or the sympathetic tear of the old 
heroes of the revolution. All these, and much more that 
cannot be expressed, were displayed to their full extent m 
Virginia. 

General La Fayette left Richmond on Tuesday, Novem- 
ber 2d, on a visit to his illustrious friend Mr. Jefferson, 
agreeable to invitation, and arrired at Monticello on Thurs- 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 3dJ 

uay, November 4th, where he was received by Mr. Jeffer 
son in a most feeling and affectionate manner. They flew 
I into the arms of each other, by a most cordial impulse, and 
remained locked in a silent embrace for several minutes, be- 
fore their feelings could find utterance. Language cannot, 
express the affectionate salutations that followed. Mr. Jef 
ferson presented his friend to his family and friends, who all 
gave him a cordial and affectionate welcome. The wholf 
scene was peculiarly interesting and touching. 

General La Fayette passed a wefek at Monticello, to enjo\ 
the repose of that beautiful seat, under the courteous hos{)i- 
tality of his beloved friend, which also afforded him some 
leisure to reply to his numerous correspondents.* 

The General closed his most agreeable visit at Mon- 
ticello ; took leave of that classic ground, and his ever dear 
and venerable friend, and departed for Montpelier, agreeable 
to his engagements, to meet the welcome congratulations of 
his much esteemed friend, Mr. Madison. Here he was also 
receive:! 7.'ith 0'^?n arms, and made welcome to the bosom of 
a family, whose every heart cheered niiT. ^vith a most cordi^', 
reception. His visit at Montpelier, as at Monticello, was 
peculiarly interesting and gratifying, but his stay was neces- 
sarily short, on account of his engagements to be at Wash- 
ington. He tore L-lmself away from this happy family, and 
again commenced his journey for the seat of government, 
where he arrived on Tuesday, the 23d of November, 
andtvas received with the highest testimonials of affectionate 
respect. He dined with the President on the same day, in 
company with the principal officers of the government and 
city. On Wednesday, he set out for Baltimore, accompani- 
ed by his Son and Secretary, the Hon. James Barbour of 
Virginia, and other gentlemen of the first respectability'. 
He was received at Baltimore with unabated cordiality ; at- 
tended the gre;it Cattle Show, kc. and was complimented 
with the delivery of the premiums. In the evening he 
attended the theatre, and returned the next day to Washing- 
ton. 

Upon the return of General La Fayette to Washington, 
both Houses of Congress, upon the report of committees. 



It is said that his unanswered letters exceeded 400. 



394 THE TOUR OF 

specially appointed to recommend a suitable manner oi 
receiving General La Fayette, resolved as follows : 

*' In Senate Resolved, That the President of the Senate in- 
vite General La Fayette to take a seat in the Senate Cham- 
ber, agreeable to his wishes ; that the committee deliver 
the invitation to the General, and introduce him into the 
Senate Chamber, and that the members receive him stand- 
ing." 

Upon the report of a special Committee, the House pas- 
sed the following resolution : 

" Resolved, That General La Fayette be invited by the 
Committee to attend the House on Friday next, at 1 o'clock ; 
and that he be introduced by the Committee, and received 
by the Members standing, and addressed by the Speaker in 
behalf of the House. 

" Committee of invitation to consist of 24 members, a rep- 
resentation of each State." 

On Thursday, December Qth, at 1 o'clock. General La 
Fayette entered the Chamber of the Senate, accompanied 
by a Committee of that body. On entering the bar, Mr. 
Barbour, Chairman of the Committee, announced the pres- 
ence of the General in the following words : " We intro- 
duce General La Fayette to the Senate of the Uniterl 
States ;" whereupon the President of the Senate and the 
Senators, rose from their seats, and the General advancing to- 
wards the Chair of the Senate, was invited by the President 
to take a seat prepared for him on the right of the CHair. 

Soon after the General was seated, Mr. Barbour moved 
that the Senate adjourn. 

Mr. Llo}'d of Massachusetts concurred in the wish for 
the Senate to adjourn, to afford the Members an opportunity 
ol paying their individual respects to General La Fayette. 

The Senate then adjourned, and the Senators individual!}- , 
beginning with the President of the Senate, tendered him 
their respects, which were cordially and feelingly recipro- 
cated. 

On Friday, December 10th, the House Resolved, " That 
a messenger be sent to the Senate of the United States, re- 
questing that body to attend in the Chamber of Represen- 
tatives, this day, at 1 o'clock ; seats were ordered for the 
Senate, and that body shortly after entered, and took their 
s-eats accordinfflv. 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 395 

At 1 o'clock, according to previous arrangement. Gen- 
oral La Fayette appeared, attended by the committee of 24 
members of the House of Representatives, and was intro- 
duced to the House by Mr. Mitchell, Chairman of the Com- 
mittee. 

On the General's entry, the members and persons admit- 
ted on the iloor of the House, rose, and remained standing, 
uncovered. 

Mr. Speaker then rose, and, in behalf of the House, ad- 
Iressed the Nation's Guest, in the following eloquent strain, 
adorned by those graces of oratory, for which he is distin- 
;uished : 

" General — The House of Representatives of the United 
States, impelled alike by its own feelings, and by those of 
the whole American people, could not have assigned to me 
a more gratifying duty, than that of being its organ to pre- 
sent to you cordial congratulations upon the occasion of your 
recent arrival in the United States, in compliance with the 
wishes of Congress, and to assure you of the very high satis- 
faction which your presence affords on this earl}'^ theatre of 
your glory and renown. Although but few of the members 
who compose this body, shared with you in the war of the 
Revolution, all have a knowledge, from impartial history, or 
from faithful tradition, of the perils, the sufferings, and the 
sacrifices, which you voluntarily encountered, and the signal 
services in America and in Europe, which you performed 
for an infant, a distant, antd an alien people ; and all feel and 
own the very great extent of the obligations under which 
you have placed our country. But the relations in which 
you have ever stood to the United States, interesting and 
important as they have been, do not constitute the only mo- 
tive of the respect and admiration which this House enter- 
tains for you. Your consistency of character, your uniform 
devotion to regulated liberty, in all the vicissitudes of a long 
md arduous life, also commands its highest admiration. Dur- 
ing all the recent convulsions of Europe, amidst, as after the 
dispersion of, every political storm, the people of the United 
States have ever beheld you true to your old principles, firm 
and erect, cheering and animating, with your well known 
voice, the votaries of liberty, its faithful and fearless cham- 
pion, ready to shed the last drop of that blood, which, here 
you so freely and nobly spilt in the same holy cause. 



S96 THE TOUR OF 

" The vain wish has been sometimes indulged, that Provi- 
dence would allow the Patriot, after death, to return to his 
country, and to contemplate the intermediate changes which 
had taken place — to view the forests felled, the cities built, 
the mountains levelled, the canals cut, the highways con- 
structed, the progress of the arts, the advancement of learn- 
ing, and the increase of population. General, your present 
visit to the United States is the realization of the consoling 
object of that wish. You are in the midst of posterity ! Ev- 
ery where you must have been struck with the great chan- 
ges, physical and moral, which have occurred since you left 
us. Even this very city, bearing a venerated name, alike 
endeared to you and to us, has since emerged from the for- 
est which then covered its site. In one respect, you behold 
us unaltered, and that is in this sentiment of continued devo- 
tion to liberty, and of ardent affection and profound gratitude 
to your ({eparted friend, the father of his country, and to 
your illustrious associates, in the field and in the Cabinet, 
for the multiplied blessings which surround us, and for the 
very privilege of addressing you, which I now exercise. 
This sentiment, now fondly cherished by more than ten mil- 
lions of people, will be transmitted, with unabated vigor, 
down the tide of time, through the countless miUions who are 
destined to inhabit this continent, to the latest posterity." 

To which address, General La Fayette replied, in a tone 
in which energy of character and sensibility of feeling were 
most interestingly blended, to the following eifect : 

^^ Mr. Speaker, and 

Gentlemen of the House of Representatives : 

" While the people of the United States, and their honor- 
able Representatives in Congress have deigned to make 
choice of me, one of the American veterans, to signify in his 
person, their esteem for our joint services and their attach- 
ment to the principles for which we have had the honour to 
fight and bleed, I am proud and happy to share those extra- 
ordinary favours with my dear revolutionary companions — 
yet, it would be, on my part, uncandid and ungrateful not to 
acknowledge my personal share in those testimonies of kind- 
ness, as they excite in my breast emotions which no adequate- 
words could express. 

" My obligations to the United States, Sir, far exceed any 
merit f might claim. They date from the time when I had 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 397 

the happiness to be adopted as a youn»2 soldier, a favoured 
son of America.— They have been continued to me during 
almost half a century of constant affection and confidence, 
and now, sir, thanks to your most gratifying invitation, I find 
myself greeted by a series of welcomes, one hour of which 
would more than compensate for the public exertions and 
ufferings of a whole life. 

" The approbation of the American people and their Rep- 
resentatives, for my conduct during the vicissitudes of the 
European Revolution, is the highest reward I could receive. 
Well may I stand, " firm and erect," when, in their names, 
and by you, Mr. Speaker, I am declared to have, in every 
instance, been faithful to those American principles of lib- 
erty, equality, and true social order, the devotion id which, 
us it has been from my earliest youth, so shall it continue 
to be to my latest breath. 

*' You have been pleased, Mr. Speaker, to allude to the 
peculiar felicity of my situation, when, after so long an ab- 
sence, I am called to witness the immense improvements, the 
admirable communications, the prodigious creations of which 
we find an example in this city, whose name itself is a ven- 
erated palladium ; in a word, all the grandeur and prosper- 
ity of these happy United States, which, at the same time 
they nobly secure the complete assertion of American In- 
dependence, reflect on every part of the world the light of 
a far superior pontical civilization. 

" What better pledge can be given of a persevering na- 
tional love of Hberty, when those blessings are evidently the 
result of a virtuous resistance to oppression, and the institu- 
tions founded on the rights of man and the Republican prin- 
ciple of self-government. No, Mr. Speaker, posterity has 
not begun for me — since in the sons of my companions and 
friends, I find the same public feelings, and permit me to add, 
the same feelings in my behalf, which 1 have had the happi- 
ness to experience in their fathers. 

•' Sir, I have been allowed, forty years ago, before a 
Committee of a Congress of thirteen States, to express the 
fond wishes of an American heart. — On this day I have the 
honor, and enjoy the delight, to congratulate the Represen- 
tatives of the Union, so vastly enlarged, on the realization of 
34 



398 THE TOUR OF 

those wishes, even beyond every human expectation, and 
upon the almost infinite prospects we can with certainty an- 
ticipate. 

" Permit me, Mr. Speaker, and gentlemen of the House 
of Representatives, to join, to the expression of those senti- 
ments, a tribute of my lively gratitude, affectionate devotion, 
and profound respect." 

After the General and the Members had resumed their 
seats, and a short pause ensued, Mr. Mitchell, the organ 
of the Committee of reception, moved an adjournment. 

The motion was agreed to, and the House was adjourned 
to Monday. 

The Speaker then descended from the Chair, and most 
affectionately saluted the General. His example was follow- 
ed by the Members of the House, individually, and some 
time was spent in this agreeable manner before the General 
retired. 

The sublime and touching realities of this whole scene 
surpass the powers of imagination ; every eye, every ear 
and every heart were wholly engrossed by the magnitude of 
the object before them. Nothing is to be found in the whole 
field of Grecian or Roman story, as a parallel to this. Of all 
the proud triumphs through which the veteran hero has 
passed since he first landed upon the shores of America, this 
was not only the most glorious, but must have been the 
most interesting to his feelings. 

The scene in the Senate was not less interesting and im- 
posing than that of the House ; and it is well understood, that 
General La Fayette is the only public character that has 
ever been received by the Senate of the United States. 
This virgin honor was reserved for the man who was truly 
the most deserving. 

On Monday, December 20th, Mr. Hayne, from the com- 
mittee to whom was referred the subject of making provision 
for General La Fayette, reported to the Senate a bill, provi- 
ding, that the sum of 200,000 dollars be granted to Major 
General La Fayette ; also, one complete and entire town- 
ship of land, to be located upon any of the public lands that 
remain unsold. 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 399 ^ 

On Tuesday, December 21st, this bill passed the Senate, 
-and on Wednesday, December 22d, the bill passed the 
House of Representatives. 

Some slight objections were made to the bill while under 
discussion in Congress, which were remarks by way of 
inquiry for information, rather than serious opposition, which 
led one of the members, in a conversation with General La 
Fayette, to offer a delicate apology ; but the General with 
great naivete interrupted him, by adding — " / too Sir am of 
the opposition. The gift is so munificent, so far exceeding 
the services of the individual, that had I been a member of 
Congress, I must have voted against it." 



CHAPTZSR ZV< 

A SUMMARY OF THE SOUTHERN AND WESTERN TOUR OP 
GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 

General La Fayette Commenced his tour from Washing- 
ton, through the southern and western states, about the first 
of March. In his course he visited the principal towns in 
the states of North and South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, 
Louisiania, Mississippi, Tennessee, Missouri, Kentucky,* Illi- 
nois, Indiana and Ohio. He visited Pittsburg, and returned 
to Albany, by the way of Buffalo and the western canal. 
From Albany he proceeded directly to Boston, through 
Springfield j where he arrived on the 16th of June. 



* Extract of a letter from General La Fayette to a gentleman of 
Philadelphia, dated 

^^_ . . , ^ Louisville, May 12. 

"In the night of the 8(h and 9th inst. we ran foul of a snag, which 
lay concealed two feet under water, and so well infiladed our steam- 
boat, that it pierced through our upper deck, and sunk the boat in a 
few minutes. We had time, however, to come out of the ladies' 
cabir;, before the water had penetrated through the partition, and all 
landed safely without any life being lost. The Paragon, which was 
descending the river in the morning,-was good enough to take us on 
Doard and bring us to this place. This accident is not imputable to 



400 THP TOUR OF 

The author regrets extremejy that the limits of this woii. 
will not permit him to give a particular description of th*; 
interesting scenes that awaited the General throughout this 
whole tour. It must however, be remembered, that descrip- , 
tions of scenes the most interesting, of feelings the most 
sublime and touching, and of characters the most exalted/ 
loose their intended effect, by being too minutely dwelt up- 
on, pr too often repeated, and become irksome and tedious, j 
A general sameness necessarily prevails throughout the 1 
whole ; as in the Atlantic so in the western tour of General ' 
La Fayette, all classes of citizens vied with each other in 
expressing the grateful emotions of their hearts to the guest 
of the nation, the veteran hero, and the patriot benefactor 
of America. 

The orators of the country, the surviving heroes of the 
revolution, the patriots and sages, the fair daughters of Co- 
lumbia, with their numerous offspring, and the whole mass ; 
of citizens, all with one acclaim welcomed the man whom 
their united hearts delight to honor. The same mihtary 
parades, civic feasts, cordial and affectionate addresses, tri- 
umphal arches, splendid balls, and soldiers tears, that shewed 
the joys of kindred souls, greeted the arrival of La Fayeti 
in every place he visited, throughout this extensive roul* 
from Washington to Charleston, to New Orleans, to St. j 



any ooe ; the conduct of the captain of the Mechanic was such as to 
entitle him to the thanks which you will see in the St. Louis Gazette. 

*' You will find in another part of that news-paper, an error, which 
I wish much to be corrected. It is, that I have only lost ray carriage 
and my hat ; the latter was most obligingly replaced by a naanufac- 
turer of Louisville. But amongst the lost trunks is that which con- 
tained all the papers which I had preserved during my journey — aU- 
my letters to be answered — and a great number of answers which i 
had prepared during twelve days navigation. This loss throws all my 
correspondence into confusion — I have not saved a single memoran- 
dum — and as to every thing anterior to the shipwreck, I must rely on 
the indulgence of my friends [One of the trunks has since been found 
and is on the way to its owner.] 

<' i eypect to be on the 28th or 29th of this month at Pittsburgh, 
and arrive at Boston on the 16th o: June, by the way of Albany. I 
hope to be at New York on the 4lh of July, thence go to Washington, 
taking Philadelphia in my way, to take leave of several respected 
friends, and embark for France oa the 15tb of August.'* 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 401 

Louis, to Cincinnati, to Pittsburg, to Buffalo, to Albany, and 
to Boston, a distance of more than 4000 miles. 

These were not the momentary triumphs of a conqueror, 
who returns flushed with some recent victory ; but the tri- 
umphs of the hearts of othe? generations, who rise up to 
bless the patriot hero of their country, who took their fa- 
thers by the hand, led them to victory and glory ; and when 
he had given them an exalted rank among the nations of the 
earth, stepped aside, and left them to pursue their enjoy- 
ments of freedom, happiness and honor. Again, after a 
lapse of nearly fifty years, he comes, at the united voice of 
more than 10,000,000 of people, as free, as happy, and as 
independent, as the nature of man can possibly become, to 
receive the welcome plaudits of the nation. 

More than 3000 miles of the western tour of General La 
Fayette were a pathless desert when he last visited America ; 
now they can proudly boast of nine new and valuable states, 
covered with rich and flourishing cities, towns and villages ; 
possessing a free, a virtuous, and an intelligent population ; 
richly enjoying all that is essential to the happiness of man. 
Throughout this vast interior, the forests have bowed to 
the ax of the wood-man, cities, towns and villages, roads, 
eanals, manufactures, commerce, and the arts and sciences, 
have risen into being, as by the wand of the magician ; and 
the all-propelling power of steam has greatly facilitated the 
social and commercial intercourse throughout the vast circuit 
©f this western route. 

The changes throughout the eastern or Atlantic tour, in a 
period of forty or fifty years, far surpass every thing of 
the kind, either in ancient or modern story, and must have 
been almost incredible to the patriot hero ; but the changes 
of the west are far greater, and must have appeared to him 
like so much of the section of a new creation. The sub- 
lime realities of this whole scene, when taken collectively, 
surpass the powers of the pen or the pencil, and are vast 
beyond the stretch of imagination. 



.n* 



iO% THE TOUR OF 



CHAFTSR V. 

RECEPTION OF GENERAL LA FAYETTE BY THE LEGISLATURE OF 
MASSACHUSETTS — -PROCEEDINGS AT BUNKER HILL. 

Oq Thursday, June 16th, General La Fayette, agreeable 
to invitation, met the Goyernor and Council, the Senate and 
House of Representatives, in the Representatives Chamber. 
The several branches of the government being cissembled, 
he was introduced by a committee, and seated by the side 
of the Governor, by the Speaker's desk. The Governor 
then rose and made the following address : 

" General La Fayette, 

'• The immediate Representatives of the people of Mas- .1 
sachusetts, in the Executive and Legislative departments of | 
the government, have assembled on this occasion to oifer ■ 
you their cordial congratulations, on your return in healtli 
and safety to the capital of this Commonwealth, and in the J 
name of their constituents, to repeat to you the assurance ^ 
of respectful and affectionate interest, with which they shali 
ever regard your presence among them. 

" Your arrival in the country, on this happy visit to youi 
American brethren, was greeted by them with expressions of 
the liveliest satisfiction and joy. Your own observatioii 
eince, will bear faithful witness how true are their hearts to 
the language of salutation, v^ith which they first welcomed 
you. The population which has crowded your path-way, ' 
the prosperity which has smiled along your progress, in your 
tour through the Union, are but the fruits of events in 
which you largely and gloriously participated. The remem- 
brance of your early sacrifices in the cause of this country, 
, has excited the deepest sense of public obligation, and the 
breasts of millions of freemen will never cease to swell with 
''■ratitude, in the recognition of your services, most gener- 
ously and effectually rendered to an oppressed and suffering 
people. A nation just to itself cannot be indifferent to the 
fame of its benefactors, and while liberty is dear to the en- 
joyment of Americans, the names of those who fought in its 
defence will be associated with every memorial of the scenes 
through which it became triumphant. 

"• In offering to you, General, the congratulations of the 
Government, upon your present visit, I have the highest 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 403 

personal gratification, in further executing the pleasure of 
the Legislature, by tendering to you the hospitalities of the 
Commonwealth during its continuance." 

To which General La Fayette made the following reply 

t'Sir-^-The honour conferred upon me by the immediate 
Representatives of the State of Massachusetts, in the Ex- 
ecutive and Jjegislative branches, at the same time it fills my 
heart with the most lively, and the deepest sentiments of 
gratitude, recalls to my mind recollections equally grateful 
and endearing; and while I am so kindly welcomed by your 
Excellency, in this splendid State-House, I remember the 
remote times when similar favours have been received on 
the floor of Faneuil Hall — the consecrated cradle of Ameri- 
can, and! hope, of universal liberty. 

" In the long and happy series of visits through the sever- 
al parts of the Union, to which you have been pleased to 
allude. Bunker Hill has ever been my polar star ; and 1 now' 
rejoice to be arrived in time to join, on the grand half centu- 
ry jubilee, with my companions in arms, as being together 
the representatives of the early and unshaken devotion of 
our revolutionary army — of the patriotic wishes of such of 
us as are still on this land — of the dying prayers of those 
who are no more ; and permit me here. Sir, most deeply to 
mourn the recent loss of my two friends, your respected Pre- 
decessors, who had so heartily joined in the late welcome, 
I have hid the happiness after a long absence, to receive from 
the people of this State, and in this beloved city of Boston, 
which I never entered without feeling the warmest emo- 
tions of affection and gratitude. 

" While I have continually to admire the rapid wonders 
of creation and improvement, that have been the result of 
independence, freedom, and those republican mstitutions, 
which alone are equal to support the weight, and display the 
faculties of an extensive empire, I have particularly delight- 
ed in the sentiments of lellow feelings, and mutual affection, 
whereby the people of every part of the confederacy are 
strongly attached to an union, on which resides the safety of 
these states, and the hopes of mankind. 

" 1 beg. Sir, the gentlemen of the two houses of the legis- 
lature, and your Excellency, to accept my respectful thanks, 
and cordial devotion." 



404 THE TOUR OF 

The General was then introduced by the Gorernor to the 
members of the Council severally, and by the presiding offi- 
cers of the two other boards, to the several members who 
came forward to pay their respects to him. 

BUNKER HILL MONUMENT. 

The celebration of the Fiftieth AnniyersTivy oC the memo- 
rable battle on Bunker Hill, and the ceremony of laying the 
Foundation Stone of an OBELISK to commemorate that 
great event, took place on the 17th of June. 

The day was temperate and fair ; — and all the arrange- 
.ments made to honour it, were executed with a punctuality 
and good order, which could only be effected by the entire 
union of all the hearts and hands in the ceremonies. 

The Grand Lodge of Massachusetts, having been requested 
to assist on the occasion, assembled at an early hour in the 
morning at their Hall, and soon after were visited by their 
illustrious Brother, General La Fayette, and their respected 
brothers George Washington La Fayette and Le Vasseur. 
The meeting was most interesting. After the fraternal 
greeting of Grand Master Abbott, the distinguished Guest 
expressed the great pleasure he felt in meeting his Brethren 
in the beloved City of Boston, on the anniversary of the 
battle of Bunker Hill, and in the Grand Lodge, whose first 
Grand Master had, in the true spirit of a Mason, shed his 
blood in defence of the liberties «md institutions of his coun- 
try, on that ever memorable occasion. The assemblage of 
the fraternity was very numerous. The Grand Lodges of 
Maine, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Ver- 
mont, and New Jersey, were represented by their Grand 
Masters, or other distinguished members ; and the Grand 
Royal Arch Chapters of several States, by their Grand High 
Priests, and other officers. The distinguished Visitor was 
attended from and to his residence at Mr. Llo3^d's, by a dep- 
utation composed of past Grand Masters and Deputies. 

The Grand Procession was formed near the State House 
with the utmost precision and regularity, under the superin- 
tending direction of Brigadier General Lyman, assisted by a 
staffcomposed of Majors Brimmer and Aspinwall of Boston, 
Major Edwards of Brighton, Captains Sprague of Salem, 
Ford of Milton, Talbot of Dedham, and Young of Charles- 
town, Lieutenant Baxter, and Ensign Gardner, of Boston. 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 406 

The Military Escort was composed of sixteen companies, 
and a corps of cavalry commanded by Lieutenant Parker, all 
volunteers, and in full uniform. 

Survivors of the Battle. — Those worthies were in eight 
barouches and carriages, and were about forty in number. — 
Each wearing on his breast a badge, " Bunker Hill ^ JunCy 17, 
1775," and many bearing the implements of war they used in 
the fight. 

Then followed between one and two hundred Revolution- 
ary Officers and Soldiers, each bearing an appropriate badge. 
Their appearance was truly venerable. 

The Bunker Hill Monument Association, in full numbers, 
six deep, all wearing the badges, " B. H. M. A." 

The Masonic Procession succeeded. — This section of the 
Procession was very splendid, and exceeded two thousand of 
the fraternity, with all their jewels and regalia. The Grand 
Lodge of Massachusetts was fully organized, and bore the im- 
plements and vessels used in laying the foundations of ancient 
edifices. They were followed by the Grand Encampments 
of the Knights Templars of Rhode-Island, Connecticut, 
Vermont, Maine, New Hampshire, and Massachusetts, in full 
numbers with their banners, implements and regalia ; by 
the Grand Lodges of the above States ; by the Grand Chap- 
ters of Royal Arch Masons, and by various subordinate 
Chapters and Lodges, bearing banners. A full band of 
music was attached to the Masonic procession. Of the rega- 
lia of the Grand Lodge, was a gold Urn, borne by the Dep~ 
uty Grand Master, containing a relic of our departed Broth- 
George AVashington. 

Hon. Mr. Webster, President, and other officers of the 
B. H. M. Association. 

The Rev. Dr. Kirkland, the Rev. Mr. Thaxter, (a Revolu- 
tionary Chaplain,) and the Rev. Mr. Walker, Chaplains 
of the day. 

Directors and Committees of the Association. 

General La Fayette, in a coach and four, accompanied by 
Lieutenant General Lallemand, of Philadelphia. 

Mr. George Washington La Fayette, and the Generals suite 
in a carriage. 



406 TH5 TOUR OF 

His Excellency the Governor. 

The Hon. Council, Senate, and House of Representativts, 

accompanied by the Adjutant-General, Secretary, 

Treasurer, &c. 

Governor Fenner, the Secretary of War of the United States, 
and others. 

Delegations from the various States. 

Delegation from the Pilgrim Society in Plymouth. 

Officers of the United States Navy and Army, and the Mili"- 
tary in Uniform. 

Citizens. 

In this order the whole proceeded from the State House^ 
about half past 10, and passed through Park, Common, 
School, Washington, Union, Hanover, and Prince-streets, to 
Charlestown River Bridge, and from thence through Maine, 
Green, and High-streets, in Charlestown, to the Monumental 
J^quare. The front of the procession had nearly reached 
the bridge when the rear of it left the Common. 

All the streets, the houses to their roofs, and in some in- 
stances to chimney tops, and ev^ry situation on which a foot- 
ing could be obtained lor a prospect of the procession, were 
filled with a condensed mass of well dressed, cheerful look- 
ing persons, of all sexes and denominations, many of whom 
had occupied their stations for several hours ; and who, at 
appropriate places, spontaneously rent the air with joyous 
and orderly acclamations, while the Ladies displayed their 
tokens of smiles, and waving handkerchiefs, as the proces- 
sion passed, particularly when the Guest was in sight. 

Arrived at the Monument spot, the various sections of the 
procession formed a square around it ; when the Grand 
Master of Massachusetts, accompanied by General La Fay- 
ette, President Webster, the Past Grand Masters, the Dis- 
trict Deputy Grand Master, bearing the Architectural Imple- 
ments, the Grand Wardens, bearing the Corn, Wine, and Oi7, 
in vases, the Grand Chaplain, Grand Treasurer, and Princi- 
pal Architect, repaired around the foundation stone, which 
having been squared, levelled, and plumbed, by the Grand 
Master, Brother Fayette and Mr. Webster, and declared to 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 407 

be true and proper, the following deposits "were made in 
the cavUy of the Stone : 

1. The oflSpial account of the battle of Bunker Hill, by 
the Provincial Congress of Massachusetts Bay. 

2. Oflficial account by General Gage. [Both written oh 
parchment J and presented by Mr. John F. Eliot.] 

3. All the printed accounts of the battle, viz. by Samuel 
Sweet, by H. Dearborn, Major General U. S. A. — and by a 
Bostonian, (Alden Bradford, Esq.) 

4. Plan of the battle, and apian of Charlestown. 

5. Circular Letter of Bunker Hill Monument Association, 
by Edward Everett. 

6. Address of Bunker Hill Monument Association, by 
(William Sullivan. 

7. Account of the battle of Lexington in an address deliv- 
ered at Concord, by Edward Everett. 

8. Life of Josiah Q,uincy, jun. containing letters and/ar 
nmilies o£ the writings of revolutionary characters. 

9. Coins of th':j United J: tates. 

10. Medals of distinguished persons connected with 
\merica, presented by the Hon. Thomas L. Winthrop. 
The Medals bore the following inscriptions, viz. 

CoDiitia Americana 

GEORGIO WASHINGTON, 

lupremo l^uci Exercituum, Adsertori Libertatis. Hoslibus Prim* 

Fugatis ; Bostonia Recuperatae, 

xvii. MartiiMDCCLXXVI. 

BENJ. FRANKLIN, 
Natus Boston, xvii Jan. MDCGVI. 
" EripuitCoelo Fulmen, Sceptrumque Tyrannis.'* 

CHRISTOPHORUS COLUMBUS, 
atus An. MCCCCXLII. Co^ureti ad Gennam, Obiit in Valle. 
Oleti, Apud Hjspanos, 
An. MDVI. 

Comitia Americana 

GULIELMO WASHINGTON, 

Legionis Equit : PrcBfecto. 

tui parva milituna manu strenue prosecutua hostes, virtutis ing-enitjr 

prseclarum specimen dedit, in Pugna ad Cowpens, 

xvii Jan. MDCCLXXVI. 



408 THE* TOUR OF 

Comitia Americana 
JOH. EGAR HOWARD, 

Legionis Peditum Prmfeclo. 

Qui in nutantem ^hostiiim aciem subito irruens, pvoeclarum beliiea: 

virtutis specimen dedit, in Pugna ad Cowpens, 

xviiJan. MDCGLXXXl. 

THADDEUS KOSCIUSZKO, 

Natus An. MDCCXLVI. Siechnowier Ducat Lithariae io Polonia : 

Obiit An. MDCCCXVII. 

Comitia Americana 

JOANNI PAVLO JONES, 

PrcBfecto Classis. 

Hostium Navibus Captis aiit Fvg^tis ad oram Sevtise, 

xxii Sept. MDCCLXX VIII. 

1 1. A fragment of the Plymouth Rock. 

12. One of each of the newspapers of the week. ', 

13. Specimens of Old Continental Money, presented by j 
Messrs. Lemuel Blake and Ebenezer Clough, and by Major j 
Bass. 1 

14. The Silver Plate, twelve by eight inches, bearing the 
following 

INSCRIPTION. 

"On the XVII. day of June, MDCCCXXV. at (he request of the 
Bunker Hill Monument Association, the Most Worshipful John Ahhot, 
Grand Master of Masons in Mapsachusetts, did, in the presence of 
General La Fayette., lay this corner-stone of a Monument to testify 
the gratitude of the present generation to their Fatherp, who, on the 
17th of June, 1775, here fought in the cause of their country, and of 
free institutions, the memorable Battle of Bunker Hill, and with their ] 
blood vindicated for their posterity the privileges and happiness this 
land has t.ince enjoyed. Officers of the Bunker iliil Monument Asso- 
ciation. President, Daniel Webster ; Vice-Presidents, Thomas H. 
Perkins, Joseph Story ; isecretary, Edward Everett ; Treasurer, 
Nathaniel P. Russell. Directors, — Nathan Appleton. Loammi Bald- 
win, George Blake, Isaac P. Davis, Henry A. S. Dearborn, Franklin 
Dexter, Benjamin Gorham, Samuel I). Harris, Seth Knowles, Amos 
Lawrence, Theodore Lyman, jun. David L. Morrill, Francis J. Oliver, "* 
William Prescott, Daniel Putnam, Jesse Putnam, David Sears, Na- 
thaniel Silsbee, William Sullivan. Samuel Sweet, George Ticknor, 
William Tudor, John Wells, Oliver Wolcott, John C. Warren. 
Standing committees for collecting subscriptions, — Henry A. S.Dear- 
born, John G. Warren, Edward Everett. George Blake, and Samuel 
D. Harris. Committee on the form of the Monument,— Daniel Web- 
ster, L. Baldwin, G. Stuart, Washington Alston, and G. Ticknor. . 

President of the United States, John Qoincy Adams. Governor of' 
Massachusetts, Levi Lincoln. Governor of New-Hampshire, David 
L. Morrill. Governor of Connecticut, Oliver Wolcott. Governor 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. iua 

of Vermont, C. P. Van Ness. Governor of Rhode-Island, Jame? 
: Fenner. Governor of Maine, Albion K. Parris. Alexander Parri?. 
Architect." 

These articles were deposited in a leaden box, and cov- 
ered with melted wax ; — the top of the box being soldered 
\ and secured.- — This was put in another leaden box, some- 
what larger ; the instertice filled with pitch, and the boj, 
hermetically secured. Thus prepared, it was placed on a 
large fragment of granite, and the Corner-Stone, having au 
excavation adapted to the box, was lowered, by operative 
Masons, over it, so as to receive it, and was then strong!} 
fastened by iron clamps to the subjacent granite. 

The Grand Chaplain, the R. W. Br. Allen, of Chelmi 
ford, then pronounced a benediction;, the Grand Master 
strewed the Corn, Wine, and Oil, and delivered the imple- 
ments ot Architecture to the Master Builder, with orders to 
€rect the Monument on the true principles of Masonry, tc 
which the Architect made the following reply : 

Most Worshipful Grand Master — 1 receive from your 
hands these implements of science and labor, belonging to my 
i:raft and profession^ with feelings of great personal diffi- 
dence, but still in the strongest confidence and faith that 
such is the triumphant spirit of the age, and such the num- 
bers, ability, and power, of those who have ordered the 
craftsmen to commence building, that the work will go 
bravely on, and the fathers who have this day come up, rest- 
ing each upon his staff, to see you lay the Corner Stone, will 
live long enough to witness the dedication at the completion, 
of the structure. 

The benediction being repeated, the Grand Master pro* 
nounced the ceremonies ended. 

The procession, which was inside the lines, then cheered, 
and salutes were fired on Bunker Hill by the Charlestown 
Artillery, Captain Sanders, and on Copps Hill in Boston, by 
the Sea Fencibles, commanded by Lieut. Lewis. 

The procession then moved to an amphitheatrical erea, 
where accommodations had been made on a most ample 
scale, for the accommodation of the auditors of the Address 
of the President of the Association. They included a large 
portion of the north-eastern declivify of the battle hill. In 
the centre of the base, a rural arch and bower, surmounted 
35 



410 THE TOUR OF 

by the AmerlGan Eagle, was formed for the government of 
the Association, and some of the Guests, in front of which, 
after the venerable Mr. Thaxter had addressed the Throne 
of Grace, the Orator, sub ccbIo, pronounced an Address, 
which none but its author is capable of doing justice to in a 
summary, and which will be printed and read with a pleasure 
equalled only by that which electrified the vast assemblage 
who listened to it for nearly one hour and a quarter. It is 
enough for us to say, that it was in every particular worthy 
of the celebrity of the orator ; and that his address to the 
silver-headed worthies of the Revolution, and to the distin- 
guished Guest of the Nation, filled every heart with trans- 
- j)ort\^'> On each side of the bower, seats with awnings, had 
l3een prepared, and were filled by over one thousand ladies, 
from all parts of the Union, presenting a spectacle of anima- 
ted beauty and intelligence, and ofiering a fine contrast to 
the other parts of the auditory. — The exercises commenced 
and closed with the following Hymns, sung by a powerful 
choir, to the two good old tunes. a 

' FIRST HYMN. 
By Rev. John Pierpont Tune " Old Hundred,'^' 

O, is not this a holy spot ! 

'Tis the high place of Freedom's birth :— 
God of our Fathers ! is it not 

The holiest spot of all the earth ? 

Quenched is thy flame on Horeb's side ; 

The robber roams o'er Sinai now ; 
And those old men, thy seers, abide 

No more on Zion's mournful brow. 
But on this hill thou, Lord, has dwelt, 

Since round its head the war-cloud curled, 
And wrapped our fathers, where they knelt 

In prayer and battle for a world. 

Here sleeps their dust ; 'tis holy ground, 
And we, the children of the brave, 

From thy four winds are gathered round. 
To lay our offering on their grave. 



I 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 411 

Free as the winds around us blow, 

Free as yon waves below us spread, 
We rear a pile, that long shall throw 

Its shadow on their sacred bed. 

But on their deeds no shame shall fall. 

While o'er their couch thy sun shall flame : 
Thine ear was bowed to hear their call, 

And thy right hand shall guard their fame. 

SECOND HYMN. 4| 

By Rev. James Flint Tune''' St. Martins," M^ ^ 

O Glorious day ! that saw the array ' 

Of freemen in their might, 
\Vhen here they stood, unused to blood. 
\^Yet dared th' unequal fight. 

The sons are met to own the debt 

Due to their fathers' fame j 
And here they place the column's base 

To bear their deathless name. 

'Tis not that here the victor's cheer 

Rung o'er the falling foe, — 
That earth here drank of many a rank, 

Th' life-blood's gushing flow. 

The pledge here given to earth and heaven v 

Freemen to live or die — 
This gives their fame its sacred claim 

To immortality. 

To God, who will'd a state to build, 

Based on the rights of man. 
Glory we give, who this day live 

To hail th' accomplished plan. 

The Guests and Subscribers to the dinner were then 
escorted to Bunker-Hill, where an edifice, covering 38,400 
square feet of ground, had been erected, and ia which at 
twelve tables, running its entire length, 400 feet, 4000 plates 
were laid, which were all occupied. A spacious gallery con- 
tained an excellent band of music j and the following toasts, 



n^ THE TOUPt OF 

interspersed with songs, and martial airs, were announced b\' 
Mr. F. C. Whiston, amidst the most deafening bursts of ap- 
plause. — The scene defies dcFcription ; and as much order 
prevailed, as was dompatible with the festivity of the occa- 
sion and the magnitude of the company. 

1st. The llth of June 1775. — The marble may moulder ; 
but while a heart beats in an American's bosom, there will 
be a tablet from which the record of that day's glory shall 
wever be effaced. 

An ODE. — By Rufus Dawes, Esq. 

^ 2d. The Militia, — What more than to name the spot ^ 
whereon we stand, to proclaim its character to the world. .. 
T^ne — " Yankee jDooa'5'e." j 

3d. The Committee of Safety. — The early guardians of 1 
our nation's rights ; fearless, as faithful in the execution of ' 
their trust. Tune — " Rise Columbia.''^ 

4th. The Martyrs of Bunker-Hill Battle. — We inhale the 
air they breathed ; we tread the ground they trod ; we 
surround the altar where their lives were offered ; we sweav 
devotion to their cause ! — (drank standing.) 

An ODE. — By Thomas Wells, Esq. 

5th. Bunker Hill Monument. — Its proud summit shall j 
brighten with the morning's first beam, and the evening's | 
last ray ; it shall glow with a still richer and purer light ia II 
speaking f^etr deeds who repose beneath it. 

An ODE. — By Dr. Percival. 

tith. The Survivors of Bunker Hill Battle. -^The. gloom 
of that day may dwell on their recollection ; but in the bright- . 
ness of this, they feel, that they fought under the auspices of ' 
Heaven. Tune — " Adams and Liberty.''^ 

[After the 6th regular toast the following sentiment was 
given and cordially received : — ] 

The Orator of the Day. — A statesman and patriot, who j 
knows no party but his country, who feels no impulse but | 
her welfare. 

7th. Lexington and Concord. — There the earnest was 
given, that a people, resolved to be frecj can never be enslav-* j 
ed! 'Tnne^'' Old Soldier,'' 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 413 

Sth. The President of the United States.—*' Washings 
ton's March.'^ 

9th. The Governor of the Commoiiwealth. — ** Goner- 
nor Brook'' s March.'' 

10th. The Continental Army. — ^Whom victory could not 
elate, whom defeat could not depress ; their cause their 
country ; their trust their God ! 

An ODE. — By Reverend John Pierpont. 

11th. The Memory of Washington. Dirge. 

12th. The Continental Congress. — ^The embodied wisdom 
of the nation ; which wrought the freedom of one hemisphere, 
and promulgated the principles which will emancipate the 
other. 

13th. The Memory of Warren. — Associated with this 
occasion ; his name comes to us " as the gentle rain from 
Heaven, refreshing the place beneath." 

After the regular toasts the President of the Association 
said, 

He rose to propose a toast, in behalf of the Directors of 
the Association. Probably he was already anticipated, in 
the name which he should mention. It was well known, 
that the distinguished personage near him, from the time 
when he first became acquainted with the object of the Asso- 
ciation, had taken much interest in it, and had expressed an 
intention to be present at the ceremony of laying the Corner 
Stone. This purpose he had kindly remembered, through 
the long course of his visits to the several States. It was not 
at all necessary to say — indeed it could not be said— how 
much his presence had added to the interest and pleasure of 
the occasion. He should proceed at once to the grateful duty 
which the Directors had enjoined on him, and propose to 
the company 

'-' Health and long life to General LA FAYETTE." 

On which General La Fayette rose, and thus expressed 
^himself : 

Gentlemen — I will not longer trespass on your time than 
to thank you in the name of my Revolutionary companions 
in arms and myself for the testimonies of esteem and affec- 
j tion, I may say, of tilial affection, which have been bestowed 
upon us on the memorable celebration of this Anniversary 
•day ; and to-offer our fervent prayers for the preservation of 
35* 



4u Tut TOUR oy 

that liepublican freedom, equality, and self-governmenf, ' 
that blessed union between the States of the confederacy for 
which we have fought and bled, and on which rest the hopes 
of mankind. Permit me to propose the following sentiment : 

Bunker Hill, and the holy resistance to oppression which 
has already enfranchised the American hemisphere, — the 
next Half Century Jubilee's toast shall be — to Enfranchised 
Europe. 

By his Excellency the Governor. — That Monument, the : 
base of which was laid in 1773 — the Column of American 
fame, which time is strengthening to adamant, and raising 
with the spirits of those who laid it — to Heaven. 

By the Honorable James Barbour, Secretary of War — 
Bunker Hill — favoured spot, consecrated by valor, by grati- 
tude, and by eloquence. 

By the Delegation of the Pilgrim Society — 'J he Arm raised 
on this Hill in the cause of human rights — and nobly sus- 
tained by the strength of the whole body. 

Thus passed this great and splendid celebration. Heaven 
seemed to smile upon the day ; and nature never wore it 
more delightful aspect. Upon this subject a Boston writer 
remarks : — 

"' The human eye never opened on a more delightful 
morning; not a cloud obscured the smallest portion of the 
firmament ; and the seasonable showers of the day preced- 
ing had brightened the emerald hue of the earth. The 
whole tace of nature wore its loveliest aspect ; the flooring- 
was spread with her richest variegated carpet ; the canopy 
was ail azure and sunshine. The thousands of human be- 
ings, congregated to witness the spectacle, seemed to inspire 
with the breathing atmosphere, complacency and delight,; 
and every face, whether it belonged to the feeble veteran of 
the silver lock, the manly soldier decorated with plume and 
sword, the inquisitive and admiring child, or to woman, the 
still more interesting product of heavenly skill and goodness, 
.very fice beamed with gratulation, and reflected back the 
Hivide of the Creator." 

The Guest of the Nation had no vacant time during hi» 
late stay in Boston.— He forgets no one, and omits nothing, 
which lie ought to remember or perform. After the ardu- 
ous duties of Friday he passed the evening at a splendid 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE. 4I.< 

pally given by Mrs. Daniel Webster, in Summer-street, 
On Saturday he visited the venerable John Adams, at hW 
seat in Q,uincy ; received visitors at Mr. Lloyd's, where he 
dined ; and spent the evening at a large party given by Mrs. 
Lloyd. On Sunday he attended divine service in the Church 
in Brattle-street, and in Trinity Church. During the inter- 
mission he visited General Hull and Lady, at the residence 
of Mr. McLellan, in Winthrop-piace, where he met his gld 
companions in arms, General Cobb, General Huntington, 
Colonel Putnam, and others. — He then visited General 
Dearborn, and Honorable T. L. Winthrop, at their residen- 
ces. In the afternoon he visited the country house of the 
Honorable Thomas H. Perkins, at Brookline. In the eve- 
ning he called on Mrs. Ticknor, in Common-street, paid his 
respects to Madam Humphreys, the relict of his friend and 
companion in arms, General H. at her residence on Mount 
Vernon, and passed theresidue of the evening at Mrs. Rich- 
ard Derby's, in Chesnut-street. 

On Monday he breakfasted with Brigadier General Ly- 
man. About noon visited the Massachusetts General Plospi- 
tal, in company with the Governor, Lieutenant Governor, 
the Mayor, General Lallemande, Colonel M'Lane, Doctor 
Mitchell, &c. — He was received by the President, Directors, 
and P'nysicians ; examined all parts of the Hospital, and ex- 
pressed the high gratification he felt in the contemplation of 
the benefits to humanity flowing from this extensive and 
useful institution. He then visited the New England Muse- 
um ; received several deputations at his residence, dined 
with the Mechanic Association at 4 o'clock, and visited the 
, Theatre in the eveung. 

♦c' On Tuesday mornino:, about 9 o'clock, the General and 
Ids suite, accompanied by Colonels Q,uincy and Davis, of the 
Governor's staff, set out from Mr. Lloyd's on his Eastern 
journey. 

The Legislature of Massachusetts have made provision for 
paying the expenses of La Fayette's late visit to Boston our 
of the State 'J>r a^ury. Grants h;ive also been made to the 
survivors of Bunker Hili bsittie who attended the late cel- 
ebration, of three dollars each, and one dollar for every 
twenty miles travel. 



m CONCLUSION. 



CONCLUSION. 

In these Memoirs is displayed a triumph unparalleled In 
the annals of the world ; not the triumph of the hero, the 
patriot, and the philanthropist only ; but the triumph of 
pri-nciples, integrity, and virtue, through all the extremes ot 
prosperity and adversity, from the summit of popular power 
to along tive years imprisonment, under the severities of the 
iron hand of despotism ; and yet true to himself, he remains 
unsullied with the touch of dishonor. 

Let America rejoice as a nation, in the happy moral effects 
she is now enjoying, and will probably continue to enjoy 
from the visit of General La Fayette. " It is doing much to 
unite us. It has brought those together that have been sep- 
arated by long lives of political* animositv. It helps to 
break down the great land-marks of party and makes a holi- 
day of kind and generous feelings in the hearts of the multi- 
tudes that throng his way, as he moves in triumphal proces- 
sion from cit}' to city. It turns the attention' of the whole 
people from the bustle and divisions of our wearisome elec- 
tions, the contests of the senate house, and the troubles and 
bitterness of our manifold political dissentions ; and instead 
of all this carries us back to that great period of our history, 
about which opinions have long been tranquil and settled. 
It offers to us, as it were with the very costume and air 
appropriate to the tirties, one of the great actors from this 
most solemn passage of our national destines ; and thus en- 
ables us to transmit yet one generation further onward, a ^ 
sensible impression of the times of our fathers. We arfe^ 
not only permitted to v/itness ourselves one of the foremost 
leaders and champions of the Revolxition ; but can shew 
him to our children, and thus leave in their young hearts an 
impression which will grow old there with their deepest and 
purest feelings. It brings, in fact, our revolution nearer to 
us, with all the high-minded patriotism, and self-denying vir- 
tues of our forefathers, and thus prompts us to turn our at- 
tention more towards our posterity, and excites in us an 
anxiety to do for them what we are so sensibly reminded 
our fathers did for us, under the most perilous sacriiices. 



.CONCLUSION. 417 

•' Wc may yet iurlher addj^^^that America may rejoice in 
in the visit from General La Fayette on his oxi-n account. He 
enjoys a singular distinction, for it is a rare thing in the 
providence of God ; one that never happened before, and 
probably never will happen again, that an individual from a 
remote quarter of the globe, having assisted to lay the found- 
ation of a great nation, should be permitted thus to visit the 
posterity of those he served, and witness on a scale so vast, 
the work of his own sacrifices ; the result of grand princi- 
ples in government, for which he contended before they 
had been tried; the growth and maturity of institutions 
which he assisted to establish, when their operation could 
be calculated only by the widest and most clear sighted cir- 
cumspection. We rejoice in it, for it is, undoubtedly, the 
most gratifying and appropriate reward that could be offered 
to a spirit like his. in the beautiful phrase which Tacitus 
applies to Germanicus, /V;»7m?' /tima; for he must be aware 
that the ocean that rolls between Europe and America, ope- 
rates like the grave on all feelings of passion and party, and 
that the voice of gratitude and admiration that now rises to 
greet him from every city, every village, and every heart of 
this wide land, is as pure, and sincere as the voice of pos- 
terity." 

Well may the parties rejoice with each other in the noble 
examples of pure disinterested benevolence, as well as pure 
national gratitude, which they have exhibited to the world. 
May the union of these principles never cease to operate. 
until theii happy effects nre felt tfiroughout the world. 



ERRATA. 

I'age 72, at the close of the 39 paragraph, after the words "and the 
contest continued," add the following omission : 

In the midst of these disputes Louis XV died, -and was suc- 
ceeded by Louis XVI, 1774; but the great parties still contin- 
ued the controversy. The American revolution gave a diversion 
to the violence of the quarrel, for a time, but when that was clos- 
ed, it raged again with reneived violence, until the people, impa- 
tientof further restraint, were determined to govern themselves 
81, line 8 from top, for July read September. 

166, line 7 from bottom, for Generals read General. 

167, line 12 from top, for were read was. 
179, line 14 from top, for Marbourg read Maubourg. 

*' line 16 from top, for hiliarity read hilarity. 
212, lines 10—11 from bottom, for Lehmkuhlen read Wettmoldt 
238, line 13 from bottom, for respectfully read respectively. 
351, line 4 from close of the chapter, for wharfs read wharves. 

353, middle line, omit comma after the word Members. 

354, second line of poetry, for beam read beams. 
364, line 14 from bottom, for calvary read cavalry 
374, Jine 11 from top, for would read could. 



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